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Ying L, Ruyang Y, Chuanbin N, Yeqing W, Qing L, Yufan Z, Fei G. ANCW: Affective norms for 4030 Chinese words. Behav Res Methods 2023:10.3758/s13428-023-02226-x. [PMID: 37801213 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-023-02226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Affective information contained in words is gaining increased attention among neurolinguists and psycholinguists around the world. This study established the Affective Norms for Chinese Words (ANCW) with valence, arousal, dominance, and concreteness ratings for 4030 words that were Chinese adaptations of the CET-4 (The National College English Test Band 4) official syllabus. Despite the existing Chinese affective norms such as the Chinese Affective Words System (CAWS), the ANCW provides much more and richer Chinese vocabulary. By using 7-point (ranging from 1 to 7) Likert scales in a paper-and-pencil procedure, we obtained ratings for all variables from 3717 Chinese undergraduates. The ANCW norms possessed good response reliability and were compatible with prior normative studies in Chinese. The pairwise correlation analysis revealed quadratic relations between valence and arousal, arousal and dominance, as well as valence and concreteness. Additionally, valence and dominance, as well as arousal and concreteness, presented a linear correlation, and concreteness and dominance were correlated. The ANCW provides reliable and standardized stimulus materials for further research involving emotional language processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lv Ying
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Ruyang
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Chuanbin
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wang Yeqing
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Qing
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Yufan
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao Fei
- School of Foreign Languages and Cultures, Nanjing Normal University, No. 122# Ninghai Road, Nanjing, 210097, People's Republic of China
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Santaniello G, Ferré P, Sanchez-Carmona A, Huete-Pérez D, Albert J, Hinojosa JA. Gamma Oscillations in the Temporal Pole Reflect the Contribution of Approach and Avoidance Motivational Systems to the Processing of Fear and Anger Words. Front Psychol 2022; 12:802290. [PMID: 35140664 PMCID: PMC8820231 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior reports suggest that affective effects in visual word processing cannot be fully explained by a dimensional perspective of emotions based on valence and arousal. In the current study, we focused on the contribution of approach and avoidance motivational systems that are related to different action components to the processing of emotional words. To this aim, we compared frontal alpha asymmetries and brain oscillations elicited by anger words associated with approach (fighting) motivational tendencies, and fear words that may trigger either avoidance (escaping), approach (fighting) or no (freezing) action tendencies. The participants’ task was to make decisions about approaching or distancing from the concepts represented by words. The results of cluster-based and beamforming analyses revealed increased gamma power band synchronization for fear words relative to anger words between 725 and 750 ms, with an estimated neural origin in the temporal pole. These findings were interpreted to reflect a conflict between different action tendencies underlying the representation of fear words in semantic and emotional memories, when trying to achieve task requirements. These results are in line with the predictions made by the fear-hinders-action hypothesis. Additionally, current data highlights the contribution of motivational features to the representation and processing of emotional words.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Santaniello
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Huete-Pérez
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Psychology, Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Hinojosa
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
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Fernández-Aguilar L, Navarro-Bravo B, Ricarte J, Ros L, Latorre JM. How effective are films in inducing positive and negative emotional states? A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225040. [PMID: 31751361 PMCID: PMC6872151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-analyses and reviews on emotion research have shown the use of film clips to be one of the most effective methods of mood induction. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of this method when positive, negative and neutral emotional targets are studied under similar experimental conditions is currently unknown. This comprehensive meta-analysis included only studies that implemented neutral, positive and negative mood inductions to evaluate the effectiveness of the film clip method as a mood induction procedure. In addition, several factors related to the films, sample and experimental procedure used, the number of emotional categories, for example, or the number of film clips watched, were included to study their influence on the effectiveness of this mood induction procedure. Forty-five studies were included with 6675 participants and 12 possible moderator variables according to the sample and the research procedure. Our findings suggest that film clips are especially powerful in inducing negative mood states (Hedges' g for valence = -1.49 and for arousal = -1.77) although they are also effective inducers of positive mood states (Hedges' g for valence of = . -1.22 and for arousal = -1.34). Additionally, this meta-analysis reveals that variables, such as the number of emotional categories or the type of stimulus used to measure the baseline, should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz Fernández-Aguilar
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Medical School, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
| | - Beatriz Navarro-Bravo
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Medical School, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación del Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Albacete (Spain)
| | - Jorge Ricarte
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Medical School, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
| | - Laura Ros
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Medical School, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
| | - Jose Miguel Latorre
- Psychology Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
- Applied Cognitive Psychology Unit, Medical School, University of Castilla La-Mancha, Albacete (Spain)
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Huete-Pérez D, Haro J, Hinojosa JA, Ferré P. Does it matter if we approach or withdraw when reading? A comparison of fear-related words and anger-related words. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2019; 197:73-85. [PMID: 31125899 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of the present research was to explore the role of affective features beyond valence and arousal (i.e., the approach-withdrawal dimension) in visual word processing. For this purpose, fear-related words and anger-related words were compared in three tasks: a lexical decision task (LDT), a valence decision task (VDT) and an approach-distancing decision task (ADDT). Although these two types of words did not differ in the first two tasks, faster 'distancing' responses were given to anger-related words than to fear-related words in the ADDT. As long as these two types of words were matched in valence and arousal (among other variables), these results illustrate the need to consider other emotional dimensions (in this case, the approach-withdrawal dimension) beyond the two-dimensional perspective in order to account for the emotional effects in visual words processing and to describe how the affective space is organized. In addition, the results suggest a task-dependence effect: differential effects of fear and anger only emerged when participants were explicitly focused on the approach-withdrawal dimension. These findings are discussed in relation to motivationally-based mechanisms.
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