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Czyż SH, Wójcik AM, Solarská P, Kiper P. High contextual interference improves retention in motor learning: systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15974. [PMID: 38987617 PMCID: PMC11237090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65753-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The effect of practice schedule on retention and transfer has been studied since the first publication on contextual interference (CI) in 1966. However, strongly advocated by scientists and practitioners, the CI effect also aroused some doubts. Therefore, our objective was to review the existing literature on CI and to determine how it affects retention in motor learning. We found 1255 articles in the following databases: Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, supplemented by the Google Scholar search engine. We screened full texts of 294 studies, of which 54 were included in the meta-analysis. In the meta-analyses, two different models were applied, i.e., a three-level mixed model and random-effects model with averaged effect sizes from single studies. According to both analyses, high CI has a medium beneficial effect on the whole population. These effects were statistically significant. We found that the random practice schedule in laboratory settings effectively improved motor skills retention. On the contrary, in the applied setting, the beneficial effect of random practice on the retention was almost negligible. The random schedule was more beneficial for retention in older adults (large effect size) and in adults (medium effect size). In young participants, the pooled effect size was negligible and statically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław H Czyż
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
- Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia.
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation (PhASRec), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.
| | - Aleksandra M Wójcik
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wrocław University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Petra Solarská
- Faculty of Sport Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Paweł Kiper
- Healthcare Innovation Technology Lab, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venezia, Italy
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Chan WLS, Chan CWL, Lam FMH, Chan HHW, Chan KCK, Chan JSK, Chan OLW, Cheung DSK. Feasibility, safety, and effects of a Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™ balance and strengthening exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls: A feasibility randomized controlled trial. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24 Suppl 1:334-341. [PMID: 38088479 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM This pilot study examined the feasibility, safety, and effects of a Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™-based exercise program to enhance balance and lower limb muscle strength in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls. METHODS In total, 42 older adults who experienced at least one fall in the past year were randomly assigned to an experimental or control group. Participants in the experimental group performed 60-min sessions of the exercise program twice per week for 8 weeks. The control group received usual care. We assessed the feasibility (retention and adherence to the exercise program), safety (number of adverse events), and clinical outcomes: (1) balance (Mini-BESTest); (2) functional lower limb muscle strength (Five-Time Sit-to-Stand test); (3) mobility (Timed-Up and Go test); (4) dual-task ability (Timed-Up and Go test - Dual Task); (5) fear of falling (Icon-FES); and (6) executive function (Color Trails Test). RESULTS Thirty-one participants (74%) completed the 8-week assessment. No adverse event associated with the exercise program was reported. There was a significant interaction in the anticipatory domain score of the Mini-BESTest between the experimental and control groups over the 8 weeks (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS The Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™-based exercise program was feasible, safe, and potentially effective in improving anticipatory balance in community-dwelling older fallers. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 334-341.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Lap Sun Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cody Wing Lam Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Freddy Man Hin Lam
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Howard Ho Wing Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Chi Kin Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry Sai Kit Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar Lok Wang Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Chan WLS, Chan CWL, Chan HHW, Chan KCK, Chan JSK, Chan OLW. A randomised controlled pilot study of a Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™ balance and strengthening exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls. Australas J Ageing 2024. [PMID: 38404233 DOI: 10.1111/ajag.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This pilot study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and effects of a Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™-based balance and muscle strengthening exercise program in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls. METHODS Older adults who have had at least one fall in the past year were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 21) or control group (n = 21). The experimental group performed 16 exercise sessions in total, lasting 60 min each, twice a week for 8 weeks, whereas the control group received usual care. Feasibility was evaluated based on the scores of participants in the exercises. Acceptance was evaluated using a customised questionnaire examining participants' self-perceived enjoyment, feasibility and improvements. Clinical outcomes including balance (Mini-BESTest), lower limb muscle strength (Five-Time Sit-to-Stand test), mobility (Timed-Up and Go test), dual-task ability (Timed-Up and Go test-Dual Task), fear of falling (Icon-FES) and executive function (Color Trails Test) were evaluated at baseline and 8 weeks. RESULTS Thirty-one participants (74%) finished the 8-week assessment. The experimental group significantly improved their scores in six out of eight exercises (all p < .031). The mean scores of the self-perceived enjoyment, feasibility and improvement domains of the acceptability questionnaire were 3.46 ± .53, 3.08 ± .59, and 3.47 ± .57 respectively. A significant improvement in the anticipatory subscore of the Mini-BESTest was found in the experimental group compared to the control group (p = .02; Partial eta squared = .14). CONCLUSIONS The Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure™-based exercise program was feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective in community-dwelling older adults with a history of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Lap Sun Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Cody Wing Lam Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Howard Ho Wing Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin Chi Kin Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jerry Sai Kit Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Oscar Lok Wang Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Kim H, Kim G, Kim Y, Ha J. The Effects of ICT-Based Interventions on Physical Mobility of Older Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Clin Pract 2023; 2023:5779711. [PMID: 38020536 PMCID: PMC10656205 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5779711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis were conducted to integrate and analyze intervention studies dealing with the effects of information and communications technology- (ICT-) based interventions on the physical mobility of older adults in the community. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for studies published from January 2000 to December 2022. We used the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool to evaluate the quality of the randomized controlled studies in the systematic review. The meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. The model was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for both effect measures. I2 tests were used to measure the presence of heterogeneity. Thirty-seven randomized controlled trials were included (2,419 intervention participants), of which 23 were included in the meta-analysis. ICT interventions significantly improved Timed Up and Go (TUG) as a marker of physical mobility variable in older adults (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.10, p=0.005, I2 = 74.7%). A sensitivity analysis was performed on subgroups, and interventions were found to be effective in improving TUG in the exergame group (SMD = -0.40, 95% CI: -0.72 to -0.08, p < 0.001, I2 = 75.0%) and in the exergame with virtual reality (VR) group (SMD = -0.33, 95% CI: -1.01 to 0.35, p < 0.001, I2 = 91.0%) but both groups showed high heterogeneity. A meta-analysis was also performed on Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) but statistically significant results were not found (SMD = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.61 to 0.23, p=0.375, I2 = 87.7%). For the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the post-intervention scores were significantly better than baseline (SMD = 1.52, 95% CI: 0.48 to 2.57, p=0.004, I2 = 93.5%). However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was small and heterogeneity was high, so follow-up studies are needed. This study confirmed that exergames, telecommunication, e-health, information applications, and robots were used as effective ICT-based interventions for improving the physical mobility of older adults. It is necessary to develop and apply more diverse ICT-based interventions that will prevent impairments of mobility and encourage older adults to live more independently, with a higher quality of life, based on extensive research on ICT-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyori Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahye Kim
- College of Nursing, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonghun Kim
- Robotics Lab, Hyundai Motor Company, Uiwang 16082, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ha
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Uematsu A, Tsuchiya K, Fukushima H, Hortobágyi T. Effects of Motor-Cognitive Dual-Task Standing Balance Exergaming Training on Healthy Older Adults' Standing Balance and Walking Performance. Games Health J 2023. [PMID: 36944151 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2022.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined the effects of motor-cognitive dual-task exergaming standing balance training on healthy older adults' static, dynamic, and walking balance. Methods: Twenty-four adults older than 70 years (control group: n = 9, males = 6, balance training group: n = 15, males = 8) completed the experiment. Dual-tasking standing balance training comprised the accurate control of a ping-pong ball on a tray held with both hands, while standing on one leg (analog training) and three modules of Wii Fit™ exergaming (digital training). The duration of balance training was ∼15 minutes per day, 2 days per week for 8 weeks, in total 16 sessions. We measured one-leg standing time, functional reach distance, walking balance evaluated by the distance walked on a narrow beam (4-cm long, 4-cm wide, and 2-cm high) with single and dual tasking, habitual and maximal walking speed, and muscle strength of the hip extensor, hip abductor, hip adductor, knee extensor, and plantarflexor muscle groups in the right leg at baseline and after 8 weeks. Results: Control group decreased, but balance training group increased one-leg standing time. Only the balance training group improved functional reach distance and hip and knee extensor strength. There was no change in walking speed and walking balance in either group. In the balance training group, changes in maximal speed correlated with changes in dual-tasking walking balance and changes in one-leg standing time correlated with changes in single-tasking walking balance. Conclusion: These results suggest that 16 sessions of motor-cognitive dual-task standing exergaming balance training substantially improved healthy older adults' static and dynamic balance and leg muscle strength but failed to improve walking speed and walking balance. Balance exercises specific to walking balance need to be included in balance training to improve walking balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Uematsu
- Faculty of Sociology, Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazushi Tsuchiya
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yoshioka Hospital, Tendo, Japan
| | | | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Department of Kinesiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- Somogy Country Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Káposvar, Hungary
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ivusza P, Hortobágyi T, Sebesi B, Gáspár B, Fésüs Á, Varga M, Malmos V, Váczi M. No Difference in the Acute Effects of Randomization vs. Blocking of Units of Lower-Extremity Proprioceptive Training on Balance and Postural Control in Young Healthy Male Adults. Front Physiol 2022; 13:824651. [PMID: 35557968 PMCID: PMC9086394 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.824651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Random practice is a form of differential learning and its favorable acute effects on motor performance are well described when visual tasks are practiced. However, no study to date has investigated the acute effects of differential learning using variable proprioceptive stimuli instead of the visual cues. The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of randomized versus blocked lower-extremity proprioceptive training stimuli on balance and postural adjustments. In two conditions, healthy young males (n = 15, age = 23 years) performed 16 one-legged landings on a board tilted in four directions: 1) tilt direction unknown and randomized and 2) tilt direction known with order of presentation blocked. Multi-segmental angular sway while balancing on an unstable surface and postural responses to perturbation stimulus by surface tilts were measured before and 4 min after training. Overall frontal-plane postural sway on the unstable surface decreased (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.022) in both conditions, while sagittal-plane postural sway remained unchanged. When the surface was toes-up tilted in the perturbation test, the sagittal-plane shank-thigh-pelvis alignment improved in both conditions (p < 0.05, η2 = 0.017), but the direction of the segmental positioning was non-uniform across participants. We conclude that randomization vs. blocking of units of lower-extremity proprioceptive training did not affect balance and postural control in our cohort of healthy young adults but the improvements were test-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Ivusza
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Center for Human Movement Sciences, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Balázs Sebesi
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gáspár
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám Fésüs
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mátyás Varga
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Vanessza Malmos
- Faculty of Humanities, Institute of English Studies, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márk Váczi
- Institution of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Kleschnitzki JM, Grossmann I, Beyer R, Beyer L. Modification in motor skills of seniors in care homes through serious games and the impact of corona conditions: a field study (Preprint). JMIR Serious Games 2022; 10:e36768. [PMID: 35536610 PMCID: PMC9094716 DOI: 10.2196/36768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Marina Kleschnitzki
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Grossmann
- Department of Science, All About Me GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Reinhard Beyer
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luzi Beyer
- Department of Quantitative Research Methods, Alice-Salomon University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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