1
|
Naderi Beni A, Dehghani A, Peyman M, Baghshahi S, Sattari N, Hoseinzadeh S. Evaluation of Ganglion Cell-Layer Complex and Macular Vessel Density in Amblyopic Eyes with Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2024; 42:66-80. [PMID: 38252490 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to compare and quantify the ganglion cell complex (GCC), macular thickness, and vessel density (VD) in amblyopic eyes and their corresponding fellow eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed 32 unilateral amblyopic patients, examining both of their eyes. The study assessed parameters such as GCC thickness, macular thickness (total, inner, and outer layers), and VD in the optic nerve and macular region using spectral-domain OCTA. Results: This study analyzed data from 30 unilateral amblyopic patients with a mean age of 28.7 ± 18.3 years. Amblyopic eyes had lower mean best-corrected visual acuity compared with healthy eyes. However, no significant differences were found in retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, GCC thickness, and overall retinal thickness between amblyopic and fellow eyes when accounting for factors such as axial length and signal strength index. In patients older than 30 years, amblyopic eyes had a higher global loss volume (GLV) compared with fellow eyes (p = 0.02). In addition, blood VD within the optic disc and superficial/deep capillary plexuses in different macular regions were significantly lower in amblyopic eyes compared with fellow eyes. Conclusions: This study found significant differences in VD and the GLV index between amblyopic eyes and healthy eyes, particularly in older patients. However, there were no notable differences in macular thickness and RNFL thickness. Further research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Naderi Beni
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Dehghani
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Peyman
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sajjad Baghshahi
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Niloofar Sattari
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Safoura Hoseinzadeh
- Isfahan Eye Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pekica D, Košič Knez N, Razboršek B, Pahor D. OCT-Angiography Findings in Children with Anisometropic Amblyopia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1519. [PMID: 37761480 PMCID: PMC10528469 DOI: 10.3390/children10091519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this prospective study is to show findings of OCT angiography in children with anisometropic amblyopia with a statistically significant difference, regardless of the type of refractive disorder, between the amblyopic and the fellow eye. This research aimed to establish whether there is a difference in vascular density [VD] and size of the foveal avascular zone [FAZ] in the superficial capillary plexus [SCP]. METHODS All children between 9 and 18 years of age who were treated at the Outpatient Clinic for Orthoptics and Pleoptics of the Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Maribor from January 2020 to December 2022 due to unilateral anisometric amblyopia were enrolled in our study. Fourteen children met the criteria. Cirrus 5000 high-resolution OCT with AngioPlex OCT angiography was used to analyze the size of the FAZ and VD in the SCP and TCS. The paired t-test or Wilcox signed-rank test [p < 0.05] was used for statistical analysis of each parameter between the amblyopic and fellow eye. RESULTS Mean child age was 13 years ± 2.9 and ranged from 9 to 18 years. Most of the children [85.7%] were boys. The VD of the SCP did not show statistically significant differences between the visually impaired and control eyes [p = 0.328]. The comparison of the FAZ area between the two eyes was also not statistically significant [p < 0.808]. There was also no statistically significant difference in central macular thickness [TCS] [p < 0.291]. CONCLUSIONS Our research results show no statistically significant differences in the VD and the FAZ of the SCP, and in the TCS between the amblyopic and fellow eye in children with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Our research did not confirm the results of certain previous studies in which a lower density of the capillary network was present in the visually impaired eye. Further studies with more children are necessary to confirm our results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Pekica
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.P.); (N.K.K.); (B.R.)
| | - Nina Košič Knez
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.P.); (N.K.K.); (B.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Razboršek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.P.); (N.K.K.); (B.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Dušica Pahor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (D.P.); (N.K.K.); (B.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska ulica 5, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim JG, Lee SY, Lee DC. Comparison of Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature Changes in Monocular Amblyopic and Non-amblyopic Eyes following Short-term Patch Occlusion Treatment. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:864-872. [PMID: 37272669 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2222231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to investigate whether there were differences in the short-term changes of retinal and choroidal microvasculature between amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes after patch occlusion treatment in patients with monocular amblyopia. Additionally, we aimed to determine if these changes were associated with improvements in clinical parameters. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, longitudinal paired-eye case-control study by analyzing the medical records of patients under the age of 12 who had monocular amblyopia and underwent patch occlusion treatment for a duration of 2 to 12 months. Using optical coherence tomography angiography images, we compared the foveal avascular zone width, retinal blood vessel density (VD), choroidal thickness (CT), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes before and after patch occlusion treatment. We analyzed the correlations between the aforementioned parameters and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and stereopsis. RESULTS Overall, 114 eyes from 57 patients were enrolled. At baseline, parafoveal superficial plexus VD, foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus VD (DCPD) were lower by 0.994 ± 3.312% (p = .026), 2.403 ± 8.273% (p = .033), and 2.469 ± 4.095% (p < .001), respectively; CT was thicker by 30.6 ± 90.7 μm (p = .014); and CVI was higher by 1.920 ± 3.432% (p < 001) in the amblyopic eyes than in the non-amblyopic eyes. Following short-term patch occlusion treatment, foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased by 1.264 ± 3.829% (p = .017) and 1.028 ± 3.662% (p = .036), respectively, CT thinned by 15.5 ± 51.5 μm (p = .019), and CVI decreased by 1.296 ± 3.997% (p = .018) in the amblyopic eyes. Following patch occlusion treatment, as the foveal DCPD decreased and CVI increased, the BCVA improved (p = .017 and .035, respectively). CONCLUSION Following patch occlusion treatment, increased foveal DCPD and decreased CVI were associated with improved BCVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youp Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JG, Lee SY, Lee DC. Short-term effects of occlusion therapy and optical correction on microvasculature in monocular amblyopia: a retrospective case-control study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12191. [PMID: 37500687 PMCID: PMC10374566 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective longitudinal case-control study investigated the short-term effects of patch occlusion treatment compared with optical correction on the microvasculature in monocular amblyopia. We included patients with monocular amblyopia treated for 2-12 months; they were classified into two groups according to the treatment regimen: patch occlusion or optical correction. Children aged < 12 years who presented to our clinic for examination without amblyopia diagnosis were enrolled as the control group. Changes in retinal and choroid microvasculature according to treatment were examined, and the correlation between changes in microvasculature and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated. There were 57, 35, and 41 patients in the patch occlusion, optical correction, and control groups, respectively (mean age, 6.4 ± 2.0 years). Both amblyopic groups showed changes in the foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus vessel density (DCPD), choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) following short-term treatment (mean, 4.5 months). In the patch occlusion group, BCVA improved as the foveal DCPD increased (P = 0.013) and the CVI decreased (P = 0.037). In the optical correction group, BCVA improved as the foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased (P = 0.009). Increased foveal DCPD following amblyopia treatment and decreased CVI by patch occlusion were associated with improved BCVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Gon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Youp Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Cheol Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Dongsan Medical Center, 1035 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Feng K, Yu X, Zhang J, Yang Z, Chen X, Kang G. Evaluation of Retinal Microvascular Features in Patients with Amblyopia Based on Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:862-877. [PMID: 36917963 DOI: 10.1159/000529857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The performance of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in macular microvasculature of patients with amblyopia has been widely studied, but these studies have yielded different and controversial results. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to investigate retinal microvascular features in patients with amblyopia undergoing OCTA. METHODS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for published articles comparing the retinal microvascular features between individuals with amblyopia and controls until April 2022. The mean difference with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess continuous variables. RESULTS The analysis included 17 studies. The whole vessel density of the superficial capillary plexus (SCPVD) was lower in amblyopic eyes (AE) than in normal eyes (NE) in 3 × 3 mm2 scans, while the perifoveal vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexus was lower in 6 × 6 mm2 scans. The whole, parafoveal vessel density of deep capillary plexus (DCPVD) and parafoveal SCPVD were lower in both scans. The comparison between AE and fellow eyes (FE) revealed no statistical difference in all quadrants except the parafoveal and perifoveal SCPVD and the foveal DCPVD. Additionally, SCPVD in all quadrants except the fovea and DCPVD in all quadrants except the parafoveal were higher in FE compared to NE. No significant difference was found in the foveal avascular area between AE and NE, AE and FE, or NE and FE. CONCLUSIONS The retinal vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexus in AE and FE was lower than in NE, and differences were more likely discovered using 6 × 6 mm2 scans. Consequently, OCTA might be explored as a diagnostic tool to identify and monitor patients with amblyopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangchun Feng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuelin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenghua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Gangjing Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rao T, Zou W, Hu X, He H, Luo W, You Z. Evaluation of retinal microcirculation alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with hyperopia ametropic amblyopia: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33196. [PMID: 36897692 PMCID: PMC9997812 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that there are controversial findings regarding vessel density in amblyopia, we quantified retinal microcirculation using optical coherence tomography angiography and compared it between hyperopic ametropic amblyopia eyes and age-matched control eyes. This case-control study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2022 at the Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China. Both groups included 72 eyes. Foveal avascular zone area, circularity and perimeter, perfusion density and vessel density of macular superficial retinal capillary plexus, macular thickness, macular volume, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness were compared between hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes and age-matched control eyes. Additionally, best-corrected visual acuity, maximum corneal curvature, minimum corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth were measured. In the hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes and control eyes, vessel density was 7.51 ± 2.13 and 9.91 ± 2.71 mm-1 in the central, 17.20 ± 1.38 and 18.25 ± 1.37 mm-1 in the inner, and 17.90 ± 0.88 and 18.43 ± 0.97 mm-1 in the full regions, respectively. The perfusion densities were 0.17 ± 0.06 and 0.23 ± 0.07 in the central, 0.41 ± 0.05 and 0.44 ± 0.03 in the inner, and 0.44 ± 0.03 and 0.46 ± 0.02 in the full regions, respectively. The central macular thicknesses of hyperopia ametropic amblyopia and control eyes were 240.04 ± 20.11 and 235.08 ± 24.41 µm, respectively. Foveal avascular zone perimeter and circularity (P < .043 and P = .001) significantly differed between the 2 groups. Hyperopia ametropic amblyopia eyes showed lower appreciably in vessel and perfusion densities, which could be one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms of hyperopia ametropic amblyopia and provide a new direction for the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Rao
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Zou
- Nanchang Hongdu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqin Hu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai He
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhipeng You
- Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nourinia R, Rajavi Z, Sabbaghi H, Hassanpour K, Ahmadieh H, Kheiri B, Rajabpour M. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Amblyopia. Strabismus 2022; 30:132-138. [PMID: 35822401 DOI: 10.1080/09273972.2022.2097705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To determine the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters including foveal avascular zone (FAZ) and vessel density (VD) in the amblyopic eyes compared with the fellow sound eyes and the eyes of the non-amblyopic subjects. In this case-control study, a total of 23 eyes from unilateral amblyopic children were included as cases. The sound eye of the amblyopic children was considered as the internal control and the right eyes of the non-amblyopic children were considered as the external control. All participants underwent image recording with OCTA. In the present study, an equal number of 23 unilateral amblyopic eyes and 23 right eyes of non-amblyopic age- and sex-matched children were included as the cases and controls, respectively. The average age of participants in the case and controls were 9.86 ± 3.12 and 8.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. Twelve patients (52.2%) in the case group and 14 subjects (60.9%) in the control group were female. Whole vascular density of the macula in superficial capillary plexuses (SCP) was significantly lower in the external controls compared with the other studied groups (P = .026). However, the VD of the deep capillary plexuses (DCP) was significantly greater in the external controls than cases and internal controls (P= .029). The average FAZ area was 0.26 ± 0.06 mm2 in amblyopic eyes that was significantly higher compared with fellow eyes (0.21 ± 0.07 mm2; P= .022), but it was not different with non-amblyopic eyes (0.22 ± 0.118 mm2). Based on our findings, there were no significant difference in the cases of foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal in both superficial and deep vascular densities among amblyopic and non-amblyopic eyes, whereas deep whole density of the amblyopic eyes showed lower percent compared to non-amblyopic ones that indicates decrease blood supply of the amblyopic eyes in this region. Additionally, FAZ was larger in amblyopic eyes than internal controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Nourinia
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Zhale Rajavi
- Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiana Hassanpour
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran.,Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Rajabpour
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang CC, Ji KB, Yu YF. Analysis of Retinal Microvasculature Features in Amblyopic Eyes: A Meta-Analysis. Ophthalmic Res 2022; 66:131-143. [PMID: 35998587 DOI: 10.1159/000526531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amblyopia is a common cause of visual disorder with several changes in retinal structure and vessel. To date, alterations in retinal microvasculature features in amblyopia have yielded inconsistent results. OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate retinal vessel density (VD) in amblyopic patients using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for published articles comparing retinal microvasculature characteristics in patients with amblyopia and controls. Continuous variable outcomes were assessed using the mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval. Review Manager Version 5.30 was used for the analysis. RESULTS Thirteen qualified articles were pooled in this meta-analysis. Compared with controls, the foveal whole en face VD of superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of patients as measured by 3 × 3-mm scans were significantly lower in amblyopia eyes (MD: -1.37, p = 0.0003; MD: 1.70, p < 0.00001, respectively). Similarly, in the 6 × 6-mm scans, foveal whole en face VD of the SCP and DCP were remarkably lower in amblyopia eyes than in controls (MD: -2.24, p = 0.03; MD: -5.08, p = 0.04, respectively). The parafoveal VD of SCP in 3 × 3-mm scans (MD: -1.96, p < 0.00001) was also lower in amblyopic patients than in controls. Similarly, in 6 × 6-mm scans, amblyopia eyes showed a significant decrease and a trending decrease in the parafoveal VD of the SCP (MD: -3.85, p = 0.007) and DCP (MD: -3.03, p = 0.10), respectively. For whole radial peripapillary capillary (RPC), VD was significantly reduced in amblyopic patients compared to controls (MD = -0.83, p < 0.00001). In addition, the deep foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was larger in amblyopic eyes than in the controls (MD = 0.55, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that whole foveal and parafoveal VD and RPC whole VD were reduced in patients with amblyopia. Moreover, our results reveal that the FAZ is larger in amblyopic patients. Consequently, OCTA may have the potential for diagnosing and monitoring patients with amblyopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Chao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai-Bao Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
| | - Yi-Feng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dong Y, Guo X, Arsiwala-Scheppach LT, Sharrett AR, Ramulu PY, Mihailovic A, Pan-Doh N, Mosley T, Coresh J, Abraham AG. Association of Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Retinal Features With Visual Function in Older Adults. JAMA Ophthalmol 2022; 140:809-817. [PMID: 35834267 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2022.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Importance Although there is abundant evidence relating neuronal and vascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) measures to retinal disease, data on the normative distribution of retinal features and their associations with visual function in a healthy, older, community-based population are sparse. Objectives To characterize the normative OCT and OCTA measures in older adults and describe their associations with visual function. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted from May 17, 2017, to May 31, 2019. The study included a community-based sample. Participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study from Jackson, Mississippi (all self-reported Black participants), and Washington County, Maryland (all self-reported White participants), were recruited in the Eye Determinants of Cognition study (EyeDOC). Data analyses were conducted from June 14, 2020, to May 31, 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures Retinal measurements, including retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness, macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, were captured with spectral-domain OCT and OCTA. Visual function, including presenting distance vision, corrected distance vision, near visual acuity (VA), and contrast sensitivity (CS), was assessed. Results A total of 759 participants (mean [SD] age, 80 [4.2] years; 480 female participants [63%]; 352 Black participants [46%]) were included in the study. Mean (SD) GCC thickness (89.2 [9.3] μm vs 92.3 [8.5] μm) and mean (SD) FAZ (0.36 [0.16] mm2 vs 0.26 [0.12] mm2) differed between Jackson and Washington County participants, respectively. Mean (SD) RNFL thickness and mean (SD) VD in SCP and DCP were greater for participants 80 years or younger than for participants older than 80 years (RNFL: ≤80 years, 93.2 [10.5] μm; >80 years, 91.1 [11.6] μm; VD SCP, ≤80 years, 44.3% [3.5%]; >80 years, 43.5% [3.8%]; VD DCP, ≤80 years, 44.7% [4.9%]; >80 years, 43.7% [4.8%]). Linear regression showed each 10-μm increment in RNFL thickness and GCC thickness was positively associated with 0.016 higher logCS among all participants (RNFL: 95% CI, 0.005-0.027; P = .004; GCC: 95% CI, 0.003-0.029; P = .02), with stronger associations among Jackson participants. The associations of VA and structural measures were found only in Jackson participants, with coefficients per 10-μm increment of 0.012 logMAR VA (RNFL: 95% CI, 0.000-0.023; P = .049) and 0.020 logMAR VA (GCC: 95% CI, 0.004-0.034; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, better CS was associated with greater RNFL thickness and GCC thickness, but no visual measures were associated with angiographic features overall. These findings suggest that clinical application of normative references for OCT- and OCTA-based measures should consider demographic and community features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xinxing Guo
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - A Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pradeep Y Ramulu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Aleksandra Mihailovic
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nathan Pan-Doh
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Thomas Mosley
- The MIND Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alison G Abraham
- Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu H, Zhang T, Yue T, Li X, Ma B, Liu H. Analysis of Optic Nerve in Adults With Amblyopia Using OCTA. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:903228. [PMID: 35911423 PMCID: PMC9330213 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.903228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to quantify and compare papillary and peripapillary vessel density in amblyopic eyes of adults and age-matched controls. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 20 eyes from 10 subjects with anisometropic amblyopia and 12 eyes of 6 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was performed on all participants. SPSS 20 was used for data analysis. Results The mean subject age was 35.7 ± 10.04 years (range 18–47) in the amblyopia group and 34.67 ± 6.92 years (range 23–42) in the control group. The diopter of amblyopia ranges from +3 to +5 ds. The mean inside optic disk capillary vessel density (CVD) was 41.88 ± 6.55% in amblyopic eyes, 49.23 ± 6.55% in fellow eyes, and 50.23 ± 4% in control eyes (p < 0.05). The mean inside optic disk all vessel density (AVD) was 52.97 ± 6.71% in amblyopic eyes, 59.87 ± 4.59% in fellow eyes, and 60.45 ± 2.8% in control eyes (p < 0.05). The amblyopic eye of participants showed a decrease in vessel density in the inside optic disk than in the fellow eyes and healthy subjects. Conclusion Our present study revealed lower vessel density inside the optic disc of adult patients with anisometropic amblyopia. However, further studies are really needed to determine the clinical relevance of this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Tonggang Zhang
- Department of Medical Device, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Gerontology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Bingfen Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Hongxia Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
- *Correspondence: Hongxia Liu
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Microvascular assessment of macula, choroid, and optic disk in children with unilateral amblyopia using OCT angiography. Int Ophthalmol 2022; 42:3923-3931. [PMID: 35790661 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the microvascular changes of macula, choroid, and optic disk in children with unilateral amblyopia. METHODS This prospective cross-sectional study involved 39 unilateral amblyopic children and 39 age- and sex-matched heathy participants who served as control. Vessel densities of the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, macular thickness, optic disk vessel density, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, choriocapillaris vessel density, and subfoveal choroidal thickness were evaluated by OCT angiography (OCTA). Meanwhile, the correlations of microvascular perfusion and structural changes of macula, choroid, and optic disk were analyzed. RESULTS The vessel density of SCP and DCP in the whole macula in the amblyopic group was significantly lower than that in the control group after adjusting for age, axial length, and spherical equivalents (all P < 0.05). FAZ area, macular thickness, RNFL thickness, and the optic disk vessel density were not statistically different between the amblyopic group and the control group (all P > 0.05). Subfoveal choroidal thickness of amblyopic eyes was significantly higher than that of control eyes(P = 0.032). Choriocapillaris flow void (FV) in the amblyopic group was greater than that in the control group (P = 0.013). Significant differences were observed between the fellow eyes and the control eyes in choriocapillaris FV and subfoveal choroidal thickness (P = 0.011 and P = 0.042, respectively). Foveal SCP and DCP vessel density in all studied eyes were positively correlated with the whole macular thickness, respectively (r = 0.556 and r = 0.627, respectively, both P < 0.001). Whole SCP and DCP vessel density in the amblyopic eyes were negatively correlated with choriocapillaris FV (r = -0.723, P < 0.001; r = -0.512, P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Children with amblyopic eyes have attenuated macular and choriocapillaris perfusion. There is a need for future studies that will investigate the pathophysiology of amblyopia in children by OCTA.
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiang L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Jiang S, Fei C, Wang Y, Bai Y, Zhang X, Li K, Shen X. Assessment of the retinal vasculature in healthy Chinese preschool children aged 4-6 years old using optical coherence tomography angiography. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:415. [PMID: 34856943 PMCID: PMC8638475 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-02154-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To establish normal parameters of macular and optic disc vasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in healthy preschool children aged 4-6 years old in China. OCTA reflects retinal metabolism and development in children at these ages and could be used clinically and in future studies to aid diagnosis and prediction of retinal abnormalities and developmental stagnation. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel density in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP); the deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and the radial capillary peripapillary (RPC) in the optic disc using investigational spectral-domain OCTA. The magnification effect of the FAZ area and microvasculature measurements was corrected by Littman and the modified Bennett formula. RESULTS A total of 242 eyes (116 males and 126 females, 5.31 ± 0.73 years) were recruited for the analysis. The mean macular vessel density was 48.10 ± 2.92% and 48.74 ± 6.51% in the SCP and the DCP, respectively. The RPC vessel density was 47.17 ± 2.52%, 47.99 ± 4.48%, and 48.41 ± 3.07% in the whole image, inside disc, and peripapillary, respectively; and the mean FAZ area was 0.28 ± 0.11 mm2. A significant difference between male and female participants was found in the retinal vasculature (DCP, SCP, and RPC). None of these parameters were significantly different in age (P > 0.05), except that DCP slightly increased with aging. The right and left eyes had good consistency in the parameters of the macula and optic disc. CONCLUSIONS Our study establishes the macular and optic disc OCTA reference values in 4- to 6-year-old healthy preschool children. They may be used in longitudinal OCTA studies and clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingming Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanwei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunli Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wuxi Branch of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pujari A, Saluja G, Chawla R, Samdani A, Phuljhele S, Saxena R. Optical coherence tomography angiography in amblyopia: A critical update on current understandings and future perspectives. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:1324-1332. [PMID: 34472984 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211042554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive tool to assess the retino-choroidal vasculature in vivo. It tracks the red blood cell movement and maps the vasculature in quick succession. In routine, diabetic retinopathy, age related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, and others are commonly being studied to unveil its clinic role. On the other hand, amblyopia is a condition where the visual acuity is subnormal due to non-organic causes in the eye. But the OCTA studies till now have shown variable changes along retino-choroidal vasculature. Hence, to comprehend the existing literature knowledge, a systematic literature search was carried out and the original works describing novel findings in amblyopic eyes on OCTA were included. Upon detailed assessment, firstly, the disturbed vasculature along superficial retinal plexus, deeper retinal plexus, and choroidal plexus were evident in most untreated amblyopic eyes. However, such changes were not uniform, which is due to noted heterogenic patient profile, small sample size, biometric biases, non-uniform algorithms, and other factors. And to note, even in presence of such diverse changes, almost all the authors stated a plausible explanation for their notable changes. Secondly, the utility of OCTA in identifying vascular changes with standard treatments and segregation of visual beneficiaries from non-beneficiaries were possible. Hence, to conclude, OCTA is a valuable tool which can provide valuable useful insights into the amblyopic eyes during pre and post treatment periods. However, to gather more concrete evidence for clinical benefits, systematic, homogenous, and better structured clinical studies are mandated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amar Pujari
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Saluja
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Chawla
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asha Samdani
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Swati Phuljhele
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Saxena
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fu D, Li M, Zeng L, Shang J, Yu Z, Zhou X. The role of magnification correction in macular vessel density assessment: a contralateral eye study in anisometropia patients. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:380. [PMID: 33842601 PMCID: PMC8033318 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Investigating the impact of magnification correction in macular vessel density using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in patients with anisometropia. Methods Cross-sectional study. Totally 47 patients (11 male, 36 female) aged >18 years with high myopia were analyzed. All patients underwent evaluation of visual acuity, subjective refraction, and axial length. Anisometropia (n=37) was defined as a refraction difference between paired eyes ≥0.75 D. The control group (n=10) consisted patients with a refraction difference ≤0.5 D. Superficial vessel density was performed using 3 mm × 3 mm Cirrus-HD OCTA protocol. The vessel length density (VLD) and foveal avascular zone area (FAZA) were analyzed before and after magnification correction using Bennett’s formula. Results The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was −10.54±3.47 D in the more myopic eye and −8.05±3.47 D in the contralateral eye (P<0.001). Before magnification correction, the mean perfusion density (PD) and VLD were both significantly lower in the more myopic eyes. After magnification correction, the VLD and PD did not differ between paired eyes. No statistical difference was found in terms of the FAZA between paired eyes regardless of magnification correction. The magnification-induced differences in both VLD and PD were positively correlated with the difference in SE (both r=0.86, P<0.001). Conclusions In OCTA analysis, magnification correction should be performed to reduce refraction error-induced image error, which deserves attention in the clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyan Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Shang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim JG, Lee SY, Lee DC. Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Vessels between Dominant and Non-dominant Eyes in Intermittent Exotropia. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.12.1507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Dereli Can G, Korkmaz MF, Can ME. Subclinical retinal microvascular alterations assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography in children with systemic hypertension. J AAPOS 2020; 24:147.e1-147.e6. [PMID: 32479999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) macular and peripapillary vessel density between children with high blood pressure and healthy subjects. METHODS A total of 40 eyes of 20 children with hypertension and 40 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Capillary vessel density (CVD) in superficial (SCP) and deep (DCP) retinal capillary plexus, peripapillary region, and FAZ were analyzed by optical coherence tomography angiography. RESULTS The mean ages were 15.2 ± 1.5 years (range, 10-18) in patients with hypertension and 14.4 ± 2.8 years (range, 10-18) in healthy controls (P = 0.742). The mean FAZ area measured 0.25 ± 0.10 mm2 in children with hypertension and 0.25 ± 0.09 mm2 in healthy controls (P = 0.765). There was no significant difference between study groups in any measure of the macular SCP (P > 0.05 for all); however, the mean whole image, inferior hemisphere, and para- and perifoveal measurements of the macular DCP were significantly lower in children with hypertension than in controls (P < 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Although there was no evidence of hypertensive retinopathy, subthreshold microvascular alterations were found in the DCP of the retinal circulation in pediatric hypertensives. These alterations should be considered as prognostic cues when defining whole systemic response to high blood pressure in childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Dereli Can
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Muhammet Furkan Korkmaz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Quantitative analysis of macular and peripapillary microvasculature in adults with anisometropic amblyopia. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:1765-1772. [PMID: 32200510 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the macular and peripapillary capillary vessel density (CVD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in amblyopic eyes of adults with their fellow eyes and with eyes of healthy controls using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A). METHODS A total of 34 eyes of 17 patients with anisometropic amblyopia and 80 eyes of 40 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were included. CVD in superficial (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexuses (DCP), peripapillary region, and FAZ were analyzed by OCT-A. RESULTS The median ages were 31 years (range 20-64) in patients with amblyopia and 34.5 years (range 24-65) in healthy controls (p = 0.242). The mean FAZ area measured was 0.329 ± 0.024 mm2 in amblyopic eyes, 0.332 ± 0.025 mm2 in fellow eyes, and 0.269 ± 0.015 mm2 in control eyes (p < 0.05). The amblyopic eye of participants showed a decrease in CVD of SCP and DCP (p < 0.001, for all). The inside optic disk CVD measurements were lower in the amblyopic eyes than in the fellow eyes (p = 0.001) and healthy subjects (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION Significant differences in macular and peripapillary microvasculature were found in anisometropic amblyopic patients. The clinical significance of the results requires further investigation.
Collapse
|