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Hussain MS, Moglad E, Bansal P, Kaur H, Deorari M, Almalki WH, Kazmi I, Alzarea SI, Singh M, Kukreti N. Exploring the oncogenic and tumor-suppressive roles of Circ-ADAM9 in cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 256:155257. [PMID: 38537524 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a recently identified category of closed continuous loop RNA transcripts, serving as a subset of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) with the capacity to modulate genes by acting as microRNA sponges. In the context of cancer growth, numerous investigations have explored the potential functions of circRNAs, revealing their diverse functions either as oncogenes, promoting cancer progression, or as tumor suppressors, mitigating disease development. Among these, circRNA ADAM9 (Circ-ADAM9) is now recognized as an important player in a variety of mechanisms, both physiological and pathological, especially in cancer. The aberrant expression of Circ-ADAM9 has been observed across multiple human malignancies, implying a significant involvement in tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to synthesize recent findings elucidating the function of Circ-ADAM9 in many malignancies. Additionally, the review explores the possibility of Circ-ADAM9 as a valuable biomarker, offering insights into its prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications. By summarizing the latest discoveries in this field, the review contributes to our understanding of the multifaceted contribution of Circ-ADAM9 in tumor biology and its potential applications in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Ehssan Moglad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Pooja Bansal
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics, Jain (Deemed-to-be) University, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560069, India; Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 303012, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh, Uttar Pradesh 247341, India; Department of Health & Allied Sciences, Arka Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand 831001, India
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, 72341, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahaveer Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMs, NMIMS University, Shirpur campus, Maharastra 425405, India
| | - Neelima Kukreti
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
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Zhang W, He Y, Zhang Y. CircRNA in ocular neovascular diseases: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106946. [PMID: 37797661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular disease (OND), characterized by the aberrant formation of immature blood vessels, is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. It is important to find effective ways to diagnose and treat these diseases. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of endogenous non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in regulating different biological processes. Due to their close association with ocular disease and angiogenesis, circRNAs have become a hotspot in OND research. In this review, we intensively investigate the possibility of using circRNAs in the management of ONDs. In general, angiogenesis is divided into five phases. On the basis of these five steps, we describe the potential of using circRNAs by introducing how they regulate angiogenesis. Subsequently, the interactions between circRNAs and ONDs, including pterygium, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity, are analyzed in detail. We also introduce the potential use of circRNAs as OND diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we summarize the prospects of using circRNAs as a potential strategy in OND management. The gaps in recent research are also pointed out with the purpose of promoting the introduction of circRNAs into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Jia X, Sun Y, Wang T, Zhong L, Deng J, Zhu X. Mechanism of circular RNA-mediated regulation of L-DOPA to improve wet age-related macular degeneration. Gene 2023; 861:147247. [PMID: 36736867 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of levodopa (L-DOPA) in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). A wet AMD cell model was created via CoCl2 treatment of ARPE-19 cells. The cytoprotective effects of L-DOPA in the model were determined using CCK-8, flow cytometry, TUNEL, qPCR, and ELISA assays. Subsequently, circRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs, which were overexpressed in ARPE-19 cells, to explore their role in wet AMD. The findings revealed that 200 μM CoCl2 treatment inhibited the cell viability and the production of tyrosinase, melanin, and pigment epithelium-derived growth factor but promoted apoptosis and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, 20 μM L-DOPA exerted the best therapeutic effect on the model. qPCR showed that Hsa_circ_0018401 (circ-SGMS1) was significantly differentially expressed in each experimental group, which was consistent with the sequencing results. The overexpression of circ-SGMS1 in ARPE-19 cells reversed the effects of CoCl2. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that circ-SGMS1 was expressed more in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. qPCR assays indicated that circ-SGMS1 overexpression did not have a significant effect on the expressions of VEGFA and KDR but significantly reduced the expressions of HIF-1a and THBS1. Circ-SGMS1 is of immense significance in the AMD treatment mechanism of L-DOPA. Overexpression of circ-SGMS1 may alleviate wet AMD by inhibiting HIF-1a and THBS1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhua Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Juan Deng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Tian H, Zhao L, Li H, Huang Y, Wang Y. Circular RNA in Retina: A Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Ophthalmic Res 2023; 66:516-528. [PMID: 36689924 DOI: 10.1159/000529207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a newly discovered noncoding RNA, which forms a closed ring with more than 200 bases in length. CircRNA is formed by back splicing of precursor RNA, and its expression abundance in body fluid is up to 10 times that of homologous linear transcripts. Recently, novel activities for circRNA in various diseases have emerged, ranging from cancer therapy and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we reviewed the literature on the biogenesis of circRNA and its relationship with retinal diseases in recent years. We first described the mechanism, existing form and main function of circRNA. Next, we also pinpoint that circRNA has great value in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal diseases represented by retinoblastoma, retinal degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. By this review, we hope to explore more possibilities of circRNA in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxiang Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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The Differential Expression of Circular RNAs and the Role of circAFF1 in Lens Epithelial Cells of High-Myopic Cataract. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030813. [PMID: 36769461 PMCID: PMC9918043 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
High-myopic cataract (HMC) is a complex cataract with earlier onset and more rapid progress than age-related cataract (ARC). Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been implicated in many diseases. However, their involvement in HMC remain largely unexplored. To investigate the role of dysregulated circRNAs in HMC, lens epithelium samples from 24 HMC and 24 ARC patients were used for whole transcriptome sequencing. Compared with ARC, HMC had 3687 uniquely expressed circRNAs and 1163 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcRs) (|log2FC| > 1, p < 0.05). A putative circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on correlation analysis. We validated the differential expression of 3 DEcRs by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using different sets of samples. We further investigated the role of circAFF1 in cultured lens epithelial cells (LECs) and found that the overexpression of circAFF1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and inhibited apoptosis. We also showed that circAFF1 upregulated Tropomyosin 1 (TPM1) expression by sponging miR-760, which was consistent with the network prediction. Collectively, our study suggested the involvement of circRNAs in the pathogenesis of HMC and provide a resource for further study on this topic.
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Hu Q, Zhang X, Sun M, jiang B, Zhang Z, Sun D. Potential epigenetic molecular regulatory networks in ocular neovascularization. Front Genet 2022; 13:970224. [PMID: 36118885 PMCID: PMC9478661 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.970224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neovascularization is one of the many manifestations of ocular diseases, including corneal injury and vascular diseases of the retina and choroid. Although anti-VEGF drugs have been used to effectively treat neovascularization, long-term use of anti-angiogenic factors can cause a variety of neurological and developmental side effects. As a result, better drugs to treat ocular neovascularization are urgently required. There is mounting evidence that epigenetic regulation is important in ocular neovascularization. DNA methylation and histone modification, non-coding RNA, and mRNA modification are all examples of epigenetic mechanisms. In order to shed new light on epigenetic therapeutics in ocular neovascularization, this review focuses on recent advances in the epigenetic control of ocular neovascularization as well as discusses these new mechanisms.
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Sun L, Liu J, Sun X, Zhang Y, Cui X. CircTRHDE knockdown protects WI-38 cells against LPS-induced inflammatory injury. Autoimmunity 2022; 55:233-242. [PMID: 35481453 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2022.2062595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the progression of infantile pneumonia. Here, we investigated the function of circTRHDE in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cell inflammatory injury to evaluate its role in infantile pneumonia progression. METHODS The circTRHDE, microRNA (miR)-381-3p and TNF-receptor associated factor 3 (TRAF3) expression were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. LPS-induced WI-38 cells were used to construct an inflammatory injury model. Cell viability, inflammation and apoptosis were measured by cell counting kit assay, ELISA assay and flow cytometry. Caspase3 activity, MDA level and SOD activity were analysed to assess cell apoptosis and oxidative stress. Protein levels were determined using western blot analysis. The interaction between miR-381-3p and circTRHDE or TRAF3 was confirmed by dual-luciferase activity assay and RNA pull-down assay. RESULTS CircTRHDE had increased expression in infantile pneumonia patients and LPS-induced WI-38 cells. LPS treatment inhibited WI-38 cell viability while promoting inflammation, apoptosis and oxidative stress. However, knockdown of circTRHDE remitted LPS-triggered WI-38 cell injury. CircTRHDE could sponge miR-381-3p to positively regulate TRAF3 expression. MiR-381-3p suppressed LPS-induced WI-38 cell inflammatory injury, and this effect was revoked by TRAF3 overexpression. Also, LPS-induced WI-38 cell inflammatory injury restrained by circTRHDE knockdown also were reversed by miR-318-3p inhibitor or TRAF3 overexpression. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that circTRHDE might be a target for infantile pneumonia treatment, which relieved LPS-induced cell inflammatory injury by the regulation of the miR-318-3p/TRAF3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jingyan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinfang Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Du SW, Palczewski K. MicroRNA regulation of critical retinal pigment epithelial functions. Trends Neurosci 2021; 45:78-90. [PMID: 34753606 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are short, evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs that are critical for the control of normal cellular physiology. In the retina, photoreceptors are highly specialized neurons that transduce light into electrical signals. Photoreceptors, however, are unable to process visual stimuli without the support of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The RPE performs numerous functions to aid the retina, including the generation of visual chromophore and metabolic support. Recent work has underscored how microRNAs enable vision through their contributions to RPE functions. This review focuses on the biogenesis and control of microRNAs in rodents and humans, the roles microRNAs play in RPE function and degeneration, and how microRNAs could serve as potential therapeutics and biomarkers for visual diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel W Du
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Center for Translational Vision Research, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, CA, USA.
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Li Y, Cai Y, Huang Q, Tan W, Li B, Zhou H, Wang Z, Zou J, Ding C, Jiang B, Yoshida S, Zhou Y. Altered Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome in a Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:738796. [PMID: 34512615 PMCID: PMC8427291 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the defining feature of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Gut microbiota might be deeply involved in the pathogenesis of nAMD. This study aimed to reveal the roles of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolome in a mouse model of laser-induced CNV. Methods The feces of C57BL/6J mice with or without laser-induced CNV were collected. Multi-omics analyses, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics, were conducted to analyze the changes in the gut microbial composition and the fecal metabolomic profiles in CNV mice. Results The gut microbiota was significantly altered in CNV mice. The abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was significantly upregulated in the feces of CNV mice, while 16 genera, including Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group, Candidatus_Soleaferrea, and Truepera, were significantly more abundant in the controls than in the CNV group. Fecal metabolomics identified 73 altered metabolites (including 52 strongly significantly altered metabolites) in CNV mice compared to control mice. Correlation analysis indicated significant correlations between the altered fecal metabolites and gut microbiota genera, such as Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001 and Candidatus_Saccharimonas. Moreover, KEGG analysis revealed six pathways associated with these altered metabolites, such as the ABC transporter, primary bile acid biosynthesis and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways. Conclusion The study identified an altered fecal microbiome and metabolome in a CNV mouse model. The altered microbes, metabolites and the involved pathways might be associated with the pathogenesis of nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yuting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Haixiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Zicong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jingling Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yedi Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, China
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Liu Y, Di G, Hu S, Zhao T, Xu X, Wang X, Chen P. Expression Profiles of CircRNA and mRNA in Lacrimal Glands of AQP5 -/- Mice With Primary Dry Eye. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1010. [PMID: 33013441 PMCID: PMC7497440 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This work aimed to identify differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) and elucidate their potential function in aquaporin 5 (AQP5) knockout (AQP5–/–) mice with the primary dry eye phenotype. Methods: A slit lamp examination was performed on AQP5–/– mice to assess corneal epithelial defects using fluorescein sodium staining. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy analysis were performed to identify structural changes in lacrimal gland epithelial cells due to AQP5 deficiency. The expression profiles of circRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) were determined by a microarray analysis. The selected circRNA was verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to predict the biological functions and the potential pathways of parental genes involved in lacrimal gland epithelial cell changes. According to the bioinformatics analysis of identified circRNAs, we predicted a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network of phagosomes. Results: The AQP5–/– mice spontaneously exhibit dry eye symptoms, wherein the AQP5 deficiency changes the structure of lacrimal gland epithelial cells. The analysis revealed that, compared to AQP5+/+ mice, 30 circRNAs in the lacrimal glands of AQP5–/– mice were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2.0, p < 0.05). Nine upregulated circRNAs were identified using qRT-PCR, and nine upregulated validated circRNAs, 40 altered microRNAs (miRNAs), and nine upregulated mRNAs were identified through a network analysis. The KEGG analysis showed that these nine target genes were expressed in phagosomes. Conclusion: The AQP5–/– mice have primary and stable dry eye phenotypes from birth. We identified differently expressed circRNAs in the lacrimal glands of AQP5–/– and AQP5+/+ mice, predicting a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA network of phagosomes. CircRNA likely plays an important role in lacrimal gland epithelial cell pathogenesis. Therefore, it is reasonable to use circRNA as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of dry eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guohu Di
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinkai Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Zhang C, Hu J, Yu Y. CircRNA Is a Rising Star in Researches of Ocular Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:850. [PMID: 33015046 PMCID: PMC7494781 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly rediscovered subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), is produced by a back-splicing mechanism with a covalently closed loop structure. They not only serve as the sponge for microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins but also regulate gene expression and epigenetic modification, translate into peptides, and generate pseudogenes. Dysregulation of circRNA expression has opened a new chapter in the etiology of various human disorders, including cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and ocular diseases. Recent studies recognized the vital roles that circRNAs played in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases, highlighting circRNAs as promising biomarkers for diagnosis and assessment of progression and prognosis. Interventions targeting circRNAs provide insights for developing novel treatments for these ocular diseases. This review summarizes our current perception of the properties, biogenesis, and functions of circRNAs and the development of circRNA researches related to ophthalmologic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, glaucoma, corneal neovascularization, cataract, pterygium, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, retinoblastoma, and ocular melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshou Zhang
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Hu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jiande Branch, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Yu
- Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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