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Gao J, Wang C, Zhang J, Shawuti Z, Wang S, Ma C, Wang J. CircZNF609 inhibits miR-150-5p to promote high glucose-induced damage to retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112261. [PMID: 38679361 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is a key contributor to diabetic macrovascular and ocular complications. It triggers a cascade of cellular damage, particularly in the retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RMECs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain only partially understood. This study hypothesizes that CircZNF609 plays a pivotal role in mediating high glucose-induced damage in RMECs by modulating miR-150-5p and its downstream target genes, thereby affecting cellular survival, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Gene expression datasets (GSE193974 and GSE160308) and clinical samples were used to investigate the expression levels of CircZNF609 and its interaction with miR-150-5p in the context of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our results demonstrate that CircZNF609 is upregulated in both peripheral blood stem cells from DR patients and high glucose-stimulated hRMECs. Functional experiments reveal that silencing CircZNF609 improves cell viability, reduces apoptosis, inhibits tube formation, and modulates oxidative stress markers, whereas CircZNF609 overexpression exacerbates these effects. Moreover, miR-150-5p, a microRNA, was found to be negatively regulated by CircZNF609 and downregulated in DR. Its overexpression mitigates high glucose-induced cell injury. Our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby CircZNF609 exacerbates high glucose-induced endothelial cell damage by sponging miR-150-5p, implicating the CircZNF609/miR-150-5p axis as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Zulifeiya Shawuti
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Cunhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Xiang XH, Wei J, Wang XF, Xu Q, Yu CL, He CL, Long T, Guo MS, Chen X, Zhou XG, Wu JM, Qin DL, Wu AG, Tang Y, Lv HB. Lychee seed polyphenol ameliorates DR via inhibiting inflammasome/apoptosis and angiogenesis in hRECs and db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115478. [PMID: 37703661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood retinal barrier (BRB) damage is an important pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and alleviating BRB damage has become a key target for DR treatment. We previously found that Lycopene seed polyphenols (LSP) maintained BRB integrity by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammation. However, it is still unknown whether LSP inhibits retinal neovascularization with abnormal capillaries and its mechanism of action. Here, we employed db/db mice and hRECs to find that LSP increases the level of glycolipid metabolism, maintains the morphology of retinal endothelial cells and inhibits acellular capillary neogenesis. Mechanistic studies revealed that LSP inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome, reduces cell apoptosis in retinal tissue, increases tight junction protein (TJ) expression, and reduces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ve-Cadherin in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, this study finds that LSP inhibits inflammation and angiogenesis to improve BRB function to ameliorate DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hong Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Eye School and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Ophthalmopathy Prevention & Cure and Visual Function Protection of Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy School of Preclinical Medicine Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy School of Preclinical Medicine Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Chang-Long He
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Tao Long
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Ming-Song Guo
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy School of Preclinical Medicine Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Yong Tang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine of Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Lv
- Department of Ophthalmology in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Zhang W, He Y, Zhang Y. CircRNA in ocular neovascular diseases: Fundamental mechanism and clinical potential. Pharmacol Res 2023; 197:106946. [PMID: 37797661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Ocular neovascular disease (OND), characterized by the aberrant formation of immature blood vessels, is the leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. It is important to find effective ways to diagnose and treat these diseases. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a group of endogenous non-coding RNA that play a crucial role in regulating different biological processes. Due to their close association with ocular disease and angiogenesis, circRNAs have become a hotspot in OND research. In this review, we intensively investigate the possibility of using circRNAs in the management of ONDs. In general, angiogenesis is divided into five phases. On the basis of these five steps, we describe the potential of using circRNAs by introducing how they regulate angiogenesis. Subsequently, the interactions between circRNAs and ONDs, including pterygium, corneal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and retinopathy of prematurity, are analyzed in detail. We also introduce the potential use of circRNAs as OND diagnostic biomarkers. Finally, we summarize the prospects of using circRNAs as a potential strategy in OND management. The gaps in recent research are also pointed out with the purpose of promoting the introduction of circRNAs into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yuxi He
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, 2nd Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Haydinger CD, Oliver GF, Ashander LM, Smith JR. Oxidative Stress and Its Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1649. [PMID: 37627644 PMCID: PMC10451779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the retinal disease associated with hyperglycemia in patients who suffer from type 1 or type 2 diabetes. It includes maculopathy, involving the central retina and characterized by ischemia and/or edema, and peripheral retinopathy that progresses to a proliferative stage with neovascularization. Approximately 10% of the global population is estimated to suffer from diabetes, and around one in 5 of these individuals have diabetic retinopathy. One of the major effects of hyperglycemia is oxidative stress, the pathological state in which elevated production of reactive oxygen species damages tissues, cells, and macromolecules. The retina is relatively prone to oxidative stress due to its high metabolic activity. This review provides a summary of the role of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy, including a description of the retinal cell players and the molecular mechanisms. It discusses pathological processes, including the formation and effects of advanced glycation end-products, the impact of metabolic memory, and involvements of non-coding RNA. The opportunities for the therapeutic blockade of oxidative stress in diabetic retinopathy are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Justine R. Smith
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia; (C.D.H.); (G.F.O.); (L.M.A.)
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Yin W, Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Li X, Luo S, Zhou Z. Circular RNAs in diabetes and its complications: Current knowledge and future prospects. Front Genet 2022; 13:1006307. [PMID: 36386812 PMCID: PMC9643748 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1006307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of non-coding RNA transcripts called circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been the subject of significant recent studies. Accumulating evidence points that circRNAs play an important role in the cellular processes, inflammatory expression, and immune responses through sponging miRNA, binding, or translating in proteins. Studies have found that circRNAs are involved in the physiologic and pathologic processes of diabetes. There has been an increased focus on the relevance of between abnormal circRNA expression and the development and progression of various types of diabetes and diabetes-related diseases. These circRNAs not only serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic molecular biomarkers, but also have important biological roles in islet cells, diabetes, and its complications. In addition, many circRNA signaling pathways have been found to regulate the occurrence and development of diabetes. Here we comprehensively review and discuss recent advances in our understanding of the physiologic function and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs on pancreatic islet cells, different subtypes in diabetes, and diabetic complications.
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Bertelli PM, Pedrini E, Hughes D, McDonnell S, Pathak V, Peixoto E, Guduric-Fuchs J, Stitt AW, Medina RJ. Long term high glucose exposure induces premature senescence in retinal endothelial cells. Front Physiol 2022; 13:929118. [PMID: 36091370 PMCID: PMC9459081 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.929118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Features of cellular senescence have been described in diabetic retinal vasculature. The aim of this study was to investigate how the high glucose microenvironment impacts on the senescence program of retinal endothelial cells. Methods: Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were cultured under control and high glucose conditions of 5 mM and 25 mM D-glucose, respectively. Isomeric l-glucose was used as the osmotic control. Cells were counted using CASY technology until they reached their Hayflick limit. Senescence-associated β-Galactosidase was used to identify senescent cells. Endothelial cell functionality was evaluated by the clonogenic, 3D tube formation, and barrier formation assays. Cell metabolism was characterized using the Seahorse Bioanalyzer. Gene expression analysis was performed by bulk RNA sequencing. Retinal tissues from db/db and db/+ mice were evaluated for the presence of senescent cells. Publicly available scRNA-sequencing data for retinas from Akimba and control mice was used for gene set enrichment analysis. Results: Long term exposure to 25 mM D-Glucose accelerated the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal endothelial cells when compared to 5 mM D-glucose and osmotic controls. This was shown from 4 weeks, by a significant slower growth, higher percentages of cells positive for senescence-associated β-galactosidase, an increase in cell size, and lower expression of pRb and HMGB2. These senescence features were associated with decreased clonogenic capacity, diminished tubulogenicity, and impaired barrier function. Long term high glucose-cultured cells exhibited diminished glycolysis, with lower protein expression of GLUT1, GLUT3, and PFKFB3. Transcriptomic analysis, after 4 weeks of culture, identified downregulation of ALDOC, PFKL, and TPI1, in cells cultured with 25 mM D-glucose when compared to controls. The retina from db/db mice showed a significant increase in acellular capillaries associated with a significant decrease in vascular density in the intermediate and deep retinal plexuses, when compared to db/+ mice. Senescent endothelial cells within the db/db retinal vasculature were identified by senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Analysis of single cell transcriptomics data for the Akimba mouse retina highlighted an enrichment of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene signatures when compared to control mice. Conclusion: A diabetic-like microenvironment of 25 mM D-glucose was sufficient to accelerate the establishment of cellular senescence in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reinhold J. Medina
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health, and Life Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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