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Size reduction performance evaluation of HPGR/ball mill and HPGR/stirred mill for PGE bearing chromite ore. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2022.103907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Peng K, Vora LK, Tekko IA, Permana AD, Domínguez-Robles J, Ramadon D, Chambers P, McCarthy HO, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. Dissolving microneedle patches loaded with amphotericin B microparticles for localised and sustained intradermal delivery: Potential for enhanced treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. J Control Release 2021; 339:361-380. [PMID: 34619227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal infections affect millions of people globally and are often unreceptive to conventional topical or oral preparations because of low drug bioavailability at the infection site, lack of sustained therapeutic effect, and the development of drug resistance. Amphotericin B (AmB) is one of the most potent antifungal agents. It is increasingly important since fungal co-infections associated with COVID-19 are frequently reported. AmB is only administered via injections (IV) and restricted to life-threatening infections due to its nephrotoxicity and administration-related side effects. In this work, we introduce, for the first time, dissolving microneedle patches (DMP) loaded with micronised particles of AmB to achieve localised and long-acting intradermal delivery of AmB for treatment of cutaneous fungal infections. AmB was pulverised with poly (vinyl alcohol) and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) to form micronised particles-loaded gels, which were then cast into DMP moulds to form the tips. The mean particle size of AmB in AmB DMP tips after pulverisation was 1.67 ± 0.01 μm. This is an easy way to fabricate and load microparticles into DMP, as few steps are required, and no organic solvents are needed. AmB had no covalent chemical interaction with the excipients, but the crystallinity of AmB was reduced in the tips. AmB was completely released from the tips within 4 days in vitro. AmB DMP presented inhibition of Candida albicans (CA) and the killing rate of AmB DMP against CA biofilm inside porcine skin reached 100% within 24 h. AmB DMP were able to pierce excised neonatal porcine skin at an insertion depth of 301.34 ± 46.86 μm. Ex vivo dermatokinetic and drug deposition studies showed that AmB was mainly deposited in the dermis. An in vivo dermatokinetic study revealed that the area under curve (AUC0-inf) values of AmB DMP and IV (Fungizone® bolus injection 1 mg/kg) groups were 8823.0 d∙μg/g and 33.4 d∙μg/g, respectively (264-fold higher). AmB remained at high levels (219.07 ± 102.81 μg/g or more) in the skin until 7 days after the application of AmB DMP. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies showed that AmB concentration in plasma, kidney, liver, and spleen in the AmB DMP group was significantly lower than that in the IV group. Accordingly, this system addressed the systemic side effects of intravenous injection of AmB and localised the drug inside the skin for a week. This work establishes a novel, easy and effective method for long-acting and localised intradermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Faculty of Pharmacy, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Delly Ramadon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Philip Chambers
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom.
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Uçurum M, Özdemir A, Teke Ç, Tekin İ. A novel approach to finding optimum operating conditions of design factors for the grinding experiment. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2019.1683663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Metin Uçurum
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Akın Özdemir
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Teke
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Bayburt University, Bayburt, Turkey
| | - İlker Tekin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
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Kinetics of Dry-Batch Grinding in a Laboratory-Scale Ball Mill of Sn–Ta–Nb Minerals from the Penouta Mine (Spain). METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of processing plants is one of the main concerns in the mining industry, since the comminution stage, a fundamental operation, accounts for up to 70% of total energy consumption. The aim of this study was to determine the effects that ball size and mill speed exert on the milling kinetics over a wide range of particle sizes. This was done through dry milling and batch grinding tests performed on two samples from the Penouta Sn–Ta–Nb mine (Galicia, Spain), and following Austin methodology. In addition, the relationships amongst Sn, Ta and Nb content, as metals of interest, the specific rate of breakage Si, the kinetic parameters, and the operational conditions were studied through X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. The results show that, overall, the specific rate of breakage Si decreases with decreasing feed particle size and increasing ball size for most of the tested conditions. A selection function, αT, was formulated on the basis of the ball size for both Penouta mine samples. Finally, it was found that there does exist a direct relationship amongst Sn, Ta and Nb content, as metals of interest, in the milling product, the specific rate of breakage Si and the operational–mineralogical variables of ball size, mill speed and feed particle size.
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Bu X, Chen Y, Ma G, Sun Y, Ni C, Xie G. Differences in dry and wet grinding with a high solid concentration of coking coal using a laboratory conical ball mill: Breakage rate, morphological characterization, and induction time. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2019.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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