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Roy O, Roy Choudhury S, Chakraborty R. Life cycle assessment of waste printed wiring board-derived Ag photocatalyst for sustainable fermentable sugar production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25506-25522. [PMID: 35334057 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An exploratory work involving waste printed wiring board (WPWB)-derived inexpensive silver oxide (Ag2O)-grafted silica-alumina composite photocatalyst (SAA) using quartz halogen and UVA irradiations (QHUV) (wavelength: 315 nm-1000 nm) has been revealed. The efficacy of the novel SAA photocatalyst was assessed in the synthesis of fermentable sugar (FS) by photo-hydrolysis of pure crystalline cellulose (PCC) in the QHUV-assisted batch reactor (QHUVBR), and the process parameters (5% AgNO3 doping, 7.5% catalyst concentration, 20 min PH time, and 80 °C PH temperature) were optimized using Taguchi orthogonal array design. The BET analysis of the optimal SAA catalyst possessed high surface area (27.24 m2/g), high pore volume, and pore diameter (0.042 cc/g and 13.1684 nm), respectively, whereas the XRD indicated the presence of significant crystalline phases of Ag2O. EDS mapping displayed the uniform distribution of silver active sites on silica-alumina support of the optimal SAA photocatalyst. The optimized parametric conditions in QHUVBR resulted in a maximum FS yield of 77.53% which was significantly higher compared to that achieved (34.52%) in a conventionally heated batch reactor (CHBR). Besides, the energy consumption was 75% more in CHBR (600 W) in comparison with QHUVBR (150 W), making the process energy-efficient and cost-effective. The environmental sustainability could be ascertained from the life cycle assessment (LCA) study in terms of low climate change, ionizing radiation, metal depletion, human toxicity, and other potential indicator values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oindrila Roy
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | | | - Rajat Chakraborty
- Chemical Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Kumari R, Samadder SR. A critical review of the pre-processing and metals recovery methods from e-wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115887. [PMID: 35933880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
E-wastes being potential sources of numerous valuable metals are promoted to undergo recycling and recovery under the umbrella of urban mining and circular economy. Thus, the present study provides a critical review of the technological details of different metal recycling processes, pre-treatment methods, and the advancements made in these techniques. Critical evaluation of different metal recovery techniques has also been presented based on the available life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic, and industrial-scale studies. The study revealed that the integrated metal recovery techniques serve better in terms of recovery efficiency and environmental performance than any single recovery technique. Also, scaling up of biometallurgical, electrochemical, and super critical fluid extraction methods needs to be promoted due to their better environmental performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Sukha Ranjan Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Willner J, Fornalczyk A, Jablonska-Czapla M, Grygoyc K, Rachwal M. Studies on the Content of Selected Technology Critical Elements (Germanium, Tellurium and Thallium) in Electronic Waste. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133722. [PMID: 34279300 PMCID: PMC8269855 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The article draws attention to the problem of the presence of metals: germanium (Ge), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), and others (Cd, Ba, Co, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) in selected waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). As a result of the growing demand for new technologies, the global consumption of TECs has also been increasing. Thus, the amount of metals in circulation, of which the impacts on the environment have not yet been fully understood, is constantly increasing. Due to the low content of these metals in WEEE, they are usually ignored during e-waste analyses. The main aim of this study was to determine the distribution of Ge, Te, and Tl (and other elements) in ground sieve fractions (1.0, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mm) of selected electronic components (solar lamps, solar cell, LED TV screens, LCD screens, photoresistors, photodiodes, phototransistors) and to determine the possible tendency of the concentrations of these metals in fractions. This problem is particularly important because WEEE recycling processes (crushing, grinding, and even collection and transport operations) can lead to dispersion and migration of TCE pollutants into the environment. The quantitative composition of e-waste was identified and confirmed by ICP-MS, ICP-OES and SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses. It was found that Ge, Te, and Tl are concentrated in the finest fractions of ground e-waste, together with Cd and Cr, which may favor the migration of these pollutants in the form of dust during storage and processing of e-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Willner
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Fornalczyk
- Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdalena Jablonska-Czapla
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.-C.); (K.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Katarzyna Grygoyc
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.-C.); (K.G.); (M.R.)
| | - Marzena Rachwal
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland; (M.J.-C.); (K.G.); (M.R.)
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Ellamparuthy G, Angadi SI, Rao DS, Ghosh MK, Basu S. Separation and characterization studies of end-of-life mobile printed circuit boards. PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/02726351.2020.1756547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Ellamparuthy
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S. I. Angadi
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - D. S. Rao
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - M. K. Ghosh
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - S. Basu
- AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
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Yan G, Guo J, Zhu G, Zhang Z, Zhao P, Xiangnan Z, Zhang B. Liberation enhancement and copper enrichment improvement for waste printed circuit boards by heating pretreatment. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 106:145-154. [PMID: 32217443 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Crushing is the key part for the recycling technology of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this study, the breakage and liberation effects of WPCBs was improved by heat pretreatment technology before crushing (HPBC). Based on the test results, 200 °C was found as the safe temperature for the HPBC of WPCBs. The fracture mode, particle size distribution, and enrichment characteristics of WPCBs were systematically studied. The experimental results show that the HPBC changed the breakage mode from longitudinal fracture to horizontal fracture and improved the liberation of metal from non-metal components. During the crushing process, the increase in the heat pretreatment time (30-120 min) and temperature (100-200 °C) can improve the crushing effect of WPCBs and increase the content of crushing products of -0.3 mm by 3.16% and 5.64%, respectively. Compared to the non-metallic components, the metal components have ductility and are difficult to break into -0.3 mm during the crushing process. HPBC can promote copper enrichment to narrow grain size. In the 0.3-1 mm range, the content of copper increased from 47.87% to 57.61%, an increase by 9.74%. The initial enrichment of copper was achieved by adjusting the crushing time. The recovery rate of copper can reach 85.66%, and the enrichment rate is 1.74 when 0.3-2 mm breaking product is used as enrichment. Therefore, HPBC can effectively improve the crushing and liberation effect of WPCBs and improve the enrichment rate, and thus is an effective pretreatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Junwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Guangqing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China
| | - Zhu Xiangnan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization of Ministry of Education, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, China.
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Barman S, Chakraborty R. Printed Circuit Board-Derived Glass Fiber-Epoxy Resin-Supported Mo-Cu Bimetallic Catalyst for Glucose Synthesis. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:18499-18509. [PMID: 31458422 PMCID: PMC6643727 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A glass fiber-epoxy resin (GFER) framework derived from mixed waste printed circuit boards (MWPCBs) was utilized to prepare a cost-effective, reusable Mo-Cu bimetallic Bronsted-Lewis solid acid catalyst through wet-impregnation under near-infrared radiation (NIRR) activation. The efficacy of the novel Mo-Cu catalyst was assessed in the synthesis of glucose through hydrolysis of jute (Corchorus olitorius) fiber, and the process parameters were optimized (Mo precursor loading: 1.0 wt %, catalyst concentration: 5 wt %, hydrolysis temperature: 80 °C, and hydrolysis time: 10 min) through Taguchi orthogonal design. The GFER support and the prepared catalysts were characterized through thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET)-density functional theory, and TPD analyses. The optimal Mo-Cu catalyst and the GFER support possessed 45.377 and 7.049 m2/g BET area, 0.04408 and 0.02317 cc/g pore volume, 1.9334 and 0.7482 nm modal pore size, and surface acidity of 0.48 and 0.40 mmol NH3/g catalyst, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy bands confirmed the coexistence of Mo6+ and Cu2+ species; XRD and FTIR analyses indicated the presence of MoO3 and CuO crystalline phases in all prepared catalysts. The optimal catalyst prepared through NIRR (wavelength 0.75-1.4 μm)-activated hydrothermal treatment resulted in a significantly greater glucose yield (75.84 mol %) than that achieved (53.64 mol %) using a conventionally prepared catalyst. Thus, an energy-efficient application of NIRR (100 W) could significantly improve catalytic properties over conventional hydrothermal treatment (500 W). The present investigation provides an innovative application of MWPCB-derived GFER as a promising cost-effective support for the preparation of highly efficient inexpensive solid catalysts for sustainable synthesis of glucose from low-cost waste jute fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Barman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rajat Chakraborty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
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Complete Recycling of Composite Material Comprising Polybutylene Terephthalate and Copper. RECYCLING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/recycling2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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