Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Aerva lanata and their biomedical applications

A systematic review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plants extract and their bio-medical applications

Nanoparticles have recently become considered as a crucial player in contemporary medicine, with therapeutic uses ranging from contrast agents in imaging to carriers for the transport of drugs and genes into a specific target. Nanoparticles have the ability to have more precise molecular interactions with the human body in order to target specific cells and tissues with minimal adverse effects and maximal therapeutic outcomes. With the least number of side effects and the greatest possible therapeutic benefit, nanoparticles can target particular cells and tissues through more precise molecular interactions with the human body. The majority of global public health problems are now treated with green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which substantially affect the fundamental structure of DNA and proteins and thus display their antimicrobial action. AgNPs can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells and induce oxidative stress. By inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (HIF)-1, pro-inflammatory mediators generated by silver nanoparticles are reduced, mucin hypersecretion is lessened, and gene activity is subsequently regulated to prevent infections. The biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using various plants and their applications in antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic activities have been extensively discussed in this article. Also, because only natural substances are utilized in the manufacturing process, the particles that are created naturally are coated, stabilized, and play a vital role in these biomedical actions. The characterization of AgNPs, possibility of preparing AgNPSs with different shapes using biological method and their impact on functions and toxicities, impact of size, shape and other properties on AgNPs functions and toxicity profiles, limitations, and future prospects of green-mediated AgNPs have also been reported in this study. The major goal of this study is to provide readers with a comprehensive, informed, and up-to-date summary of the various AgNPs production and characterization methods and their under-investigational antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer, antidiabetic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. This review provides instructions and suggestions for additional studies based on AgNPs. This evaluation also pushes researchers to look into natural resources like plant parts in order to create useful nanobiotechnology.

Process optimization for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Rubus discolor leaves extract and its biological activities against multi-drug resistant bacteria and cancer cells

Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria are considered a serious public health threat. Also, increasing rate of resistance to anticancer drugs, as well as their toxicity, is another point of concern. Therefore, the new antibacterial and anticancer agents are always needed. The synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using medicinal plants, is an effective approach for developing novel antibacterial and anticancer agents. Rubus discolor, a native species of the Caucasus region, produces leaves that are typically discarded as a by-product of raspberry production. The present study has focused on optimizing the green synthesis of AgNPs using R. discolor leaves extract through response surface methodology. The optimal values for AgNPs synthesis were an AgNO3 concentration of 7.11 mM, a time of 17.83 h, a temperature of 56.51 °C, and an extract percentage of 29.22. The production of AgNPs was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy (λmax at 456.01 nm). TEM analysis revealed well-dispersed AgNPs (an average size of 37 nm). The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure. The EDX detected a strong peak at 3 keV corresponded to Ag. The zeta potential value (- 44.2 mV) indicated the stability of nanoparticles. FT-IR spectra showed the presence of various functional groups from plant compounds, which play an important role in the capping and bio-reduction processes. The AgNPs revealed impressive antibacterial activities against MDR Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC ranging from 0.93 to 3.75 mg ml-1). The phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids on the surface of AgNPs. They also showed significant cytotoxic effects on A431, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells (IC50 values ranging from 11 to 49.1 µg ml-l).

Phytofabricated bimetallic synthesis of silver-copper nanoparticles using Aerva lanata extract to evaluate their potential cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities

In this study, we demonstrate the green synthesis of bimetallic silver-copper nanoparticles (Ag-Cu NPs) using Aerva lanata plant extract. These NPs possess diverse biological properties, including in vitro antioxidant, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic activities. The synthesis involves the reduction of silver nitrate and copper oxide salts mediated by the plant extract, resulting in the formation of crystalline Ag-Cu NPs with a face-centered cubic structure. Characterization techniques confirm the presence of functional groups from the plant extract, acting as stabilizing and reducing agents. The synthesized NPs exhibit uniform-sized spherical morphology ranging from 7 to 12 nm. They demonstrate significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inhibiting extracellular polysaccharide secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The Ag-Cu NPs also exhibit potent cytotoxic activity against cancerous HeLa cell lines, with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 17.63 µg mL-1. Additionally, they demonstrate strong antioxidant potential, including reducing capability and H2O2 radical scavenging activity, particularly at high concentrations (240 µg mL-1). Overall, these results emphasize the potential of A. lanata plant metabolite-driven NPs as effective agents against infectious diseases and cancer.

Bio-valorization of Tagetes floral waste extract in fabrication of self-healing Schiff-base nanocomposite hydrogels for colon cancer remedy

The drastic boom in floriculture and social events in religious and recreational places has inevitably led to generation of tremendous floral waste across the globe. Marigold (Tagetes erecta) is one of the most common loose flowers offered for the same. Generally discarded, these Tagetes floral wastes could be valorized for biogenic syntheses. In this study, we have utilized the floral extract towards green synthesis of nano ZnO, the formation of which was affirmed from different analytical techniques. Bionanocomposite Schiff-base hydrogel composed of chitosan and dialdehyde pectin was fabricated by the facile strategy of in situ polymer cross-linking, and the ZnO nanoparticles were embedded in the hydrogel matrix. The hydrogel exhibited remarkable self-healing ability. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were enhanced owing to nano ZnO. Furthermore, it was hemocompatible and biodegradable. A controlled release drug profile for 5-fluorouracil from the hydrogel was accomplished in the colorectum. The exposure of the drug-loaded nanocomposite hydrogel demonstrated improved anticancer effects in HT-29 colon cancer cells. The findings of this study altogether put forth the successful biovalorization of Tagetes floral waste extract for colon cancer remedy.

Green Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Byttneria Herbacea Roxb and their promising therapeutic applications and its interesting insightful observations in oral cancer

The present research was carried out to look into therapeutic insight of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by leaf extract of Byttneria herbacea Roxb (BH). The analysis of biosynthesized BH-AgNPs by UV-visible spectroscopy shows an intense surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 422 nm initially and 437 nm after 30 min which certainly reveals the formation of BH-AgNPs. Fourier Infra-red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) reveals that BH-AgNPs are biosynthesized by using different bioactive compounds like O-H stretch of free hydroxyl alcohol and phenols, N-H bond of primary amines present in the leaf extract. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis revealed that BH-AgNPs are almost spherical in nature with an average size range from of 2 nm to 12 nm. The particle size analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) reveals that the BH-AgNPs are poly-dispersed in nature with an average size of 8 nm ± 2 nm, with a negative zeta potential value of -21 mV which reveals the biosynthesized BH-AgNPs are very stable. The BH-AgNPs (Byttneria herbacea -AgNPs) revealed excellent free radical scavenging activity and exceptional antimicrobial activity. The anti-proliferative and cytotoxic studies in KB oral cancer cells revealed biosynthesized BH-AgNPs can employ as future novel therapeutic agents in cancer treatment and other biomedical applications.

Stable biogenic silver nanoparticles from Syzygium nervosum bud extract for enhanced catalytic, antibacterial and antifungal properties

In the present study, the biosynthesis of stable silver nanoparticles (BioAgNPs) was accomplished successfully for the first time by using an aqueous extract derived from the buds of Syzygium nervosum (SN) as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) investigations revealed that the biosynthesized BioAgNPs were predominantly spherical with an average size of 10-30 nm. It was found that the outstanding stability of the BioAgNPs colloidal solution was assigned to the additive effect of the surrounding protective organic layer and the highly negatively charged surface of the nanoparticles. Consequently, good antibacterial activity was demonstrated by the colloidal BioAgNPs solution against four distinct bacterial strains, including Gram-positive S. aureus and B. subtilis as well as Gram-negative E. coli and S. typhi. Interestingly, the biosynthesized BioAgNPs displayed greater antibacterial activity even when tested at low doses against Gram-negative S. typhi. In addition, the biogenic AgNPs demonstrated a significant level of catalytic activity in the process of converting 2-NP, 3-NP, and 4-NP into aminophenols within 15 min, with reaction rate constants of 9.0 × 10^-4, 10 × 10^-4, and 9.0 × 10^-4 s^-1, respectively. BioAgNPs formulations were assessed against anthracnose disease in tea plants and were found to be as effective as the positive control at a dose of 20-fold dilution, but less effective at a dose of 30-fold dilution. Both doses of BioAgNPs formulations significantly suppressed Colletotrichum camelliae (anthracnose disease) without affecting the growth of the tea plants.

Characterization and Therapeutic Applications of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Cassia auriculate Flower Extract

The current study analyzes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the Cassia auriculate flower extract as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The Cassia auriculate- silver nanoparticles (Ca-AgNPs) obtained are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results of the spectral characterization have revealed that the surface Plasmon resonance band observed at 448 nm confirms the formation of AgNPs. TEM analysis of the Ca-AgNPs was a predominately spherical shape with a size assortment of 30 to 80 nm and an angular size of 50 nm. The well-analyzed Ca-AgNPs were used in various biological assays, including healthcare analysis of antimicrobial, antioxidant (DPPH), and cytotoxic investigations. Ca-AgNPs showed efficient free radical scavenging activity and showed excellent antimicrobial activity against to pathogenic strains. The occurrence of Ca-AgNPs lead to reduced Live/Dead ratio of bacteria (from 36.97 ± 1.35 to 9.43 ± 0.27) but improved the accumulation of bacterial clusters. The cytotoxicity of Ca-AgNPs was carried out by MTT assay against MCF-7 breast cancer cells and a moderate cytotoxic. The approach of flower extract-mediated synthesis is a cost-efficient, eco-friendly, and easy alternative to conventional methods of silver nanoparticle synthesis.

Preparation and characterization of biogenic silver nanoparticles using Strobilanthes cordifolia (Vahl) J.R.I.Wood leaves and its Biological applications

In the present study aqueous leaf extract of Strobilanthes cordifolia J.R.I.Wood was combined with silver nitrate to synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs).The AgNPs was Characterized using visible spectroscopy (UV), X-ray diffraction(XRD), fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDaX), particle size analysis and transmission electron microscope (TEM).The UV spectrum absorption peak occurred at 438nm. The FTIR analysis of the AgNPs indicated the presence of functional groups such as aldehyde, alkenes and carboxylic acids.The crystalline structure of AgNPs was confirmed by XRD. The AgNPs have a spherical shape according to SEM. The AgNPs components composition was confirmed by EDaX.The particle size distribution of AgNPs is monodispersion in the range at 42.54nm.TEM demonstrated that the AgNPs size to be between 11.35-34.90nm.The AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antioxidant activity of the AgNPs was represented by increased DPPH, ABTS and H₂ O₂ activities.The antidiabetic activity of the AgNPs was indicated by the inhibition of α-amylase and α-glycosidase and anti-inflammatory highest albumin denaturation and HRBC membrane stabilization properties. Further, the AgNPs also significantly inhibited the MCF-7 cell lines. These results clearly suggest that the synthesized AgNPs using S. cordifolia leaves could have several potential biomedical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Multifaceted phytogenic silver nanoparticles by an insectivorous plant Drosera spatulata Labill var. bakoensis and its potential therapeutic applications

The current investigation highlights the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the insectivorous plant Drosera spatulata Labill var. bakoensis, which is the first of its kind. The biosynthesized nanoparticles revealed a UV visible surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 427 nm. The natural phytoconstituents which reduce the monovalent silver were identified by FTIR. The particle size of the Ds-AgNPs was detected by the Nanoparticle size analyzer confirms that the average size of nanoparticles was around 23 ± 2 nm. Ds-AgNPs exhibit high stability because of its high negative zeta potential (− 34.1 mV). AFM studies also revealed that the Ds-AgNPs were spherical in shape and average size ranges from 10 to 20 ± 5 nm. TEM analysis also revealed that the average size of Ds-AgNPs was also around 21 ± 4 nm and the shape is roughly spherical and well dispersed. The crystal nature of Ds-AgNPs was detected as a face-centered cube by the XRD analysis. Furthermore, studies on antibacterial and antifungal activities manifested outstanding antimicrobial activities of Ds-AgNPs compared with standard antibiotic Amoxyclav. In addition, demonstration of superior free radical scavenging efficacy coupled with potential in vitro cytotoxic significance on Human colon cancer cell lines (HT-29) suggests that the Ds-AgNPs attain excellent multifunctional therapeutic applications.

Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Different Plants’ Parts for Antimicrobial Activity and Anticancer Activity: A Review Article

Nanotechnology emerged as a scientific innovation in the 21st century. Metallic nanoparticles (metal or metal oxide nanoparticles) have attained remarkable popularity due to their interesting biological, physical, chemical, magnetic, and optical properties. Metal-based nanoparticles can be prepared by utilizing different biological, physical, and chemical methods. The biological method is preferred as it provides a green, simple, facile, ecofriendly, rapid, and cost-effective route for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. Plants have complex phytochemical constituents such as carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids, and proteins, which can behave as reducing and stabilizing agents. However, the mechanism of green synthesis by using plants is still highly debatable. In this report, we summarized basic principles or mechanisms of green synthesis especially for metal or metal oxide (i.e., ZnO, Au, Ag, and TiO2, Fe, Fe2O3, Cu, CuO, Co) nanoparticles. Finally, we explored the medical applications of plant-based nanoparticles in terms of antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activity.

Argyreia nervosa (Samudra pala) leaf extract mediated silver nanoparticles and evaluation of their antioxidant, antibacterial activity, in vitro anticancer and apoptotic studies in KB oral cancer cell lines

In the present investigation, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was carried out using aqueous leaf extract of Argyreia nervosa. The results of the spectral characterisation have revealed that the surface Plasmon resonance band was observed at 421 nm confirms the formation of AgNPs. The Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy result shows the reduction of silver nitrate into AgNPs by the reduction of different functional groups. Transmission Electron Microscope analysis revealed that the particles are roughly spherical and poly-disperse in shape and size, the particles are within the size range of 10-55 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering revealed that the nanoparticles were also within the range of 10-50 nm, An-AgNPs have a high negative zeta potential value of -38.9 mV. An-AgNPs showed efficient free radical scavenging activity and showed excellent antimicrobial activity. Anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect of An-AgNPs was carried out by MTT assay against KB oral cancer cells, the IC₅₀ value of An-AgNPs is 58.64 µg/ml. The cell's growth is arrested at the G2/M phase, so the An-AgNPs activated the Caspase 3 pathway which leads to the Apoptosis of KB oral cancer cells. So it is concluded that the green synthesised An-AgNPs have manifold functions.