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Cerasuolo A, Miele E, Russo M, Aversano A, Cammarota F, Duraturo F, Liccardo R, Izzo P, Rosa MD. Sporadic pediatric severe familial adenomatous polyposis: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2020; 13:20. [PMID: 32754334 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant hereditary precancerous condition caused by germline pathogenetic variants in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients with FAP develop multiple gastrointestinal adenomatous polyps usually at the age of ~20 years, which, if untreated, become cancerous in 100% of cases. Genotype-phenotype associations have been extensively described; however, inter- and intra-familial variability exists. It is crucial to characterize the causative pathogenetic variant in each pedigree in order to develop a cancer prevention program and follow-up strategy for at-risk families. The present report describes a severe case of sporadic FAP that was diagnosed when the patient was ~2 years old. The patient was a carrier of the de novo pathogenic c.4132 C>T (p.Gln1378X) variant. Additionally, the patient was a carrier of the homozygous c.5465 T>A (p.Asp1822Val) polymorphism, inherited from both parents. However, it remains unclear whether or not this polymorphism is involved in the phenotypic manifestation. This case highlights the need to extend molecular screening to very young children when they show iron-deficiency, anaemia and/or rectal bleeding, even in the absence of a familial history of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cerasuolo
- Molecular Biology and Viral Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS 'Fondazione G. Pascale', I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Aversano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Cammarota
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Duraturo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Liccardo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Izzo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marina De Rosa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy.,Ceinge Biotecnologie Avanzate, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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2
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Huang D, Sun W, Zhou Y, Li P, Chen F, Chen H, Xia D, Xu E, Lai M, Wu Y, Zhang H. Mutations of key driver genes in colorectal cancer progression and metastasis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2019; 37:173-187. [PMID: 29322354 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-017-9726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between mutations of key driver genes and colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis has been investigated by many studies. However, the results of these studies have been contradictory. Here, we perform a comprehensive analysis to screen key driver genes from the TCGA database and validate the roles of these mutations in CRC metastasis. Using bioinformatics analysis, we identified six key driver genes, namely APC, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, SMAD4 and p53. Through a systematic search, 120 articles published by November 30, 2017, were included, which all showed roles for these gene mutations in CRC metastasis. A meta-analysis showed that KRAS mutations (combined OR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.33) and p53 mutations (combined OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.23-1.80) were associated with CRC metastasis, including lymphatic and distant metastases. Moreover, CRC patients with a KRAS mutation (combined OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.13-1.47), p53 mutation (combined OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06-1.72) or SMAD4 mutation (combined OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.41-2.95) were at a higher risk of distant metastasis. Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnic populations indicated that the BRAF mutation was related to CRC metastasis (combined OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.18-1.71) and distant metastasis (combined OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20-1.91) in an Asian population. No significant association was found between mutations of APC or PIK3CA and CRC metastasis. In conclusion, mutations of KRAS, p53, SMAD4 and BRAF play significant roles in CRC metastasis and may be both potential biomarkers of CRC metastasis as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peiwei Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hanwen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang D, Liang S, Zhang X, Dey SK, Li Y, Xu C, Yu Y, Li M, Zhao G, Zhang Z. Targeted next-generation sequencing approach for molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary colorectal cancer: Identification of a novel single nucleotide germline insertion in adenomatous polyposis coli gene causes familial adenomatous polyposis. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2018; 7:e00505. [PMID: 30523670 PMCID: PMC6382451 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease which primarily manifested with developing adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. It is caused by the germline mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Patients with FAP are usually manifested with “hundreds or even thousands” adenomas or polyps in colon or rectum. However, without proper clinical diagnosis and timely surgical interventions, colorectal adenomas, or polyps gradually increase in size and in numbers which finally leads to colorectal cancer (CRC) at the mean age of 36 years of the patient. Methods In this study, we identified a family with FAP. In this family, FAP has been diagnosed clinically based on symptoms, medical test reports, and positive family history for three generations. In order to unveil the molecular genetic consequences underlying the disease phenotype, we performed next‐generation sequencing with a customized and designed panel of genes reported to be associated with hereditary CRC. The variant identified by next‐generation sequencing has been validated by Sanger sequencing. Results A heterozygous novel insertion [c.3992_3993insA; p.Thr1332Asnfs*10] in exon 16 of APC gene has been identified. This novel insertion is cosegregated well with the FAP phenotype among all the affected members of this family. This mutation causes a frameshift by the formation of a premature stop codon which finally results in the formation of a truncated APC protein of 1,342 amino acids instead of the wild type APC protein of 2,843 amino acids. Hence, this is a loss‐of‐function mutation. This mutation was not found in unaffected family members or in normal control individuals. Conclusion Our present study emphasizes the importance of a novel approach of the gene panel‐based high‐throughput sequencing technology for easy and rapid screening for patients with FAP or CRC which will help the clinician for follow‐up and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyun Liang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Subrata Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Centre for Genetic Studies, School of Biotechnology and Biological Sciences, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology (Formerly West Bengal University of Technology), Salt Lake City, Kolkata, India
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingsen Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoru Zhao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
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Liu Z, Yang C, Li X, Luo W, Roy B, Xiong T, Zhang X, Yang H, Wang J, Ye Z, Chen Y, Song J, Ma S, Zhou Y, Yang M, Fang X, Du J. The landscape of somatic mutation in sporadic Chinese colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:27412-27422. [PMID: 29937994 PMCID: PMC6007951 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fifth prevalent cancer in China. Nevertheless, a large-scale characterization of Chinese colorectal cancer mutation spectrum has not been carried out. In this study, we have performed whole exome-sequencing analysis of 98 patients’ tumor samples with matched pairs of normal colon tissues using Illumina and Complete Genomics high-throughput sequencing platforms. Canonical CRC somatic gene mutations with high prevalence (>10%) have been verified, including TP53, APC, KRAS, SMAD4, FBXW7 and PIK3CA. PEG3 is identified as a novel frequently mutated gene (10.6%). APC and Wnt signaling exhibit significantly lower mutation frequencies than those in TCGA data. Analysis with clinical characteristics indicates that APC gene and Wnt signaling display lower mutation rate in lymph node positive cancer than negative ones, which are not observed in TCGA data. APC gene and Wnt signaling are considered as the key molecule and pathway for colorectal cancer initiation, and these findings greatly undermine their importance in tumor progression for Chinese patients. Taken together, the application of next-generation sequencing has led to the determination of novel somatic mutations and alternative disease mechanisms in colorectal cancer progression, which may be useful for understanding disease mechanism and personalizing treatment for Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brain Computing (BDBC), Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Wen Luo
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Teng Xiong
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Huanming Yang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhao Ye
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghe Song
- SKLSDE Lab, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- SKLSDE Lab, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Min Yang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jie Du
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disorders, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, China
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5
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Li L, Ma BB. Colorectal cancer in Chinese patients: current and emerging treatment options. Onco Targets Ther 2014. [PMID: 25336973 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s48409ott-7-1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Hong Kong and its incidence is rising in economically developed Chinese cities, including Hong Kong and Shanghai. Several studies conducted in the People's Republic of China have characterized the unique molecular epidemiology of familial colorectal cancer syndromes and molecular biomarkers such as microsatellite instability and genetic mutations (eg, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ERCC1) in Chinese populations. Interethnic differences in anticancer drug response and toxicity have been well described in many cancers, and this review examined the literature with regard to the tolerance of Chinese patients to commonly used chemotherapeutic regimens and targeted therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer. Studies on the pharmacogenomic differences in drug metabolizing and DNA repair enzymes between Chinese, North Asians, and Caucasian patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leung Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Brigette By Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong ; State Key Laboratory of South China, Sir YK Pao Cancer Center, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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6
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Li L, Ma BBY. Colorectal cancer in Chinese patients: current and emerging treatment options. Onco Targets Ther 2014; 7:1817-28. [PMID: 25336973 PMCID: PMC4199792 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s48409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second most common cancer in Hong Kong and its incidence is rising in economically developed Chinese cities, including Hong Kong and Shanghai. Several studies conducted in the People's Republic of China have characterized the unique molecular epidemiology of familial colorectal cancer syndromes and molecular biomarkers such as microsatellite instability and genetic mutations (eg, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ERCC1) in Chinese populations. Interethnic differences in anticancer drug response and toxicity have been well described in many cancers, and this review examined the literature with regard to the tolerance of Chinese patients to commonly used chemotherapeutic regimens and targeted therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer. Studies on the pharmacogenomic differences in drug metabolizing and DNA repair enzymes between Chinese, North Asians, and Caucasian patients were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leung Li
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
| | - Brigette BY Ma
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of South China, Sir YK Pao Cancer Center, Hong Kong Cancer Institute, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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7
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Bougatef K, Ouerhani S, Moussa A, Kourda N, Coulet F, Colas C, Lahely YB, Najjar T, Ben Jilani S, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Soubrier F, Marrakchi R. Prevalence of mutations in APC, CTNNB1, and BRAF in Tunisian patients with sporadic colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 187:12-8. [PMID: 18992635 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 06/19/2008] [Accepted: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal tumorigenesis is caused by alterations in the Wnt (APC, CTNNB1) and Ras pathways. Our objective was to analyze the occurrence of these genetic alterations in relation to tumor and patient characteristics. The prevalence of somatic alteration in the hot-spot regions of the APC, BRAF, and CTNNB1 genes was investigated in 48 unselected and unrelated Tunisian patients with sporadic colorectal cancer, and the association between the molecular features at these genes in relation to tumor and patient characteristics (age at diagnosis, sex, tumor localization, stage, and differentiation) was analyzed. Loss of heterozygosity was observed at the APC locus in 52% of the analyzed tumors. 6 novel mutations were detected by polymerase chain reaction sequencing in the mutation cluster region of the APC gene. No mutations were observed in the CTNNB1 gene in any tumor, but 8% of tumors harbored mutation in the BRAF gene. Clinicopathological analyses showed an association between APC point mutations and the earliest occurrence of sporadic colorectal cancer. The findings confirm the heterogeneity of APC gene alteration and also reveal a particular profile of this pathology among Tunisian patients that confirms the epidemiological data for this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Bougatef
- Laboratory of Human Genetics, Immunology, and Pathology, Faculty of Sciences-Tunis, University of Tunis, Campus Universitaire, El Manar I, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
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