Alarm Signals and Prompts to Eliminate Large Urinary Accidents in a Woman with Multiple Disabilities

Persons with mild or moderate Alzheimer's disease learn to use urine alarms and prompts to avoid large urinary accidents

This study assessed whether three patients with Alzheimer's disease could learn to use urine alarms and caregivers' prompts to eliminate large urinary accidents. As soon as the patient began to release urine, the alarm system presented auditory and vibratory signals. In relation to those signals, the caregiver would prompt/encourage the patient to stop urinating and accompany him or her to the toilet to void. After urination, the caregiver provided the patient positive social attention. The results of the intervention showed that the use of the alarm system and caregivers' prompts was effective in helping the three patients reduce their large urinary accidents to zero or near zero levels. Self-initiated toileting, which was minimal during baseline, accounted for nearly 35%, 50% and 75% of the patients' toileting occasions during the intervention. Fifty-two caregivers, who participated in a social validation assessment of toileting approaches relying on alarm systems or timed toileting, seemed to find the former preferable for the patients, for the context, as well as for themselves. The implications of the findings for daily programs of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias are discussed.

Using a pants alarm for the treatment of day wetting: problems with compliance

A treatment of day wetting was evaluated in four normally capable children (ages 4:9, 4:10. 6:3, and 10:1 years). The treatment combined the use of a pants alarm with rewards (praise and tokens) for urinating in the toilet. The treatment was effective for one child only. The others showed many instances of noncompliance (not wearing the alarm, wearing the alarm with loose contacts or with the contacts on places where they could not detect urine). Tactics for dealing with this are suggested.