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Mitchell E, Comerford K, Knight M, McKinney K, Lawson Y. A review of dairy food intake for improving health among black adults in the US. J Natl Med Assoc 2024; 116:253-273. [PMID: 38378306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The adult life stage encompasses a range of new experiences, opportunities, and responsibilities that impact health and well-being. During this life stage, health disparities continue to increase for Black Americans, with Black adults having a disproportionate burden of obesity, chronic diseases, comorbidities, and worse treatment outcomes compared to their White peers. While many of the underlying factors for these disparities can be linked to longstanding sociopolitical factors such as systemic racism, food insecurity, and poor access to healthcare, there are also several modifiable risk factors that are known to significantly impact health outcomes, such as improving diet quality, increasing physical activity, and not smoking. Of all the modifiable risk factors known to impact health, improving dietary habits is the factor most consistently associated with better outcomes for body weight and chronic disease. Of the major food groups recommended by the 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) for achieving healthier dietary patterns, dairy foods have a nutrient profile which matches most closely to what Black Americans are inadequately consuming (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium, magnesium). However, Black adults tend to consume less than half the recommended daily servings of dairy foods, in part, due to issues with lactose intolerance, making higher intake of dairy foods an ideal target for improving diet quality and health in this population. This review examines the current body of evidence exploring the links between dairy intake, obesity, cardiometabolic disease risk, chronic kidney disease, and the most common types of cancer, with a special focus on health and disparities among Black adults. Overall, the evidence from most systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses published in the last decade on dairy intake and health outcomes has been conducted on White populations and largely excluded research on Black populations. The findings from this extensive body of research indicate that when teamed with an energy-restricted diet, meeting or exceeding the DGA recommended 3 daily servings of dairy foods is associated with better body weight and composition outcomes and lower rates of most common chronic diseases than lower intake (<2 servings per day). In addition to the number of daily servings consumed, the specific types (e.g., milk, yogurt, cheese) and subtypes (e.g., low-fat, fermented, fortified) consumed have also been shown to play major roles in how these foods impact health. For example, higher intake of fermented dairy foods (e.g., yogurt) and vitamin D fortified dairy products appear to have the most protective effects for reducing chronic disease risk. Along with lactose-free milk and cheese, yogurt is also generally low in lactose, making it an excellent option for individuals with lactose intolerance, who are trying to meet the DGA recommendations for dairy food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Mitchell
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer at Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kevin Comerford
- OMNI Nutrition Science, California Dairy Research Foundation, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Michael Knight
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington D.C., United States
| | - Kevin McKinney
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Yolanda Lawson
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Xia Y, Yu Y, Zhao Y, Deng Z, Zhang L, Liang G. Insight into the Interaction Mechanism of Vitamin D against Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis and In Silico Study. Foods 2023; 12:3973. [PMID: 37959091 PMCID: PMC10649035 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a dietary supplement or functional food additive, vitamin D (VD) deficiency may impact extra-skeletal functions associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk factors. However, the precise effects and mechanisms of VD supplementation on dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in MetS subjects remain controversial. Here, we investigate potential therapeutic targets, pathways and mechanisms of VD against MetS through a comprehensive strategy including meta-analysis, network pharmacology analysis, molecular docking, dynamics simulations, and quantum chemical calculations. Our results reveal that VD supplementation significantly reduces triglyceride levels, fasting glucose, and insulin concentrations in subjects, thereby improving insulin homeostasis to some extent. We theoretically identify 14 core MetS-associated targets. Notably, VD exhibits substantial interactions with three targets (PPARγ, FABP4, and HMGCR) in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating that VD can modulate this pathway. Van der Waals forces predominantly stabilize the complexes formed between VD and the three targets. Nonetheless, to provide valuable insights for personalized MetS management, further research is necessary to confirm our findings, emphasizing the importance of exploring genetic variability in VD response. In conclusion, our study contributes insights into the mechanisms of VD in preventing and treating MetS through dietary supplementation, promoting the development of VD-based functional foods or nutritious diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yuandong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Yi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhifen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guizhao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Z.D.)
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Pourmohamadkhan M, Khorasanchi Z, Ghazizadeh H, Sedighnia A, Kiani B, salemi O, Ferns G, Rostam Niakan Kalhori S, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. A Mixed Model Approach for Estimating the Optimal Food Fortification of Vitamin D: Experiment Based on Mashhad Cohort Study in Iran. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:561-566. [PMID: 38310412 PMCID: PMC10862094 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency is a prevalent problem in worldwide healthcare related to several system disorders. Food fortification as a solution is associated with several challenges including insufficient coverage of the entire population, required degree of fortification, the vehicles used for fortification and potential toxicity. This study aimed to determine the optimal amount of vitamin D for fortification without surpassing the upper intake level (UL) of intake at the 95th percentile of the Iranian population and compare two methods of food fortification. METHODS This study is aimed to develop a model of two different fortifying approaches related to an available dataset called MASHAD cohort study. The dataset comprised demographic and nutritional data of 9704 Iranian individuals living in the Greater Mashhad region. The first approach was a computational method necessary to implement a range of eight foods and calculate the optimal approach. In the second case, we used the European formula method called ILSI. RESULTS To find the appropriate value for fortification, we calculated the consumption of 400 IU and 1000 IU supplements of vitamin D. Three micrograms per 100 g in each food was the optimal output. We also used Flynn and Rasmussen's formula on our data. Using these methods, we found that 2.1 micrograms per 100 kcal provides the best result. Hence, using the two different approaches, the results appear to be consistent and promising. CONCLUSION One interesting finding was that supplement consumption did not greatly affect the impact of fortification. This observation may support the hypothesis to determine the amount of fortification, and we can ignore the study population's supplement consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Pourmohamadkhan
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorasanchi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atefeh Sedighnia
- Health Technology Incubator Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid salemi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gordon Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sharareh Rostam Niakan Kalhori
- Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Interrelationship between Vitamin D and Calcium in Obesity and Its Comorbid Conditions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153187. [PMID: 35956362 PMCID: PMC9370653 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to vitamin D (VD) deficiency and low calcium (CAL) status. In the last decade, dietary supplementation of vitamin D and calcium (VD–CAL) have been extensively studied in animal experiments and human studies. However, the physiological mechanisms remain unknown as to whether the VD–CAL axis improves homeostasis and reduces biomarkers in regulating obesity and other metabolic diseases directly or indirectly. This review sought to investigate their connections. This topic was examined in scientific databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed from 2011 to 2021, and 87 articles were generated for interpretation. Mechanistically, VD–CAL regulates from the organs to the blood, influencing insulin, lipids, hormone, cell, and inflammatory functions in obesity and its comorbidities, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, previous research has not consistently shown that simultaneous VD–CAL supplementation affects weight loss or reduces fat content. This discrepancy may be influenced by population age and diversity, ethnicity, and geographical location, and also by degree of obesity and applied doses. Therefore, a larger prospective cohort and randomised trials are needed to determine the exact role of VD–CAL and their interrelationship.
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Lal PP, Prakash AA, Chand AA, Prasad KA, Mehta U, Assaf MH, Mani FS, Mamun KA. IoT integrated fuzzy classification analysis for detecting adulterants in cow milk. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Current Development of Nano-Drug Delivery to Target Macrophages. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051203. [PMID: 35625939 PMCID: PMC9139084 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most important innate immune cells that participate in various inflammation-related diseases. Therefore, macrophage-related pathological processes are essential targets in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Since nanoparticles (NPs) can be preferentially taken up by macrophages, NPs have attracted most attention for specific macrophage-targeting. In this review, the interactions between NPs and the immune system are introduced to help understand the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of NPs in immune cells. The current design and strategy of NPs modification for specific macrophage-targeting are investigated and summarized.
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Niedermaier T, Gredner T, Kuznia S, Schöttker B, Mons U, Lakerveld J, Ahrens W, Brenner H. Vitamin D food fortification in European countries: the underused potential to prevent cancer deaths. Eur J Epidemiol 2022; 37:309-320. [PMID: 35524028 PMCID: PMC9187526 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces cancer mortality by 13%. Vitamin D fortification of foods may increase vitamin D levels in a similar manner as vitamin D supplementation and could achieve similar reductions in cancer mortality. Whereas some European countries already implemented widespread fortification of foods with vitamin D, in other countries only few or no foods are fortified. In this study, we estimated the reduction in cancer mortality presumably already achieved by current fortification policies in 2017 and the potential for further reductions if all countries had effective fortification. Methods: We reviewed scientific literature, publicly available information, and contacted health authorities to obtain information on current vitamin D food fortification policies in 34 European countries. Together with country-specific cancer death statistics from Eurostat, information on life expectancy, and country-specific fortification policies, we used data from studies on supplementation and serum 25(OH)D increases and cancer mortality to estimate numbers of probably already prevented cancer deaths and numbers of potentially further preventable deaths and years of life lost. Results: Current vitamin D fortification is estimated to prevent approximately 11,000 in the European Union and 27,000 cancer deaths in all European countries considered per year. If all countries considered here would implement adequate vitamin D fortification of foods, an estimated additional 129,000 cancer deaths (113,000 in the European Union) could be prevented, corresponding to almost 1.2 million prevented years of life lost (1.0 million in the EU) or approximately 9% of cancer deaths (10% in the EU). Interpretation: Systematic fortification of foods might considerably reduce the burden of cancer deaths in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Niedermaier
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Gredner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kuznia
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ute Mons
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cancer Prevention Unit, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeroen Lakerveld
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- Department of Epidemiological Methods and Etiological Research, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.,Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research (NAR), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Fernandez C, Tennyson J, Priscilla AS. Osteoporosis and its Association with Vitamin D Receptor, Oestrogen α Receptor, Parathyroid Receptor and Collagen Type I alpha Receptor Gene Polymorphisms with Bone Mineral Density: A Pilot Study from South Indian Postmenopausal Women of Tamil Nadu. Biochem Genet 2022; 60:2015-2036. [PMID: 35195794 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The involvement of many putative genetic factors makes osteoporosis a complex disease. With increasing longevity of the Indian population, it's now being realized that, as within the West, osteoporotic fractures are also a significant explanation for morbidity and mortality in postmenopausal women. Studies have suggested that the genetic component liable for bone mass could be linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms. Therefore, this study is aimed to research the role of seven gene polymorphisms previously associated with bone phenotype in a cohort of postmenopausal South Indian women from Tamil Nadu. The subjects for the study (n = 300) included 100 osteoporotic women (age 59.3 ± 9.26), 100 osteopenic women (age 55.6 ± 8.17) and 100 non-osteoporotic women as controls (age 55.4 ± 8.85).Genetic polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Case-control genetic association analysis of BsmI of the VDR and BstBI of the PTH gene showed a significant allelic association with low bone mineral density amongst the osteoporotic postmenopausal women. The association of BMD with the VDR gene polymorphisms revealed that the average BMD in the BsmI polymorphism with the recessive genotype GG in osteoporotic women was significantly reduced compared with the average BMD in osteoporotic women with AA and AG genotypes. In the BstBI polymorphism, the BMD in the osteoporotic subjects were significantly lower in the AA group than in the GA and GG groups. These results provide evidence for an independent association between BMD and rs1544410 in VDR and rs6254 in PTH and may contribute in being a possible genetic marker for predicting the disease susceptibility in the population tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisanne Fernandez
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002, India
| | - Jebasingh Tennyson
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625021, India
| | - A S Priscilla
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Lady Doak College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, 625002, India.
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