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Wen L, Liu Z, Zhou L, Liu Z, Li Q, Geng B, Xia Y. Bone and Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase 5 (ERK5). Biomolecules 2024; 14:556. [PMID: 38785963 PMCID: PMC11117709 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bones are vital for anchoring muscles, tendons, and ligaments, serving as a fundamental element of the human skeletal structure. However, our understanding of bone development mechanisms and the maintenance of bone homeostasis is still limited. Extracellular signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), a recently identified member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of various diseases, especially neoplasms. Recent studies have highlighted ERK5's significant role in both bone development and bone-associated pathologies. This review offers a detailed examination of the latest research on ERK5 in different tissues and diseases, with a particular focus on its implications for bone health. It also examines therapeutic strategies and future research avenues targeting ERK5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Zirui Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Libo Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhongcheng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Qingda Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (L.W.); (Z.L.); (L.Z.); (Z.L.); (Q.L.); (B.G.)
- Orthopedic Clinical Medical Research Center and Intelligent Orthopedic Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, China
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He J, Zhao D, Peng B, Wang X, Wang S, Zhao X, Xu P, Geng B, Xia Y. A novel mechanism of Vildagliptin in regulating bone metabolism and mitigating osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 130:111671. [PMID: 38367467 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Osteoporosis has become a global social problem with the tendency toward the aging population. The challenge in managing osteoporosis is to develop new anti-osteoporosis drugs that target bone anabolism. The purpose of this study was to uncover the novel mechanism of Vildagliptin on bone metabolism. We revealed that Vildagliptin significantly promoted osteogenic differentiation of precursor osteoblasts and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). At the same time, it significantly enhanced the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to the M2 type and the secretion of osteogenic factors BMP2 and TGF-β1. This was confirmed by the increased osteogenic differentiation observed in the osteoblast-RAW264.7 co-culture system. Moreover, Vildagliptin significantly enhanced the transformation of BMSCs into the osteogenic morphology in the osteoblast-BMSC co-culture system. Finally, Vildagliptin also inhibited osteoclastic differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells. The potential mechanism underlying these effects involved targeting the GAS6/AXL/ERK5 pathway. In the in vivo study, Vildagliptin significantly alleviated postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice. These findings represent the first comprehensive revelation of the regulatory effect of Vildagliptin on bone metabolism. Specifically, Vildagliptin demonstrates the ability to promote bone anabolism and inhibit bone resorption by simultaneously targeting osteoblasts, BMSCs, and osteoclasts. The bone-protective effects of Vildagliptin were further confirmed in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. The clinical significance of this study lies in laying a theoretical foundation for bone protection therapy in type-2 diabetes patients with compromised bone conditions or postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen He
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 715004, China
| | - Dacheng Zhao
- Department of Painology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xingwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xiaobing Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 715004, China.
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Clinical Medicine Research Center of Gansu Province, Intelligent Orthopedics Industry Technology Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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He J, Wang Y, Zhan J, Li S, Ni Y, Huang W, Long L, Tan P, Wang Y, Liu Y. Icariin attenuates the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells through ERα - p38MAPK pathway. Aging Med (Milton) 2023; 6:379-385. [PMID: 38239714 PMCID: PMC10792338 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between icariin and the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the signal pathway involved. Methods We applied a universally accepted calcification model of VSMCs induced by β glycerophosphate. Then the VSMCs calcification was observed by treatment with icariin and/or inhibitors of estrogen receptors (ERs) and p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Results Icariin inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs due to decreased ALP activity and Runx2 expression. Further study demonstrated that icariin exerted this suppression effect through activating p38-MAPK but not extracellular-regulated kinase, JNK or Akt. An inhibitor of p38-MAPK partially reversed the inhibitory effects of icariin on osteoblastic differentiation. Interestingly, treatment of VSMCs with an ER antagonist ICI182780 and a selective ERα receptor antagonist PPT attenuated icariin-mediated inhibition effect of VSMCs calcification, associated with suppression of p38-MAPK phosphorylation. Conclusions Icariin inhibited the osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs, and that the inhibitory effects were mediated by p38-MAPK pathways through ERα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu He
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yanjiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Junkun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yuqing Ni
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Limin Long
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Pan Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Youshuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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Zhong H, Yang X, Li S, Lei X. Effects of Stress on Osteoblast Proliferation and Differentiation Based on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Wnt β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:8521051. [PMID: 36262983 PMCID: PMC9553479 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8521051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of fluid shear stress on the proliferation of osteoblasts and the regulatory role of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cell proliferation, a new method based on endoplasmic reticulum stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway stress-mediated was proposed. Taking MG63 osteoblasts as the research object, they were inoculated on glass slides (G group), polished titanium sheets (P group), and sandblasted acid-base treated pure titanium sheets (S group). In addition, FSS of 0 dunes/cm2 (static group) and 12 dunes/cm2 (stress group) were given, respectively. Then, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) and β-catenin in MG63 cells. The results showed that the expression levels of β-catenin mRNA and protein in cells in the stress group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the protein expression level of LRP5 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The expression level of LRP5 in group S was greatly inhibited, while the expression level of β-catenin was significantly upregulated. Therefore, FSS can stimulate the expression of LRP5 and β-catenin in osteoblasts. Fluid shear stress can promote osteoblast proliferation in vitro; the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in regulating fluid shear stress to promote osteoblast proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanming Zhong
- Stomatology Department, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, Guangdong 523000, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Shitie Li
- Center of Oral Implantology, Stomatological Hospital,Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, China
| | - Xin Lei
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518110, China
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Effects of Fluid Shear Stress on Human Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus Cells Based on Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3860898. [PMID: 36157212 PMCID: PMC9492342 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3860898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the possible mechanism of fluid shear stress on human nucleus pulposus cells based on label-free proteomics technology. Methods The human nucleus pulposus cell line was purchased and subcultured in vitro. The Flexcell STR-4000 multiflow field cell fluid shear stress loading culture system was used to apply continuous laminar fluid shear stress (12 dyne/cm2, 45 mins) to the monolayer adherent cells. Those without mechanical loading were used as the control group, and those subjected to fluid shear loading were used as the experimental group. Differential protein expression was identified using mass spectrometry identification technology, and bioinformatics analysis was performed using Gene Ontology GO (Gene Ontology) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Results The proteomics results of the experimental group and the control group showed that the total number of mass spectra was 638653, the number of matched mass spectra was 170110, the total number of identified peptides was 32050, the specific peptide was 30564, and the total number of identified proteins was 4745. Comparing the two groups, 47 proteins were significantly differentially expressed, namely, 25 upregulated proteins and 22 downregulated proteins. Bioinformatics analysis showed that significantly different proteins were mainly manifested in cellular process, biological regulation, metabolic process, binding, catalytic activity, cellular components (cell part), organelle part (organelle part), and other molecular biological functions. Conclusion Using proteomics technology to screen human nucleus pulposus cells after fluid shear stress loading, the differential protein expression provides a basis for further exploration of the mechanism of mechanical factors on nucleus pulposus.
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Peng Z, Mai Z, Xiao F, Liu G, Wang Y, Xie S, Ai H. MiR-20a: a mechanosensitive microRNA that regulates fluid shear stress-mediated osteogenic differentiation via the BMP2 signaling pathway by targeting BAMBI and SMAD6. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:683. [PMID: 35845505 PMCID: PMC9279817 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-2753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of diverse biological and pathological processes. This study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA 20a (miR-20a) in fluid shear stress (FSS)-mediated osteogenic differentiation. Methods In the present study, we subjected osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells or mouse bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) to single bout short duration FSS (12 dyn/cm2 for 1 hour) using a parallel plate flow system. The expression of miR-20a was quantified by miRNA array profiling and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) during FSS-mediated osteogenic differentiation. The expression of osteogenic differentiation markers such as Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and SP7 transcription factor (SP7) was detected. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase assay were performed to confirm the potential targets of miR-20a. Results Osteoblast-expressed miR-20a is sensitive to the mechanical environments of FSS, which are differentially up-regulated during steady FSS-mediated osteogenic differentiation. MiR-20a enhances FSS-induced osteoblast differentiation by activating the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) signaling pathway. Both BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) and mothers against decapentaplegic family member 6 (SMAD6) are targets of miR-20a that negatively regulate the BMP2 signaling pathway. Conclusions MiR-20a is a novel mechanosensitive miRNA that can enhance osteoblast differentiation in FSS mechanical environments, implying that this miRNA might be a target for bone tissue engineering and orthodontic bone remodeling for regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuli Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanqi Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Geng B, Wang H, Wang S, Zhao D, He J, Lu F, An J, Wang C, Xia Y. Fluid shear stress-induced down-regulation of microRNA-140-5p promotes osteoblast proliferation by targeting VEGFA via the ERK5 pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:156-168. [PMID: 33588662 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1891228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fluid shear stress (FSS) plays a critical role in osteoblast proliferation. However, the role of miRNA in osteoblast proliferation induced by FSS and the possible molecular mechanisms remain to be defined. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether miR-140-5p regulates osteoblast proliferation under FSS and its molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS miR-140-5p expression was measured by qRT-PCR. Western blot was used to measure the expressions of P-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, P-ERK5 and ERK5. The levels of VEGFA, PCNA, CDK4 and Cyclin D1 were identified through qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and EdU labeling assay. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the target of miR-140-5p. RESULTS miR-140-5p was significantly down-regulated when MC3T3-E1 cells were exposed to FSS. We then confirmed that up-regulation of miR-140-5p inhibited and down-regulation of miR-140-5p promoted osteoblast proliferation. In addition, FSS promotes osteoblast proliferation via down-regulating miR-140-5p. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that VEGFA is a direct target of miR-140-5p. Furthermore, transfection of mimic-140-5p inhibited the up-regulation of VEGFA protein level induced by FSS, suggesting that FSS regulates VEGFA protein expression via miR-140-5p. Further investigations demonstrated that VEGFA could promote osteoblast proliferation. Lastly, we demonstrated that miR-140-5p regulates osteoblast proliferation and ERK5 activation through VEGFA. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that FSS-induced the down-regulation of miR-140-5p promotes osteoblast proliferation through activing VEGFA/ERK5 signaling pathway. These findings may provide a novel mechanism of FSS-induced osteoblast proliferation and offer a new avenue to further investigate osteogenesis induced by mechanical loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dacheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangdong An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Liu P, Tu J, Wang W, Li Z, Li Y, Yu X, Zhang Z. Effects of Mechanical Stress Stimulation on Function and Expression Mechanism of Osteoblasts. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:830722. [PMID: 35252138 PMCID: PMC8893233 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.830722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts play a major role in bone tissue homeostasis. The homeostasis and integrity of bone tissue are maintained by ensuring a balance between osteoclastic and osteogenic activities. The remodeling of bone tissue is a continuous ongoing process. Osteoclasts mainly play a role in bone resorption, whereas osteoblasts are mainly involved in bone remodeling processes, such as bone cell formation, mineralization, and secretion. These cell types balance and restrict each other to maintain bone tissue metabolism. Bone tissue is very sensitive to mechanical stress stimulation. Unloading and loading of mechanical stress are closely related to the differentiation and formation of osteoclasts and bone resorption function as well as the differentiation and formation of osteoblasts and bone formation function. Consequently, mechanical stress exerts an important influence on the bone microenvironment and bone metabolism. This review focuses on the effects of different forms of mechanical stress stimulation (including gravity, continuously compressive pressure, tensile strain, and fluid shear stress) on osteoclast and osteoblast function and expression mechanism. This article highlights the involvement of osteoclasts and osteoblasts in activating different mechanical transduction pathways and reports changings in their differentiation, formation, and functional mechanism induced by the application of different types of mechanical stress to bone tissue. This review could provide new ideas for further microscopic studies of bone health, disease, and tissue damage reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji Tu
- Spine Labs, St. George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Li
- People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Basic Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yu, ; Zhengdong Zhang,
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoping Yu, ; Zhengdong Zhang,
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Elzinga J, van der Lugt B, Belzer C, Steegenga WT. Characterization of increased mucus production of HT29-MTX-E12 cells grown under Semi-Wet interface with Mechanical Stimulation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261191. [PMID: 34928974 PMCID: PMC8687553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucus layer plays a crucial role in human health. To study intestinal mucus function and structure in vitro, the mucus-producing intestinal cell line HT29-MTX-E12 has been commonly used. However, this cell line produces only low amounts of the intestine-specific MUC2. It has been shown previously that HT29-MTX-E12 cells cultured under Semi-Wet interface with Mechanical Stimulation (SWMS) produced higher amounts of MUC2, concomitant with a thicker mucus layer, compared to cells cultured conventionally. However, it remains unknown which underlying pathways are involved. Therefore, we aimed to further explore the cellular processes underlying the increased MUC2 production by HT29-MTX-E12 cells grown under SWMS conditions. Cells grown on Transwell membranes for 14 days under static and SWMS conditions (after cell seeding and attachment) were subjected to transcriptome analysis to investigate underlying molecular pathways at gene expression level. Caco-2 and LS174T cell lines were included as references. We characterized how SWMS conditions affected HT29-MTX-E12 cells in terms of epithelial barrier integrity, by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance, and cell metabolism, by monitoring pH and lactate production per molecule glucose of the conditioned medium. We confirmed higher MUC2 production under SWMS conditions at gene and protein level and demonstrated that this culturing method primarily stimulated cell growth. In addition, we also found evidence for a more aerobic cell metabolism under SWMS, as shown previously for similar models. In summary, we suggest different mechanisms by which MUC2 production is enhanced under SWMS and propose potential applications of this model in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janneke Elzinga
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Benthe van der Lugt
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma T Steegenga
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Wang X, He J, Wang H, Zhao D, Geng B, Wang S, An J, Wang C, Han H, Xia Y. Fluid shear stress regulates osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis via the lncRNA TUG1/miR-34a/FGFR1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8734-8747. [PMID: 34350720 PMCID: PMC8435422 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs and microRNAs play critical roles in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. However, their exact roles in osteoblasts under fluid shear stress (FSS) and the possible mechanisms remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore whether and how miR‐34a regulates osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis under FSS. In this study, FSS down‐regulated miR‐34a levels of MC3T3‐E1 cells. MiR‐34a up‐regulation attenuated FSS‐induced promotion of proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR‐34a directly targeted FGFR1. Moreover, miR‐34a regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis via FGFR1. Further, we validated that lncRNA TUG1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to interact with miR‐34a and up‐regulate FGFR1 protein expression. Furthermore, lncRNA TUG1 could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Taken together, our study revealed the key role of the lncRNA TUG1/miR‐34a/FGFR1 axis in FSS‐regulated osteoblast proliferation and apoptosis and may provide potential therapeutic targets for osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinwen He
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dacheng Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bin Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Shenghong Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangdong An
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Cuifang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yayi Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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