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Feng K, Wang F, Chen H, Zhang R, Liu J, Li X, Xie X, Kang Q. Cartilage progenitor cells derived extracellular vesicles-based cell-free strategy for osteoarthritis treatment by efficient inflammation inhibition and extracellular matrix homeostasis restoration. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:345. [PMID: 38890638 PMCID: PMC11186174 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease which currently lacks of effective agents. It is therefore urgent and necessary to seek an effective approach that can inhibit inflammation and promote cartilage matrix homeostasis. Cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs) are identified as a cell population of superficial zone in articular cartilage which possess strong migration ability, proliferative capacity, and chondrogenic potential. Recently, the application of CPCs may represent a novel cell therapy strategy for OA treatment. There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are primary mediators of the benefits of stem cell-based therapy. In this study, we explored the protective effects of CPCs-derived EVs (CPCs-EVs) on IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. We found CPCs-EVs exhibited chondro-protective effects in vitro. Furthermore, our study demonstrated that CPCs-EVs promoted matrix anabolism and inhibited inflammatory response at least partially via blocking STAT3 activation. In addition, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified 991 proteins encapsulated in CPCs-EVs. By bioinformatics analysis, we showed that STAT3 regulatory proteins were enriched in CPCs-EVs and could be transported to chondrocytes. To promoting the protective function of CPCs-EVs in vivo, CPCs-EVs were modified with cationic peptide ε-polylysine-polyethylene-distearyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PPD) for surface charge reverse. In posttraumatic OA mice, our results showed PPD modified CPCs-EVs (PPD-EVs) effectively inhibited extracellular matrix catabolism and attenuated cartilage degeneration. Moreover, PPD-EVs down-regulated inflammatory factors expressions and reduced OA-related pain in OA mice. In ex-vivo cultured OA cartilage explants, PPD-EVs successfully promoted matrix anabolism and inhibited inflammation. Collectively, CPCs-EVs-based cell-free therapy is a promising strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jiashuo Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implants, Department of Orthopedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xuetao Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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Ivanov AA, Kuznetsova AV, Popova OP, Danilova TI, Latyshev AV, Yanushevich OO. Influence of Extracellular Matrix Components on the Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells in Collagen I Hydrogel. Cells 2023; 12:2335. [PMID: 37830549 PMCID: PMC10571948 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of periodontal tissues requires an integrated approach to the restoration of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone surrounding the teeth. Current strategies in endogenous regenerative dentistry widely use biomaterials, in particular the decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM), to facilitate the recruitment of populations of resident cells into damaged tissues and stimulate their proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous components of the extracellular matrix (hyaluronic acid, laminin, fibronectin) on the differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) cultured with dECM (combinations of decellularized tooth matrices and periodontal ligament) in a 3D collagen I hydrogel. The immunohistochemical expression of various markers in PDLSCs was assessed quantitatively and semi-quantitatively on paraffin sections. The results showed that PDLSCs cultured under these conditions for 14 days exhibited phenotypic characteristics consistent with osteoblast-like and odontoblast-like cells. This potential has been demonstrated by the expression of osteogenic differentiation markers (OC, OPN, ALP) and odontogenic markers (DSPP). This phenomenon corresponds to the in vivo state of the periodontal ligament, in which cells at the interface between bone and cementum tend to differentiate into osteoblasts or cementoblasts. The addition of fibronectin to the dECM most effectively induces the differentiation of PDLSCs into osteoblast-like and odontoblast-like cells under 3D culture conditions. Therefore, this bioengineered construct has a high potential for future use in periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A. Ivanov
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Alla V. Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga P. Popova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Tamara I. Danilova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Andrey V. Latyshev
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia; (A.V.K.); (O.P.P.); (T.I.D.); (A.V.L.)
| | - Oleg O. Yanushevich
- Department of Periodontology, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 20 Delegatskaya Str., 127473 Moscow, Russia;
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Feng K, Yu Y, Chen Z, Wang F, Zhang K, Chen H, Xu J, Kang Q. Injectable hypoxia-preconditioned cartilage progenitor cells-laden GelMA microspheres system for enhanced osteoarthritis treatment. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100637. [PMID: 37128287 PMCID: PMC10148185 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common age-related degenerative joint disease mainly characterized by the destruction of articular cartilage. Owing to its native avascular property, intrinsic repair of articular cartilage is very limited. Thus, a chondrogenic microenvironment in the joint is essential to the preservation of healthy chondrocytes and OA treatment. Recently, cartilage progenitor cells (CPCs)-based therapy is emerging as a promising strategy to repair degenerated and damaged articular cartilage. In this study, injectable hypoxia-preconditioned three-dimensional (3D) cultured CPCs-laden gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres (CGMs) were constructed and characterized. Compared to normoxia-pretreated 3D CPCs and two-dimensional (2D) cultured CPCs, hypoxia-preconditioned 3D cultured CPCs exhibited enhanced cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and greater chondrogenic ability. In addition, hypoxia-preconditioned 3D cultured CPCs more effectively maintained cartilage matrix metabolism balance and attenuated articular cartilage degeneration in subacute and chronic rat OA models. Mechanistically, our results demonstrated hypoxia-preconditioned 3D cultured CPCs exerted chondro-protective effects by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via NRF2/HO-1 pathway in vitro and in vivo. Together, through the 3D culture of CPCs using GelMA microspheres (GMs) under hypoxia environment, our results proposed an efficient articular cartilage regeneration strategy for OA treatment and could provide inspiration for other stem cells-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Zhengsheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Kunqi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Qinglin Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
- Corresponding author.
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Padmaja K, Amirtham SM, Rebekah G, Sathishkumar S, Vinod E. Supplementation of articular cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors with bone morphogenic protein-9 enhances chondrogenesis without affecting hypertrophy. Biotechnol Lett 2022; 44:1037-1049. [PMID: 35920961 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-022-03280-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondroprogenitors (CPCs) have emerged as a promising cellular therapy for cartilage-related pathologies due to their inherent primed chondrogenic potential. Studies report that the addition of growth factors such as parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) enhance the chondroinducive potential in chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells. This study evaluated if supplementation of the standard culture medium for cell expansion with 1-34 PTH and BMP-9 would enhance the chondrogenic potential of CPCs and reduce their hypertrophic tendency. METHODS Human chondrocytes were isolated from patients undergoing total knee replacement for osteoarthritis (n = 3). Following fibronectin adhesion assay, passage 1 CPCs were divided and further expanded under three culture conditions (a) control, i.e., cells continued under standard culture conditions, (b) 1-34 PTH group, additional intermittent 6 h exposure with 1-34 PTH and (c) BMP-9 group, additional BMP-9 during culture expansion. All the groups were evaluated for population-doubling, cell cycle analysis, surface marker and gene expression for chondrogenesis, hypertrophy, multilineage differentiation and GAG (glycosaminoglycan)/DNA following chondrogenic differentiation. RESULTS Concerning growth kinetics, the BMP-9 group exhibited a significantly lower S-phase and population-doubling when compared to the other two groups. Qualitative analysis for chondrogenic potential (Alcian blue, Safranin O staining and Toluidine blue for GAG) revealed that the BMP-9 group exhibited the highest uptake. The BMP-9 group also showed significantly higher COL2A1 expression than the control group, with no change in the hypertrophy marker expression. CONCLUSION BMP-9 can potentially be used as an additive for CPCs expansion, to enhance their chondrogenic potential without affecting their low hypertrophic tendency. The mitigating effects of 1-34PTH on hypertrophy would benefit further investigation when used in combination with BMP-9 to enhance chondrogenesis whilst reducing hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Padmaja
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | | | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India
| | | | - Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India. .,Centre for Stem Cell Research, (A Unit of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, 632002, India.
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Bai K, Jiang L, Wei C, Li Q, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang T. Dimethylglycine sodium salt activates Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α leading to the recovery of muscle stem cell dysfunction in newborns with intrauterine growth restriction. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:89-98. [PMID: 35405266 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were focused on the mechanism of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) from intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) newborn piglets, and the relief of dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) on MuSCs mitochondrial dysfunction by Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α network. In this study, six newborn piglets with normal birth weight (NBW) and six IUGR newborn piglets were slaughtered immediately after birth to obtain longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples. MuSCs were collected and divided into three groups: MuSCs from NBW newborn piglets (N), MuSCs from IUGR newborn piglets (I), and MuSCs from IUGR newborn piglets with 32 μmol DMG-Na (ID). Compared with the NBW group, the IUGR group showed decreased (P < 0.05) serum and LM antioxidant defense capacity, and increased (P < 0.05) serum and LM damage. Compared with the N group, the I group showed decreased (P < 0.05) MuSCs antioxidant defense capacity, mitochondrial ETC complexes, energy metabolites, and antioxidant defense-related and mitochondrial function-related gene and protein expression levels. The antioxidant defense capacity, mitochondrial ETC complexes, energy metabolites, and antioxidant defense-related and mitochondrial function-related gene and protein expression levels of MuSCs were improved (P < 0.05) in the ID group compared to those in the I group. The MuSCs of IUGR newborns activate the Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α network by taking in DMG-Na, thereby neutralizing excessive generated O2•- that may help to improve their unfavorable mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Luyi Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Chengheng Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Qiming Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Jingfei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China
| | - Tian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.
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The clinical potential of articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells: a systematic review. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:2. [PMID: 35013329 PMCID: PMC8748760 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00203-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, evidence has emerged for the existence of a distinct population of endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage, predominantly referred to as articular cartilage-derived progenitor cells (ACPCs). This progenitor population can be isolated from articular cartilage of a broad range of species, including human, equine, and bovine cartilage. In vitro, ACPCs possess mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-like characteristics, such as colony forming potential, extensive proliferation, and multilineage potential. Contrary to bone marrow-derived MSCs, ACPCs exhibit no signs of hypertrophic differentiation and therefore hold potential for cartilage repair. As no unique cell marker or marker set has been established to specifically identify ACPCs, isolation and characterization protocols vary greatly. This systematic review summarizes the state-of-the-art research on this promising cell type for use in cartilage repair therapies. It provides an overview of the available literature on endogenous progenitor cells in adult articular cartilage and specifically compares identification of these cell populations in healthy and osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, isolation procedures, in vitro characterization, and advantages over other cell types used for cartilage repair. The methods for the systematic review were prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020184775).
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Vinod E, Padmaja K, Livingston A, James JV, Amirtham SM, Sathishkumar S, Ramasamy B, Rebekah G, Daniel AJ, Kachroo U. Prospective Isolation and Characterization of Chondroprogenitors from Human Chondrocytes Based on CD166/CD34/CD146 Surface Markers. Cartilage 2021; 13:808S-817S. [PMID: 34528493 PMCID: PMC8804859 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211042412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chondrocytes, isolated from articular cartilage, are routinely utilized in cell-based therapeutics for the treatment of cartilage pathologies. However, restoration of the biological tissue faces hindrance due to the formation of primarily fibrocartilaginous repair tissue. Chondroprogenitors have been reported to display superiority in terms of their chondrogenic potential and lesser proclivity for hypertrophy. In line with our recent results, comparing chondroprogenitors and chondrocytes, we undertook isolation of progenitors from the general pool of chondrocytes, based on surface marker expression, namely, CD166, CD34, and CD146, to eliminate off-target differentiation and generate cells of stronger chondrogenic potential. This study aimed to compare chondrocytes, chondroprogenitors, CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes, and CD34-CD166+CD146- sorted chondrocytes. METHODS Chondrocytes obtained from 3 human osteoarthritic knee joints were subjected to sorting, to isolate CD166+ and CD34- subsets, and then were further sorted to obtain CD146+ and CD146- cells. Chondrocytes and fibronectin adhesion-derived chondroprogenitors served as controls. Assessment parameters included reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for markers of chondrogenesis and hypertrophy, trilineage differentiation, and total GAG/DNA content. RESULTS Based on gene expression analysis, CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorted chondrocytes and chondroprogenitors displayed comparability and significantly higher chondrogenesis with a lower tendency for hypertrophy when compared to chondrocytes and CD34-CD166+CD146- sorted chondrocytes. The findings were also reiterated in multilineage potential differentiation with the 146+ subset and chondroprogenitors displaying lower calcification and chondroprogenitors displaying higher total GAG/DNA content compared to chondrocytes and 146- cells. CONCLUSION This unique progenitor-like population based on CD34-CD166+CD146+ sorting from chondrocytes exhibits efficient potential for cartilage repair and merits further evaluation for its therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (A Unit
of InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632002, India.
| | - Kawin Padmaja
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abel Livingston
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jithu Varghese James
- Department of Diabetes, School of Life
Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal
Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Grace Rebekah
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alfred Job Daniel
- Department of Orthopaedics, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vinod E, Parameswaran R, Ramasamy B, Kachroo U. Pondering the Potential of Hyaline Cartilage-Derived Chondroprogenitors for Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Cartilage 2021; 13:34S-52S. [PMID: 32840123 PMCID: PMC8804774 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520951631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chondroprogenitors have recently gained prominence due to promising results seen in in vitro and animal studies as a potential contender in cell-based therapy for cartilage repair. Lack of consensus regarding nomenclature, isolation techniques, and expansion protocols create substantial limitations for translational research, especially given the absence of distinct markers of identification. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and collate information pertaining to hyaline cartilage-derived chondroprogenitors, with regard to their isolation, culture, and outcome measures. DESIGN As per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a web-based search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed from January 2000 to May 2020, which yielded 509 studies. A total of 65 studies were identified that met the standardized inclusion criteria which comprised of, but was not limited to, progenitors derived from fibronectin adhesion, migrated subpopulation from explant cultures, and single-cell sorting. RESULT Literature search revealed that progenitors demonstrated inherent chondrogenesis and minimal tendency for hypertrophy. Multiple sources also demonstrated significantly better outcomes that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and comparable results to chondrocytes. With regard to progenitor subgroups, collated evidence points to better and consistent outcomes with the use of migratory progenitors when compared to fibronectin adhesion assay-derived progenitors, although a direct comparison between the two cell populations is warranted. CONCLUSION Since chondroprogenitors exhibit favorable properties for cartilage repair, efficient characterization of progenitors is imperative, to complete their phenotypic profile, so as to optimize their use in translational research for neocartilage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Vinod
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India,Centre for Stem Cell Research (a unit of
InStem, Bengaluru), Christian Medical College, Vellore, India,Elizabeth Vinod, Department of Physiology,
Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Boopalan Ramasamy
- Department of Orthopaedics, Royal Darwin
Hospital, Tiwi, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Upasana Kachroo
- Department of Physiology, Christian
Medical College, Vellore, India
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