1
|
Yasuno K, Ito A, Yoshida M, Fukunaga T, Honda T, Tsumaki H, Yamaguchi K, Mizoguchi I. Influence of feeding a soft diet on proteoglycan expression in rat temporomandibular joint discs. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:539-545. [PMID: 38830403 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extracellular matrix components play a significant role in maintaining tissue integrity and pathological processes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a soft diet on the mRNA expression of proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) linked to proteoglycan core proteins in rat TMJ discs. METHODS Thirty 4-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to one of two groups: a control group fed a regular pellet diet and a soft diet group fed a powdered diet for 4 weeks. The mRNA expression levels of 12 proteoglycans in TMJ discs were evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, histomorphometric and biochemical analyses were performed to evaluate the thickness and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), GAG, and water content of the TMJ discs. RESULTS The TMJ disc thickness in the anterior, intermediate, and posterior bands decreased significantly in the soft diet group. The GAG content decreased significantly in the soft-diet group, whereas no significant differences in DNA content or water content ratio were observed between the groups. Real-time PCR indicated that the expression levels of aggrecan, versican, biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin, lumican, and chondroadherin decreased in the soft diet group. The expression levels of all versican isoforms decreased in the soft diet group. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the biomechanical environment of the TMJ caused by a soft diet is closely related to the expression of proteoglycans in TMJ discs, which may eventually increase the fragility of the TMJ discs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Yasuno
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Arata Ito
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michiko Yoshida
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takahiro Honda
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroka Tsumaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kaya Yamaguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kolb J, Tsata V, John N, Kim K, Möckel C, Rosso G, Kurbel V, Parmar A, Sharma G, Karandasheva K, Abuhattum S, Lyraki O, Beck T, Müller P, Schlüßler R, Frischknecht R, Wehner A, Krombholz N, Steigenberger B, Beis D, Takeoka A, Blümcke I, Möllmert S, Singh K, Guck J, Kobow K, Wehner D. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans inhibit CNS regeneration by modifying the structural and mechanical properties of the lesion environment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6814. [PMID: 37884489 PMCID: PMC10603094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition after central nervous system (CNS) injury leads to inhibitory scarring in humans and other mammals, whereas it facilitates axon regeneration in the zebrafish. However, the molecular basis of these different fates is not understood. Here, we identify small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) as a contributing factor to regeneration failure in mammals. We demonstrate that the SLRPs chondroadherin, fibromodulin, lumican, and prolargin are enriched in rodent and human but not zebrafish CNS lesions. Targeting SLRPs to the zebrafish injury ECM inhibits axon regeneration and functional recovery. Mechanistically, we find that SLRPs confer mechano-structural properties to the lesion environment that are adverse to axon growth. Our study reveals SLRPs as inhibitory ECM factors that impair axon regeneration by modifying tissue mechanics and structure, and identifies their enrichment as a feature of human brain and spinal cord lesions. These findings imply that SLRPs may be targets for therapeutic strategies to promote CNS regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kolb
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vasiliki Tsata
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Nora John
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Conrad Möckel
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Rosso
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Kurbel
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Asha Parmar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gargi Sharma
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Karandasheva
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shada Abuhattum
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olga Lyraki
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timon Beck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paul Müller
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raimund Schlüßler
- Biotechnology Center, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wehner
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nicole Krombholz
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Barbara Steigenberger
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Experimental Surgery, Clinical and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Aya Takeoka
- VIB-Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neuroscience and Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ingmar Blümcke
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möllmert
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kanwarpal Singh
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katja Kobow
- Department of Neuropathology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Wehner
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Davaapil H, Hopkins J, Bonnin N, Papadaki V, Leung A, Kosuge H, Tashima T, Nakakido M, Sekido R, Tsumoto K, Sagoo MS, Ohnuma SI. PRELP secreted from mural cells protects the function of blood brain barrier through regulation of endothelial cell-cell integrity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1147625. [PMID: 37936982 PMCID: PMC10626469 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1147625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Proline/arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein (PRELP), is a small secreted proteoglycan expressed by pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells surrounding the brain vasculature of adult mouse. Methods: We utilised a Prelp knockout (Prelp -/-) mouse model to interrogate vasculature integrity in the brain alongside performing in vitro assays to characterise PRELP application to endothelial cells lines. Our findings were supplemented with RNA expression profiling to elucidate the mechanism of how PRELP maintains neurovasculature function. Results: Prelp -/- mice presented with neuroinflammation and reducedneurovasculature integrity, resulting in IgG and dextran leakage in the cerebellum and cortex. Histological analysis of Prelp -/- mice revealed reducedcell-cell integrity of the blood brain barrier, capillary attachment of pericytes andastrocyte end-feet. RNA-sequencing analysis found that cell-cell adhesion andinflammation are affected in Prelp -/- mice and gene ontology analysis as well as gene set enrichment analysis demonstrated that inflammation related processes and adhesion related processes such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apical junctions were significantly affected, suggesting PRELP is a regulator of cell-cell adhesion. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that adhesion junction protein expression levels of cadherin, claudin-5, and ZO-1, was suppressed in Prelp -/- mice neurovasculature. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed that PRELP application to endothelial cells enhances cell-cell integrity, induces mesenchymal-endothelial transition and inhibits TGF-β mediated damage to cell-cell adhesion. Discussion: Our study indicates that PRELP is a novel endogenous secreted regulator of neurovasculature integrity and that PRELP application may be a potential treatment for diseases associated with neurovascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Hopkins
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, Untited Kingdom
| | - Nadia Bonnin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, Untited Kingdom
| | | | - Alex Leung
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, Untited Kingdom
| | - Hirofumi Kosuge
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Tashima
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakakido
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Sekido
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, Untited Kingdom
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mandeep S. Sagoo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, Untited Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, Untited Kingdom
- Retinoblastoma Genetic Screening Unit, Barts Health NHS Trust, Royal London Hospital, London, Untited Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Middendorf JM, Budrow CJ, Ellingson AM, Barocas VH. The Lumbar Facet Capsular Ligament Becomes More Anisotropic and the Fibers Become Stiffer With Intervertebral Disc and Facet Joint Degeneration. J Biomech Eng 2023; 145:051004. [PMID: 36478033 PMCID: PMC9933886 DOI: 10.1115/1.4056432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degeneration of the lumbar spine, and especially how that degeneration may lead to pain, remains poorly understood. In particular, the mechanics of the facet capsular ligament may contribute to low back pain, but the mechanical changes that occur in this ligament with spinal degeneration are unknown. Additionally, the highly nonlinear, heterogeneous, and anisotropic nature of the facet capsular ligament makes understanding mechanical changes more difficult. Clinically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based signs of degeneration in the facet joint and the intervertebral disc (IVD) correlate. Therefore, this study examined how the nonlinear, heterogeneous mechanics of the facet capsular ligament change with degeneration of the lumbar spine as characterized using MRI. Cadaveric human spines were imaged via MRI, and the L2-L5 facet joints and IVDs were scored using the Fujiwara and Pfirrmann grading systems. Then, the facet capsular ligament was isolated and biaxially loaded. The nonlinear mechanical properties of the ligament were obtained using a nonlinear generalized anisotropic inverse mechanics analysis (nGAIM). Then a Holzapfel-Gasser-Ogden (HGO) model was fit to the stress-strain data obtained from nGAIM. The facet capsular ligament is stiffer and more anisotropic at larger Pfirrmann grades and higher Fujiwara scores than at lower grades and scores. Analysis of ligament heterogeneity showed all tissues are highly heterogeneous, but no distinct spatial patterns of heterogeneity were found. These results show that degeneration of the lumbar spine including the facet capsular ligament appears to be occurring as a whole joint phenomenon and advance our understanding of lumbar spine degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Middendorf
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | | | - Arin M Ellingson
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Victor H Barocas
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 7-105 Nils Hasselmo Hall, 312 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prendergast ME, Heo SJ, Mauck RL, Burdick JA. Suspension bath bioprinting and maturation of anisotropic meniscal constructs. Biofabrication 2023; 15:10.1088/1758-5090/acc3c3. [PMID: 36913724 PMCID: PMC10156462 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acc3c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to limited intrinsic healing capacity of the meniscus, meniscal injuries pose a significant clinical challenge. The most common method for treatment of damaged meniscal tissues, meniscectomy, leads to improper loading within the knee joint, which can increase the risk of osteoarthritis. Thus, there is a clinical need for the development of constructs for meniscal repair that better replicate meniscal tissue organization to improve load distributions and function over time. Advanced three-dimensional bioprinting technologies such as suspension bath bioprinting provide some key advantages, such as the ability to support the fabrication of complex structures using non-viscous bioinks. In this work, the suspension bath printing process is utilized to print anisotropic constructs with a unique bioink that contains embedded hydrogel fibers that align via shear stresses during printing. Constructs with and without fibers are printed and then cultured for up to 56 din vitroin a custom clamping system. Printed constructs with fibers demonstrate increased cell and collagen alignment, as well as enhanced tensile moduli when compared to constructs printed without fibers. This work advances the use of biofabrication to develop anisotropic constructs that can be utilized for the repair of meniscal tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Su-Jin Heo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert L. Mauck
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Translational Musculoskeletal Research Center, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason A. Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Linke F, Johnson JEC, Kern S, Bennett CD, Lourdusamy A, Lea D, Clifford SC, Merry CLR, Stolnik S, Alexander MR, Peet AC, Scurr DJ, Griffiths RL, Grabowska AM, Kerr ID, Coyle B. Identifying new biomarkers of aggressive Group 3 and SHH medulloblastoma using 3D hydrogel models, single cell RNA sequencing and 3D OrbiSIMS imaging. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:6. [PMID: 36631900 PMCID: PMC9835248 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01496-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common malignant brain tumour in children, medulloblastoma (MB), is subdivided into four clinically relevant molecular subgroups, although targeted therapy options informed by understanding of different cellular features are lacking. Here, by comparing the most aggressive subgroup (Group 3) with the intermediate (SHH) subgroup, we identify crucial differences in tumour heterogeneity, including unique metabolism-driven subpopulations in Group 3 and matrix-producing subpopulations in SHH. To analyse tumour heterogeneity, we profiled individual tumour nodules at the cellular level in 3D MB hydrogel models, which recapitulate subgroup specific phenotypes, by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and 3D OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) imaging. In addition to identifying known metabolites characteristic of MB, we observed intra- and internodular heterogeneity and identified subgroup-specific tumour subpopulations. We showed that extracellular matrix factors and adhesion pathways defined unique SHH subpopulations, and made up a distinct shell-like structure of sulphur-containing species, comprising a combination of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) including the collagen organiser lumican. In contrast, the Group 3 tumour model was characterized by multiple subpopulations with greatly enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. Extensive TCA cycle metabolite measurements revealed very high levels of succinate and fumarate with malate levels almost undetectable particularly in Group 3 tumour models. In patients, high fumarate levels (NMR spectroscopy) alongside activated stress response pathways and high Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2; gene expression analyses) were associated with poorer survival. Based on these findings we predicted and confirmed that NRF2 inhibition increased sensitivity to vincristine in a long-term 3D drug treatment assay of Group 3 MB. Thus, by combining scRNAseq and 3D OrbiSIMS in a relevant model system we were able to define MB subgroup heterogeneity at the single cell level and elucidate new druggable biomarkers for aggressive Group 3 and low-risk SHH MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Linke
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James E C Johnson
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stefanie Kern
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher D Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anbarasu Lourdusamy
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Lea
- Digital Research Service, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steven C Clifford
- Wolfson Childhood Cancer Research Centre, Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Catherine L R Merry
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Snow Stolnik
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Andrew C Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - David J Scurr
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Anna M Grabowska
- School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian D Kerr
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Beth Coyle
- Children's Brain Tumour Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brown DM, Kowalski MA, Paulus QM, Yu J, Kumar P, Kane MA, Patel JM, Ethier CR, Pardue MT. Altered Structure and Function of Murine Sclera in Form-Deprivation Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:13. [PMID: 36512347 PMCID: PMC9753793 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.13.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The sclera is believed to biomechanically influence eye size, facilitating the excessive axial elongation that occurs during myopigenesis. Here, we test the hypothesis that the sclera will be remodeled and exhibit altered biomechanics in the mouse model of form-deprivation (FD) myopia, accompanied by altered retinoid concentrations, a potential signaling molecule involved in the process. Methods Male C57 Bl/6J mice were subjected to unilateral FD (n = 44 eyes), leaving the contralateral eye untreated (contra; n = 44). Refractive error and ocular biometry were measured in vivo prior to and after 1 or 3 weeks of FD. Ex vivo measurements were made of scleral biomechanical properties (unconfined compression: n = 24), scleral sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content (dimethylmethylene blue: n = 18, and immunohistochemistry: n = 22), and ocular all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) concentrations (retina and RPE + choroid + sclera, n = 24). Age-matched naïve controls were included for some outcomes (n = 32 eyes). Results Significant myopia developed after 1 (-2.4 ± 1.1 diopters [D], P < 0.001) and 3 weeks of FD (-4.1 ± 0.7 D, P = 0.025; mean ± standard deviation). Scleral tensile stiffness and permeability were significantly altered during myopigenesis (stiffness = -31.4 ± 12.7%, P < 0.001, and permeability = 224.4 ± 205.5%, P < 0.001). Total scleral sGAG content was not measurably altered; however, immunohistochemistry indicated a sustained decrease in chondroitin-4-sulfate and a slower decline in dermatan sulfate. The atRA increased in the retinas of eyes form-deprived for 1 week. Conclusions We report that biomechanics and GAG content of the mouse sclera are altered during myopigenesis. All scleral outcomes generally follow the trends found in other species and support a retina-to-sclera signaling cascade underlying mouse myopigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dillon M. Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Michael A. Kowalski
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Quinn M. Paulus
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Jianshi Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Praveen Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jay M. Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - C. Ross Ethier
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Machelle T. Pardue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology/Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| |
Collapse
|