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Baranov VO, Haug JT, Kaulfuss U. New records of immature aquatic Diptera from the Foulden Maar Fossil-Lagerstätte, New Zealand, and their biogeographic implications. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17014. [PMID: 38426144 PMCID: PMC10903341 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The biogeographical and ecological history of true flies (Diptera) in New Zealand is little known due to a scarcity of fossil specimens. Here, we report a fauna of immature aquatic dipterans from freshwater diatomites of the early Miocene Foulden Maar Fossil-Lagerstätte in southern New Zealand. Methods We document 30 specimens of immature dipterans, mostly pupae, and compare their external morphology to extant aquatic Diptera. Based on the reconstructed paleoenvironment of Foulden Maar, we discuss taxonomic, ecological and taphonomic implications of this early Miocene fauna. Results Among Chironomidae, one pupal morphotype is attributed to Tanypodinae, one pupal morphotype and one larval morphotype are placed into Chironomus (Chironominae) and a further morphotype into Chironominae incertae sedis. Chaoboridae are represented by a pupal morphotype congeneric or very close to the extant Chaoborus, today globally distributed except for New Zealand. Additional immature specimens are likely larvae and puparia of brachyceran flies but cannot be identified to a narrower range. These finds document an aquatic dipteran fauna in New Zealand in the earliest Miocene and highlight Neogene extinction as a factor in shaping the extant Diptera fauna in New Zealand. Immature aquatic dipterans were a common and likely ecologically important component of the early Miocene Foulden Maar lake. Preservation of larvae and pupae may have been promoted by diatomaceous microbial mats and the light colour of the diatomite likely facilitated spotting of these minute fossils in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor O. Baranov
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Andalucia, Spain
| | - Joachim T. Haug
- Biocenter, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Uwe Kaulfuss
- Department of Animal Evolution and Biodiversity, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
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Scarsbrook L, Mitchell KJ, Mcgee MD, Closs GP, Rawlence NJ. Ancient DNA from the extinct New Zealand grayling ( Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) reveals evidence for Miocene marine dispersal. Zool J Linn Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The evolutionary history of Southern Hemisphere graylings (Retropinnidae) in New Zealand (NZ), including their relationship to the Australian grayling, is poorly understood. The NZ grayling (Prototroctes oxyrhynchus) is the only known fish in NZ to have gone extinct since human arrival there. Despite its historical abundance, only 23 wet and dried, formalin-fixed specimens exist in museums. We used high-throughput DNA sequencing to generate mitogenomes from formalin-fixed P. oxyrhynchus specimens, and analysed these in a temporal phylogenetic framework of retropinnids and osmerids. We recovered a strong sister-relationship between NZ and Australian grayling (P. mareana), with a common ancestor ~13.8 Mya [95% highest posterior density (HPD): 6.1–23.2 Mya], after the height of Oligocene marine inundation in NZ. Our temporal phylogenetic analysis suggests a single marine dispersal between NZ and Australia, although the direction of dispersal is equivocal, followed by divergence into genetically and morphologically distinguishable species through isolation by distance. This study provides further insights into the possible extinction drivers of the NZ grayling, informs discussion regarding reintroduction of Prototroctes to NZ and highlights how advances in palaeogenetics can be used to test evolutionary hypotheses in fish, which, until relatively recently, have been comparatively neglected in ancient-DNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachie Scarsbrook
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
- Palaeogenomics and Bio-Archaeology Research Network, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Kieren J Mitchell
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Matthew D Mcgee
- Behavioural Studies Group, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University , Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Gerard P Closs
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Nicolas J Rawlence
- Otago Palaeogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Conran JG, Kaulfuss U, Bannister JM, Mildenhall DC, Lee DE. An Akania (Akaniaceae) inflorescence with associated pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2019; 106:292-302. [PMID: 30791095 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY An Akania-like inflorescence, including flowers with in situ pollen was recovered from the remarkable Konservat-Lagerstätte lacustrine diatomite deposit at Foulden Maar, Otago indicating the presence of Akaniaceae in southern New Zealand during the early Miocene. The flowers, although slightly smaller than the sole modern Australian species, A. bidwillii, contain pollen grains that are very like that taxon. The pollen also resembles that of the monospecific sister genus Bretschneidera from Southeast Asia and India, although that taxon has flowers with very different morphology from this genus. METHODS The floral morphology of the fossil and in situ pollen grains were compared with flowers and pollen grains from extant species of Akaniaceae and related taxa. KEY RESULTS The fossil inflorescence and associated pollen are referred to a new, extinct species of Akania: Akania gibsonorum. The floral structures and pollen resemble those of the modern Australian Akania species. CONCLUSIONS The discovery of fossil flowers of Akania in an early Miocene lake deposit in New Zealand, coupled with earlier recognition of Akaniaceae leaves from the Paleocene epoch and wood from the Miocene epoch in South America suggests that the genus was once widespread in former Gondwana landmasses. The extinction of Akaniaceae in New Zealand and South America, and its present relictual distribution in eastern Australia, is most likely related to post-Miocene climatic cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Conran
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity & Sprigg Geobiology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Benham Bldg DX 650 312, The University of Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Uwe Kaulfuss
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer M Bannister
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | | | - Daphne E Lee
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
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Capobianco A, Friedman M. Vicariance and dispersal in southern hemisphere freshwater fish clades: a palaeontological perspective. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2018; 94:662-699. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Capobianco
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 U.S.A
| | - Matt Friedman
- Museum of Paleontology and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences; University of Michigan; 1105 N. University Ave, Ann Arbor MI 48109-1079 U.S.A
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Conran JG, Bannister JM, Mildenhall DC, Lee DE. Hedycarya macrofossils and associated Planarpollenites pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2016; 103:938-956. [PMID: 27208361 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1600047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The history of the basal angiosperm family Monimiaceae is based largely on fossil wood and leaf and floral fossils of uncertain affinity. Fossilized leaves with a well-preserved cuticle and Hedycarya-like flowers, including one with in situ pollen tetrads and fruits from an early Miocene lacustrine diatomite deposit in southern New Zealand implies a long record for Hedycarya in New Zealand. The flowers contain pollen grains that are very similar to those of the modern New Zealand species Hedycarya arborea and the Australian H. angustifolia but are considerably smaller. METHODS We undertook comparative studies of the leaf, flower and fruit morphology of the newly discovered macrofossils and compared the in situ pollen grains from the flower with dispersed pollen grains from extant species. KEY RESULTS The leaves are referred to a new, extinct species, Hedycarya pluvisilva Bannister, Conran, Mildenh. & D.E.Lee, (Monimiaceae), and associated with fossilized Hedycarya-like flowers that include in situ pollen and an infructescence of three drupes from the same site. Phylogenetic analysis placed the fossil into Hedycarya, sister to H. angustifolia in a clade with H. arborea and Levieria acuminata. A new name, Planarpollenites fragilis Mildenh., is proposed for dispersed fossil pollen tetrads at the site and those associated with the flower. CONCLUSIONS The fossils are similar to those of modern Australian and New Zealand Hedycarya species, suggesting that the genus and related taxa have been significant components of the rainforests of Australia and the former Zealandian subcontinent for most of the Cenozoic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Conran
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity & Sprigg Geobiology Centre, School of Biological Sciences, Benham Building DX 650 312, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jennifer M Bannister
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
| | | | - Daphne E Lee
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, P. O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054 New Zealand
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Lee DE, Conran JG, Bannister JM, Kaulfuss U, Mildenhall DC. A fossil Fuchsia (Onagraceae) flower and an anther mass with in situ pollen from the early Miocene of New Zealand. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2013; 100:2052-2065. [PMID: 24107580 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1200643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Fuchsia (Onagraceae) anthers, pollen, and an ornithophilous Fuchsia-like flower from an earliest Miocene lacustrine diatomite deposit at Foulden Maar, southern New Zealand confirm a long record for Fuchsia in New Zealand and probably an equally long history for its distinctive honeyeater pollination syndrome. The anthers contain in situ pollen of the fossil palynomorph previously assigned to Diporites aspis Pocknall et Mildenh. (Onagraceae: Fuchsia L.). • METHODS We undertook comparative studies of the flower and anther morphology of the newly discovered macrofossils and compared the in situ pollen grains from the anthers with dispersed pollen grains from extant species. • KEY RESULTS The anther mass is referred to a new, extinct species, Fuchsia antiqua D.E.Lee, Conran, Bannister, U.Kaulfuss & Mildenh. (Onagraceae), and is associated with a fossilized Fuchsia-like flower from the same small mining pit. Because Diporites van der Hammen is typified by a fungal sporomorph, the replacement name for D. aspis is Koninidites aspis (Pocknall & Mildenh.) Mildenh. gen. & comb. nov. Phylogenetic placement of the fossils agrees with a proximal position to either sect. Skinnera or sect. Procumbentes. These are the oldest macrofossils of Fuchsia globally. • CONCLUSIONS The floral structures are remarkably similar to those of modern New Zealand Fuchsia. They suggest that the distinctive honeyeater bird-pollination syndrome/association seen in modern New Zealand was already established by the late Oligocene-earliest Miocene. The implications for the biogeography and paleoecology of Fuchsia in Australasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne E Lee
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kaulfuss U, Wappler T, Heiss E, Larivière MC. Aneurussp. from the early Miocene Foulden Maar, New Zealand: the first Southern Hemisphere record of fossil Aradidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera). J R Soc N Z 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2011.559665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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McDowall RM, Burridge CP. Osteology and relationships of the southern freshwater lower euteleostean fishes. ZOOSYST EVOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/zoos.201000020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Kattel GR, Augustinus PC. Biogeography and taxonomy of New Zealand Cladocera (Anomopoda, Chydoridae): a review. J R Soc N Z 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2010.512626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Conran JG, Bannister JM, Lee DE. Earliest orchid macrofossils: Early Miocene Dendrobium and Earina (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae) from New Zealand. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2009; 96:466-74. [PMID: 21628202 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0800269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fossil leaves of two Early Miocene orchids (Dendrobium and Earina) are reported from New Zealand. The distinctive, raised tetra- to cyclocytic stomatal subsidiary cells of Earina and characteristic papilla-like absorbing glands and "ringed" guard cells of Dendrobium support the placement of the fossils into these genera. These therefore represent the first Orchidaceae macrofossils with cuticular preservation, the oldest records for subfamily Epidendroideae, as well as the first New Zealand and southern hemisphere fossil records for Orchidaceae. These taxa belong in basal clades to the Vandeae/Cymbideae or Epidendreae (Earina) and the Australasian clade of Dendrobium sensu lato. This phylogenetic placement demonstrates expansion of epiphytic orchids into Zealandia by the mid-Cenozoic and an important role for southern continents in the diversification of Orchidaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Conran
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity, Discipline of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, DP312, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia
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