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Innes J, Fitzgerald N, Binny R, Byrom A, Pech R, Watts C, Gillies C, Maitland M, Campbell-Hunt C, Burns B. New Zealand ecosanctuaries: types, attributes and outcomes. J R Soc N Z 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2019.1620297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John Innes
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Rachelle Binny
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Byrom
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Roger Pech
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Corinne Watts
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Craig Gillies
- Department of Conservation, Biodiversity Group, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | | | - Bruce Burns
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nicole Welch
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Christy Leppanen
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology; University of Tennessee; 569 Dabney Hall, 1416 Circle Drive Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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Monks JM, O'Donnell CFJ. Social implications of a colony collapse in a highly structured vertebrate species (long-tailed bat, Chalinolobus tuberculatus
). Anim Conserv 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Monks
- Science and Policy Group; Department of Conservation; P O Box 5244 Dunedin New Zealand
| | - C. F. J. O'Donnell
- Science and Policy Group; Department of Conservation; Private Bag 4715; Christchurch Mail Centre; Christchurch New Zealand
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Nest Predation by Commensal Rodents in Urban Bushland Remnants. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156180. [PMID: 27295091 PMCID: PMC4905641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotic predators are a major threat to native wildlife in many parts of the world. Developing and implementing effective strategies to mitigate their effects requires robust quantitative data so that management can be evidence-based, yet in many ecosystems this is missing. Birds in particular have been severely impacted by exotic mammalian predators, and a plethora of studies on islands record predation of bird eggs, fledglings and adults by exotic species such as rodents, stoats and cats. By comparison, few studies have examined nest predation around mainland urban centres which often act as dispersal hubs, especially for commensal species such as rodents. Here, we experimentally examine nest predation rates in habitat patches with varying black rat (Rattus rattus) densities in Sydney, Australia and test whether these exotic rats have the effects expected of exotic predators using effect size benchmarks. In the case where black rats have replaced native Rattus spp., we expected that black rats, being more arboreal than native Rattus spp., would be a significant source of predation on birds because they can readily access the arboreal niche where many birds nest. We tested this idea using above-ground artificial nests to represent those of typical small bird species such as the New Holland honeyeater (Phylidonyris novaehollandiae). We found that fewer eggs were depredated by rodents on sites where we removed black rats compared to unmanipulated sites, and that the effect size calculated from the total number of eggs surviving beyond the typical incubation period was similar to that expected for an exotic predator. Our results suggest that, although Australian birds have co-evolved with native Rattus species, in the case where black rats have replaced native Rattus species, exotic black rats appear to pose an additive source of predation on birds in remnant habitats, most likely due to their ability to climb more efficiently than their native counterparts. Management of these commensal rodents may be necessary to retain urban birdlife.
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Byrom AE, Innes J, Binny RN. A review of biodiversity outcomes from possum-focused pest control in New Zealand. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1071/wr15132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, introduced vertebrate pests impact primary production, native biodiversity, and human health. In New Zealand, extensive pest control (~10 million ha) is undertaken to protect native biota and to prevent losses to the primary sector from wildlife vectors of bovine tuberculosis (TB), primarily possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Control is conducted by TBfree New Zealand and by conservation agencies. Remote, forested terrain is treated using the toxin 1080 via aerial delivery in bait with a return time of ~5 years. Ground-based control is conducted annually using traps and/or poison bait. Possums are controlled to very low abundance by these operations. Aerial 1080 is effective against another forest-dwelling vertebrate pest, the ship rat (Rattus rattus). Possum control has reduced TB rates, but collateral benefits for native biodiversity have not been quantified, making it difficult to demonstrate a return on investment. We review information from 47 accounts of responses of native biota to possum control. Of these, 60% quantified responses to aerial 1080; the remainder were ground-based. Possum control benefited vegetation by increasing foliage and fruit production, and by reducing tree mortality. Controlling ship rats and possums together improved bird populations, but rats recovered rapidly and long-term outcomes for rat-vulnerable birds are unknown.Large-bodied invertebrates also benefited from extensive pest control. We conducted a meta-analysis of 84 response measures from 35 of these 47 studies in order to provide a quantitative assessment of these findings. The analysis demonstrated that both ground and aerial control of this invasive pest in New Zealand has provided substantial collateral benefits for native biota. Few studies have taken advantage of decades of extensive pest control in New Zealand to monitor ecosystem-level outcomes, which have received only short-term attention thus far. Non-treatment experimental controls and replicate sites that enable validated assessments of outcomes for native biota are vital. Future studies would benefit from a standardised set of biodiversity indicators from a range of taxonomic and functional groupings, and from standardising experimental designs so individual studies can contribute to future meta-analyses, to strengthen the evidence base for the impacts of invasive pests on native biota in New Zealand and worldwide.
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O’ Donnell CFJ, Richter S, Dool S, Monks JM, Kerth G. Genetic diversity is maintained in the endangered New Zealand long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) despite a closed social structure and regular population crashes. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Toth CA, Cummings G, Dennis TE, Parsons S. Adoption of alternative habitats by a threatened, “obligate” forest-dwelling bat in a fragmented landscape. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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NONTARGET MORTALITY OF NEW ZEALAND LESSER SHORT-TAILED BATS (MYSTACINA TUBERCULATA) CAUSED BY DIPHACINONE. J Wildl Dis 2015; 51:177-86. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-07-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Christie JE, O'Donnell CFJ. Large Home Range Size in the Ground Foraging Bat,Mystacina tuberculata, in Cold Temperate Rainforest, New Zealand. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2014. [DOI: 10.3161/150811014x687323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Dekrout AS, Clarkson BD, Parsons S. Temporal and spatial distribution and habitat associations of an urban population of New Zealand long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus). NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2014.953551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Borkin KM, Parsons S. Effects of clear-fell harvest on bat home range. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86163. [PMID: 24465938 PMCID: PMC3899175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated effects of roost loss due to clear-fell harvest on bat home range. The study took place in plantation forest, inhabited by the New Zealand long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus), in which trees are harvested between the ages 26-32 years. We determined home ranges by radiotracking different bats in areas that had and had not been recently clear-fell harvested. Home ranges were smaller in areas that had been harvested. Adult male bats selected 20-25 year old stands within home ranges before and after harvest. Males selected edges with open unplanted areas when harvest had not occurred but no longer selected these at proportions greater than their availability post harvest, probably because they were then readily available. This is the first radiotracking study to demonstrate a change in home range size and selection concomitant with felling of large areas of plantation forest, and thus quantify negative effects of forestry operations on this speciose group. The use of smaller home ranges post-harvest may reflect smaller colony sizes and lower roost availability, both of which may increase isolation of colonies and vulnerability to local extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry M. Borkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stuart Parsons
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Le Roux DS, Le Roux NN, Waas JR. Spatial and temporal variation in long-tailed bat echolocation activity in a New Zealand city. NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03014223.2013.827125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Toth
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - S. Parsons
- School of Biological Sciences University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Threlfall C, Law B, Banks PB. Odour cues influence predation risk at artificial bat roosts in urban bushland. Biol Lett 2013; 9:20121144. [PMID: 23637390 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2012.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Odours that accumulate from roosting can attract predators and increase predation risk. Consequently, selection should favour strategies that allow prey to evade detection by predators, including changing roosts. Insectivorous bats that roost in tree hollows regularly switch roosts and roost in different sized groups, strategies that would alter the accumulation of roost odours and are hypothesized to reduce predation risk. We experimentally manipulated the amount and refresh rate of roosting odour cues at 90 artificial bat roosts in Sydney, Australia, to test the hypothesis that odours increase predator visitation. Predators visited roosts with bat faeces significantly more often than untreated control roosts. Roosts with small amounts of faeces mimicking sites used by solitary bats had the greatest rate of visitation. This suggests that bats roosting alone, rather than in groups, have a greater likelihood of disturbance or predation. Roost switching probably decreases the predictability of finding occupied roosts; however, we show that all roosts (those currently or recently occupied) were visited by predators, suggesting generalist urban predators readily investigate potential roosts. This is the first demonstration that bat odours are attractive to predators that use olfactory cues, showing that bats are at risk of predation in visually cryptic roosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caragh Threlfall
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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Roux DSL, Waas JR. Do Long-Tailed Bats Alter Their Evening Activity in Response to Aircraft Noise? ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2012. [DOI: 10.3161/150811012x654321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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