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Suzuki AC. Beautiful Claws of a Tiny Water Bear: a Review and Proposal for Claw Configuration. Zoolog Sci 2022; 39:167-175. [DOI: 10.2108/zs210087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi C. Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Keio University, Hiyoshi, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan
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Kaczmarek Ł, Grobys D, Kulpa A, Bartylak T, Kmita H, Kepel M, Kepel A, Roszkowska M. Two new species of the genus Milnesium Doyère, 1840 (Tardigrada, Apochela, Milnesiidae) from Madagascar. Zookeys 2019; 884:1-22. [PMID: 31723323 PMCID: PMC6834724 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.884.29469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of the diversity and distribution of tardigrades on Madagascar is rather poor. To date, only 13 tardigrade taxa have been reported from this region (including one Milnesium species). We examined 46 specimens belonging to two new-to-science species of the genus Milnesium described herein using an integrative approach, including classical morphology and molecular marker (COI, ITS-2 and 28S rRNA) analysis. The species were found in two moss and lichen samples collected in the Ivohibory forest in Fianarantsoa Province. Milnesium matheusi sp. nov., with claw configuration [3-3]-[3-3] and rather wide buccal tube, morphologically is most similar to: Mil. beatae Roszkowska, Ostrowska & Kaczmarek, 2015, Mil. bohleberi Bartels, Nelson, Kaczmarek & Michalczyk, 2014, Mil. eurystomum Maucci, 1991, Mil. shilohae Meyer, 2015 and Mil. tumanovi Pilato, Sabella & Lisi, 2016; however, it differs from these by morphometric characteristics. Milnesium wrightae sp. nov., by the presence of four points on secondary branches of claws IV, is most similar to Mil. quadrifidum Nederström, 1919. However, Mil. wrightae sp. nov. differs from Mil. quadrifidum by claw configuration ([4-4]-[4-4] in Mil. quadrifidum vs. [3-3]-[4-4] in Mil. wrightae sp. nov.), but also by the position of the fourth points on secondary branches of claws IV, which are located near the base of the claw in the new species and near the top of the claw in Mil. quadrifidum. Genotypic analysis showed that Mil. matheusi sp. nov. is most similar to Milnesium sp. (28S rRNA), Mil. variefidum (COI) and Mil. t. tardigradum (ITS-2) while Mil. wrightae sp. nov. is most similar to Milnesium sp. (28S rRNA), Mil. variefidum (COI) and Mil. matheusi (ITS-2). Five Milnesium taxa are recorded from the African region, including the two new species from Madagascar reported in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Daria Grobys
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kulpa
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bartylak
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Hanna Kmita
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Kepel
- Polish Society for Nature Conservation “Salamandra”, Stolarska 7/3, 60-788 Poznań, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kepel
- Polish Society for Nature Conservation “Salamandra”, Stolarska 7/3, 60-788 Poznań, Poland
| | - Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Surmacz B, Morek W, Michalczyk Ł. What to do when ontogenetic tracking is unavailable: a morphometric method to classify instars in Milnesium (Tardigrada). Zool J Linn Soc 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Identification of tardigrade species is still reliant mostly on morphological and morphometric traits. Given that the number of taxonomically significant traits available in the genus Milnesium is exceptionally low, ontogenetic variability may provide additional methods for species delineation. However, it is notoriously difficult to establish whether both immature and sexually mature instars are present in examined populations. Here, we developed a simple analytical morphometric method that helps in testing whether both immature and mature life stages are present in a given set of individuals. In order to achieve this, we analysed 21 populations representing 11 Milnesium species, with developmental tracking data available for four species. Using cluster analysis, individuals were assigned accurately to three groups of instars: hatchlings, juveniles and adults (third instar onwards). Our analyses revealed that the most useful character in life-stage classification is buccal tube length. The method of classification of instars presented herein could be used as a simple tool for identification of the number of life stages present in a population. Finally, using our algorithm, we analysed morphometric datasets underlying the descriptions and redescriptions of all known Milnesium species to date and concluded that the majority of them did not include all three life-stage groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Surmacz
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Morek
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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Roszkowska M, Bartels PJ, Gołdyn B, Ciobanu DA, Fontoura P, Michalczyk Ł, Nelson DR, Ostrowska M, Moreno-Talamantes A, Kaczmarek Ł. Is the gut content ofMilnesium(Eutardigrada) related to buccal tube size? Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Roszkowska
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Laboratorio de Ecología Natural y Aplicada de Invertebrados; Universidad Estatal Amazónica; Campus Principal Km 2.1/2 via a Napo (Paso Lateral) Puyo Pastaza Ecuador
| | - Paul J. Bartels
- Department of Biology; Warren Wilson College; CPO 6032, PO Box 9000 Asheville NC 28815 USA
| | - Bartłomiej Gołdyn
- Laboratorio de Ecología Natural y Aplicada de Invertebrados; Universidad Estatal Amazónica; Campus Principal Km 2.1/2 via a Napo (Paso Lateral) Puyo Pastaza Ecuador
- Department of General Zoology; Faculty of Biology; Collegium Biologicum; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Daniel A. Ciobanu
- Faculty of Biology; Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași; No. 20A Carol I Bd 700505 Iași Romania
| | - Paulo Fontoura
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Porto; R. Campo Alegre s/n, FC4 4169-007 Porto Portugal
- MARE, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre; ISPA - Instituto Universitário; Rua Jardim do Tabaco, 34 1149-041 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Łukasz Michalczyk
- Department of Entomology; Institute of Zoology; Jagiellonian University; Gronostajowa 9 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Diane R. Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences; East Tennessee State University; Johnson City TN 37614 USA
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Department of Avian Biology and Ecology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Antonio Moreno-Talamantes
- Especies, Sociedad y Hábitat, A.C.; Privada Cumbres Diamante; Privada Diamante Orloff #325 Monterrey Nuevo León C.P. 64346 México
| | - Łukasz Kaczmarek
- Department of Animal Taxonomy and Ecology; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Laboratorio de Ecología Natural y Aplicada de Invertebrados; Universidad Estatal Amazónica; Campus Principal Km 2.1/2 via a Napo (Paso Lateral) Puyo Pastaza Ecuador
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