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Elkamel S, Cherni L, Alvarez L, Marques SL, Prata MJ, Boussetta S, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Khodjet-El-Khil H. The Orientalisation of North Africa: New hints from the study of autosomal STRs in an Arab population. Ann Hum Biol 2016; 44:180-190. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2016.1205135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Elkamel
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lotfi Cherni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- High Institute of Biotechnology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Luis Alvarez
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia L. Marques
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Prata
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sami Boussetta
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houssein Khodjet-El-Khil
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculté de Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Ouchari M, Romdhane H, Chakroun T, Abdelkefi S, Jarrey I, Houissa B, Jemni Yacoub S. The Duffy blood group system in the Tunisian population. Transfus Clin Biol 2015; 22:76-9. [PMID: 25936942 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tunisia was described to as genetically heterogenous. Besides the 1% native Berber, the genetically influence of the Europeans seems much larger than that of sub-Saharan populations. Due to their ethnic variability, blood group variants have the potential to support population analyses. The aim of this study was to estimate the Duffy blood group system in this mixed population with enhanced characterization of samples with aberrant expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Standard serological testing for the Duffy antigen was done for 105 Tunisian blood donors. Samples with altered Fy expression underwent DNA sequencing of the DARC, RHD and RHCE genes. RESULTS The Fy(a-b+) was the most common phenotype identified in the Tunisian population (38.1%). Five samples with Fy(a-b-) phenotype were determined as FY*02N.01/FY*02N.01 by a homozygous occurrence of the FY*B-67C>T alteration. Another three individuals exhibited a Fy(b+(w))Fy(x) expression, confirmed by a FY*A/FY*02M.01 (n = 1) and a FY*02M.01/FY*02M.01 (n = 2) genotype. RHD and RHCE sequencing (n= 8) revealed altered alleles observed in black populations in 5 samples. One individual with FY*02M.01/FY*02M.01 have the silent 165C>T nucleotide substitution each in the RHD and RHCE gene. DISCUSSION The composition of blood group variants determined in this study confirms the genetically proximity of Tunisia to Europe. The small sub-Saharan genetic influence was approved by a limited number of variant samples associated with the black population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ouchari
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - H Romdhane
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - T Chakroun
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Abdelkefi
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - I Jarrey
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - B Houissa
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - S Jemni Yacoub
- Centre régional de transfusion sanguine, hôpital Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia.
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SANTOVITO ALFREDO, CERVELLA PIERO, DELPERO MASSIMILIANO. Alu insertion polymorphisms in four ethnic groups from northern Ivory Coast. ANTHROPOL SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1537/ase.131107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ALFREDO SANTOVITO
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Torino
| | - PIERO CERVELLA
- University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Torino
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Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Haber M, Martínez-Cruz B, Zalloua P, Benammar Elgaaied A, Comas D. Genome-wide and paternal diversity reveal a recent origin of human populations in North Africa. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80293. [PMID: 24312208 PMCID: PMC3842387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The geostrategic location of North Africa as a crossroad between three continents and as a stepping-stone outside Africa has evoked anthropological and genetic interest in this region. Numerous studies have described the genetic landscape of the human population in North Africa employing paternal, maternal, and biparental molecular markers. However, information from these markers which have different inheritance patterns has been mostly assessed independently, resulting in an incomplete description of the region. In this study, we analyze uniparental and genome-wide markers examining similarities or contrasts in the results and consequently provide a comprehensive description of the evolutionary history of North Africa populations. Our results show that both males and females in North Africa underwent a similar admixture history with slight differences in the proportions of admixture components. Consequently, genome-wide diversity show similar patterns with admixture tests suggesting North Africans are a mixture of ancestral populations related to current Africans and Eurasians with more affinity towards the out-of-Africa populations than to sub-Saharan Africans. We estimate from the paternal lineages that most North Africans emerged ∼15,000 years ago during the last glacial warming and that population splits started after the desiccation of the Sahara. Although most North Africans share a common admixture history, the Tunisian Berbers show long periods of genetic isolation and appear to have diverged from surrounding populations without subsequent mixture. On the other hand, continuous gene flow from the Middle East made Egyptians genetically closer to Eurasians than to other North Africans. We show that genetic diversity of today's North Africans mostly captures patterns from migrations post Last Glacial Maximum and therefore may be insufficient to inform on the initial population of the region during the Middle Paleolithic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Pompeu Fabra University), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Université el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marc Haber
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Pompeu Fabra University), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Begoña Martínez-Cruz
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Pompeu Fabra University), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- The Lebanese American University, Chouran, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amel Benammar Elgaaied
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Immunologie et Pathologies Humaines, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II, Université el Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - David Comas
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Pompeu Fabra University), Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Cherni L, Frigi S, Ennafaa H, Mtiraoui N, Mahjoub T, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Human Alu Insertion Polymorphisms in North African Populations. Hum Biol 2011; 83:611-26. [DOI: 10.3378/027.083.0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Fadhlaoui-Zid K, Martinez-Cruz B, Khodjet-el-khil H, Mendizabal I, Benammar-Elgaaied A, Comas D. Genetic structure of Tunisian ethnic groups revealed by paternal lineages. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 146:271-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome variation has been studied in Bou Omrane and Bou Saâd, two Tunisian Berber populations. In spite of their close geographic proximity, genetic distances between them were high and significant with both uniparental markers. A global analysis, including all previously studied Tunisian samples, confirmed the existence of a high female and male population structure in this country. Analyses of molecular variance analysis evidenced that this differentiation was not attributable to ethnic differences. Mantel test showed that, in all cases, Y-chromosome haplotypic distances correlated poorly with geography, whereas after excluding the more isolated samples of Bou Omrane and Bou Saâd, the mtDNA pattern of variation is significantly correlated with geography. Congruently, the N(m) ratio of males versus females pointed to a significant excess of female migration rate across localities, which could be explained by patrilocality, a common marriage system in rural Tunisia. In addition, it has been observed that cultural isolation in rural communities promotes, by the effect of genetic drift, stronger loss of diversity and larger genetic differentiation levels than those observed in urban areas as deduced from comparisons of their respective mean genetic diversity and their respective mean genetic distances among populations. It is likely that the permanent exodus from rural to urban areas will have important repercussions in the future genetic structure of this country.
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Mixed origin of the current Tunisian population from the analysis of Alu and Alu/STR compound systems. J Hum Genet 2010; 55:827-33. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Frigi S, Ennafaa H, Ben Amor M, Cherni L, Ben Ammar-Elgaaied A. Assessing human genetic diversity in Tunisian Berber populations by Alu insertion polymorphisms. Ann Hum Biol 2010; 38:53-8. [DOI: 10.3109/03014460.2010.490241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Rhouda T, Martínez-Redondo D, Gómez-Durán A, Elmtili N, Idaomar M, Díez-Sánchez C, Montoya J, López-Pérez MJ, Ruiz-Pesini E. Moroccan mitochondrial genetic background suggests prehistoric human migrations across the Gibraltar Strait. Mitochondrion 2009; 9:402-7. [PMID: 19631765 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 07/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Migrations into Africa from the Levant have greatly determined the mitochondrial genetic landscape of North Africa. After analyzing samples from North Morocco to Spain, we show that three fourths of the Moroccan individuals belong to Western Eurasian haplogroups and the frequencies of these are much more similar to those of the Iberian Peninsula than to those of the Middle East. This is particularly true for the mitochondrial haplogroups H1, H3 and V, which experienced a late-glacial expansion from this region, that repopulated much of Central and Northern Europe. Iberian Peninsula was also a source for prehistoric migrations to North Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha Rhouda
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad de Zaragoza, Spain.
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Bahri R, Esteban E, Moral P, Chaabani H. New insights into the genetic history of Tunisians: Data from Alu insertion and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphisms. Ann Hum Biol 2009; 35:22-33. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460701753729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Baroudi T, Bouhaha R, Moran-Moguel C, Sanchez-Corona J, Ben Maiz H, Kammoun Abid H, Benammar-Elgaaied A. Association of the insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene with type 2 diabetes in two ethnic groups of Jerba Island in Tunisia. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2009; 10:35-40. [PMID: 19286757 DOI: 10.1177/1470320309102314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction.The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism on the prediction of type 2 diabetes in two ethnic populations from Jerba Island,Tunisia. Methods. In this study, we analysed the genotypic and the allelic distributions of the ACE I/D polymorphism and conducted a case/control association study between healthy normoglycaemic controls and diabetic patients in the two studied groups.ACE gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction in 272 individuals consisting of 172 diabetic subjects and 100 controls. Results.The genotype frequencies for DD, ID and II were 75.50%, 19.60% and 4.89% inArabs and 76.66%, 16.66% and 6.67% in Berbers, respectively, in the case group, and 42.85%, 35.71% and 21.43% inArabs and 57.50%, 22.50% and 20.00% in Berbers, respectively, in the control group.The DD frequency was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (p<0.001), suggesting that the DD genotype is associated with an increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in our study populations. Conclusions.The current investigation provides new evidence regarding the role of the ACE I/D polymorphism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in Jerbian populations. Furthermore, it underlines the importance of ethnicity, which should be considered in all studies aiming to test the genetic effects on the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouraya Baroudi
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rym Bouhaha
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chrystine Moran-Moguel
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre of Biomedical Research for West, The Mexican Institute of the Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jose Sanchez-Corona
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Centre of Biomedical Research for West, The Mexican Institute of the Social Security, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Hedi Ben Maiz
- Hospital Charles Nicolle, Internal Medicine A, 1060 Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Amel Benammar-Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, El Manar II University, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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Ennafaa H, Cabrera VM, Abu-Amero KK, González AM, Amor MB, Bouhaha R, Dzimiri N, Elgaaïed AB, Larruga JM. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup H structure in North Africa. BMC Genet 2009; 10:8. [PMID: 19243582 PMCID: PMC2657161 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-10-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2008] [Accepted: 02/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Strait of Gibraltar separating the Iberian Peninsula from North Africa is thought to be a stronger barrier to gene flow for male than for female lineages. However, the recent subdivision of the haplogroup H at mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) level has revealed greater genetic differentiation among geographic regions than previously detected. The dissection of the mtDNA haplogroup H in North Africa, and its comparison with the Iberian Peninsula and Near-East profiles would help clarify the relative affinities among these regions. RESULTS Like the Iberian Peninsula, the dominant mtDNA haplogroup H subgroups in North Africa are H1 (42%) and H3 (13%). The similarity between these regions is stronger in the North-West edge affecting mainly Moroccan Arabs, West Saharans and Mauritanians, and decreases eastwards probably due to gene flow from Near East as attested for the higher frequencies of H4, H5, H7, H8 and H11 subgroups. Moroccan Berbers show stronger affinities with Tunisian and Tunisian Berbers than with Moroccan Arabs. Coalescence ages for H1 (11 +/- 2 ky) and H3 (11 +/- 4 ky) in North Africa point to the possibility of a late Palaeolithic settlement for these lineages similar to those found for other mtDNA haplogroups. Total and partial mtDNA genomic sequencing unveiled stronger mtDNA differentiation among regions than previously found using HVSI mtDNA based analysis. CONCLUSION The subdivision of the mtDNA haplogroup H in North Africa has confirmed that the genetic differentiation found among Western and Eastern populations is mainly due to geographical rather than cultural barriers. It also shows that the historical Arabian role on the region had more a cultural than a demic effect. Whole mtDNA sequencing of identical H haplotypes based on HVSI and RFLP information has unveiled additional mtDNA differences between North African and Iberian Peninsula lineages, pointing to an older mtDNA genetic flow between regions than previously thought. Based on this new information, it seems that the Strait of Gibraltar barrier affected both male and female gene flow in a similar fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ennafaa
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology at the Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University El Manar I, Tunis, Tunisia.
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