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MacLeod CJ, Brandt AJ, Collins K, Dicks LV. Giving stakeholders a voice in governance: Biodiversity priorities for New Zealand's agriculture. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lynn V. Dicks
- University of East Anglia Norwich UK
- University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Jolly CJ, Von Takach B, Webb JK. Slow life history leaves endangered snake vulnerable to illegal collecting. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5380. [PMID: 33686113 PMCID: PMC7970890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Global wildlife trade is a multibillion-dollar industry and a significant driver of vertebrate extinction risk. Yet, few studies have quantified the impact of wild harvesting for the illicit pet trade on populations. Long-lived species, by virtue of their slow life history characteristics, may be unable to sustain even low levels of collecting. Here, we assessed the impact of illegal collecting on populations of endangered broad-headed snakes (Hoplocephalus bungaroides) at gated (protected) and ungated (unprotected) sites. Because broad-headed snakes are long-lived, grow slowly and reproduce infrequently, populations are likely vulnerable to increases in adult mortality. Long-term data revealed that annual survival rates of snakes were significantly lower in the ungated population than the gated population, consistent with the hypothesis of human removal of snakes for the pet trade. Population viability analysis showed that the ungated population has a strongly negative population growth rate and is only prevented from ultimate extinction by dispersal of small numbers of individuals from the gated population. Sensitivity analyses showed that the removal of a small number of adult females was sufficient to impose negative population growth and suggests that threatened species with slow life histories are likely to be especially vulnerable to illegal collecting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris J Jolly
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia. .,School of Environmental Science, Institute for Land, Water, and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia. .,Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia.
| | - Brenton Von Takach
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, 0909, Australia
| | - Jonathan K Webb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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Lennon O, Wittmer HU, Nelson NJ. Modelling three‐dimensional space to design prey refuges using video game software. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ox Lennon
- School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Heiko U. Wittmer
- School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
| | - Nicola J. Nelson
- School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington PO Box 600 Wellington 6140 New Zealand
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Hare KM, Schumann N, Hoskins AJ, Daugherty CH, Towns DR, Chapple DG. Predictors of translocation success of captive‐reared lizards: implications for their captive management. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. M. Hare
- Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - N. Schumann
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - A. J. Hoskins
- CSIRO Townsville Australian Tropical Science & Innovation Precinct James Cook University Townsville QLD Australia
| | - C. H. Daugherty
- Centre for Biodiversity and Restoration Ecology Victoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - D. R. Towns
- New Zealand Department of Conservation Auckland New Zealand
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand School of Sciences Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | - D. G. Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
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Gartrell BD, Ahn JY, Khude R, Dougherty N, Johnson K, McCutchan J, Clarke A, Hunter S. Thermal burns of the spectacle associated with supplementary heating in native New Zealand geckos. N Z Vet J 2019; 68:126-133. [PMID: 31608795 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2019.1674747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Case history: Gradual onset of ocular opacity was observed in three gold-striped geckos (Woodworthia chrysosiretica), and five Pacific geckos (Dactylocnemis pacificus) held in two adjacent terrariums in a zoological institution located in the North Island of New Zealand. Ultraviolet light and heat had been provided for the previous 3-4 years by a fluorescent bulb, but in the last 4 weeks of winter a ceramic heat bulb had been added, situated 10 cm above the upper mesh of the cageClinical findings: All eight geckos presented with mostly bilateral lesions of varying severity confined to the central or upper quadrant of the spectacles. These lesions ranged from variable areas of opacity within the stroma of the spectacle to similarly distributed ulcers of the surface epithelium of both spectacles. The spectacle lesions in the Pacific geckos responded well to treatment with topical combined antimicrobial therapy, within 18-29 days. The gold-striped geckos suffered complications including dysecdysis, severe spectacle ulceration and perforation, mycotic spectaculitis, and widespread mycotic dermatitis resulting in death or leading to euthanasia.Pathological findings: In the three gold-striped geckos, there were extensive areas of deep ulceration and replacement of the spectacle with a thick serocellular crust containing large numbers of fungal elements. The affected areas of the stroma were expanded by large deposits of proteinaceous and mucinous material, pyknotic cellular debris and moderate numbers of heterophils and macrophages as well as infiltrating fungal hyphae.Diagnosis: Mycotic spectaculitis with ulceration and perforation, and disseminated mycotic dermatitis likely secondary to thermal burns.Clinical relevance: This is the first report of thermal burns of the spectacle in any reptile. There was species variation in the burn severity with gold-striped geckos showing more severe lesions, possibly due to a mix of behavioural and anatomical factors. The thermal burns to the spectacles in three cases were complicated by delayed healing, perforation, dysecdysis and severe mycotic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Gartrell
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J Y Ahn
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - R Khude
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - N Dougherty
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - K Johnson
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - J McCutchan
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - A Clarke
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Hunter
- Wildbase, School of Veterinary Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Kikillus KH, Chambers GK, Farnworth MJ, Hare KM. Research challenges and conservation implications for urban cat management in New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/pc16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, conservation efforts in New Zealand have moved from being concentrated in rural and isolated island locations, where exotic mammalian predators are often controlled, to begin to bring native fauna back to major cities. However, human–wildlife conflicts arise when conservation occurs in close proximity to cities. These are particularly intense when companion animals are involved either as potential predators or prey of high-value conservation animals. Within New Zealand, this conflict is particularly fraught around domestic cats (Felis catus) in the urban environment. Cats in New Zealand are recognised as major introduced predators of native fauna, but they also prey on small introduced predatory mammals. This dynamic causes much conflict between people with different attitudes towards animals; however, as yet, few studies have explored the role(s), either negative or positive, of urban cats in New Zealand. Here, we review current knowledge on domestic cats in urban New Zealand, identify gaps in knowledge and make suggestions for future research, which includes further social science research, citizen science-based research programs, market research, investigation into cat-management legislation, and more in-depth studies of cat diseases and zoonoses. These data are vital for informing the public and improving the management of urban cat populations, including mitigating conservation impacts. Urban ecologists will need to be versatile in the way they design and conduct experiments, exploiting multiple disciplines to both ensure scientific robustness, but also community and government support for uptake of results into management and legislation.
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