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Chang H, Feng S, Wang Y, Li F, Su Q, Wang B, Du J, He H. Isolation and Pathogenic Characterization of Pigeon Paramyxovirus Type 1 via Different Inoculation Routes in Pigeons. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:569901. [PMID: 33681314 PMCID: PMC7925627 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.569901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type I (PPMV-1) causes regular outbreaks in pigeons and even poses a pandemic threat among chickens and other birds. The birds infected with PPMV-1 mainly show a pathological damage in the respiratory system, digestive system, and nervous system. However, there were few reports on the efficiency of the virus entering the host via routes of different systems. In the present study, a PPMV-1 strain was obtained from a dead wild pigeon in 2016 in Beijing, China. The mean death time (MDT) and the intracerebral pathogenicity (ICPI) of our isolate showed medium virulence. Phylogenetic analysis based on F gene sequence showed that the isolate belonged to subgenotype VIb, class II, which dominated in China in recent years. Then, we evaluated the infection efficiency of different routes. Pigeons were randomly divided into five groups of six as follows: intracephalic (IC), intranasal (IN), and intraoral (IO) infection routes, cohabitation infection (CO), and negative control (N negative). All pigeons were inoculated with 100 μl·106 EID50 PPMV-1 virus. After infection, pathological lesions, virus shedding, body weight change, survival rate, and tissue tropism were tested to compare the efficiency of the different infected routes. The mortality of groups IC, IN, IO, and CO were 100, 66.7, 50, and 33.3%, respectively. Weight loss in group IC was higher than the other groups, followed by groups IN and IO. The lesions observed in PPMV-1-infected pigeons were severe, especially in the lung and intestine in group IC. Viral shedding was observed from 2 dpi in groups IC and IN, but the shedding rate was higher in group IN than group IC. The longest period was in group CO. Tissue tropism experiment showed that our isolate has a wide range of tissue distribution, and the virus titer in the heart and intestine of group IC and in the brain of group IN was higher. Our data may help us to evaluate the risk of transmission of PPMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyong Feng
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhuang Li
- Department of Microbiology, Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Su
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wang
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxuan He
- National Research Center for Wildlife-Borne Diseases, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Hüppi L, Ruggli N, Python S, Hoop R, Albini S, Grund C, Vögtlin A. Experimental pigeon paramyxovirus-1 infection in chicken: evaluation of infectivity, clinical and pathological manifestations and diagnostic methods. J Gen Virol 2020; 101:156-167. [PMID: 31922948 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several pigeon paramyxovirus-1 (PPMV-1) outbreaks in feral pigeons were described recently in Switzerland. The potential of PPMV-1 to induce the notifiable Newcastle disease in chickens is discussed controversially. Therefore, in order to study epidemiologically relevant parameters such as the kinetics of PPMV-1 replication and shedding as well as seroconversion after infection, chickens were infected experimentally with a Swiss PPMV-1 isolate. This generated also defined sample material for the comparison of diagnostic tests. The infectivity of the Swiss PPMV-1 isolate for chickens was demonstrated successfully by virus shedding after experimental inoculation. Our data suggest that long-lasting shedding for up to 60 days can occur in chickens infected with PPMV-1. The isolate used here was of low pathogenicity for chickens. Different quantitative reverse transcription PCR assays were evaluated with a set of Swiss PPMV-1 isolates, and various samples from experimentally infected chickens were analysed with respect to their suitability for viral RNA detection. At 14 days post-infection, virus genome was detected mainly in spleen, caecal tonsils, heart, cloacal swabs, liver, proventriculus, duodenum and kidney tissue samples. Overall, the level of virus replication was low. Not all assays used routinely in diagnostics were capable of detecting viral genome from the isolates tested. Possible explanations are the genetic divergence of PPMV-1 and the low level of viral RNA in the samples. In contrast, two methods that are not used routinely proved more suitable for virus-genome detection. Importantly, the collection of material from various different organs is recommended, in addition to the kidney and brain analysed routinely. In conclusion, this study shows that there is a need to reconsider the type of samples and the protocols used for the detection of PPMV-1 RNA in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hüppi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Ruggli
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Python
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Hoop
- Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Albini
- Institute of Food Safety and Hygiene, National Reference Centre for Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Christian Grund
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andrea Vögtlin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Virology and Immunology IVI, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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NP protein and F protein of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 are associated with its low pathogenicity in chickens. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2525-2530. [PMID: 31286221 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated which structural proteins of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) are responsible for its low pathogenicity in chickens. The results revealed that the pathogenicity of the virus is determined by multiple genes. The NP protein and F protein were found to have the strongest individual effect on virulence, and this effect further enhanced when the two proteins were expressed in combination. Our study highlights the influence of the NP and F proteins on the pathogenicity of PPMV-1 in chickens.
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Song Y, Pei Y, Yang YL, Xue J, Zhang GZ. The Ntail region of nucleocapsid protein is associated with the pathogenicity of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in chickens. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:950-957. [PMID: 31050626 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleoprotein (NP) of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) and other paramyxoviruses plays an important role in virus proliferation. A previous study found that NP is associated with the low pathogenicity of PPMV-1 strains in chickens. Here, we investigated which domain of NP is responsible for regulating the pathogenicity of PPMV-1. We found that the Ntail sequences were more diverse for different viral genotypes compared to Ncore sequences. The chimeric rBJ-SG10Ntail strain caused more severe clinical symptoms than the parental rBJ strain, increased the viral copy number in sampled tissues and induced higher IFN-γ gene expression. This demonstrated that the Ntail sequence plays a role in regulating viral virulence. These findings increase our understanding of the Ntail of NP protein and the virulence factors associated with PPMV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu Pei
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jia Xue
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guo-Zhong Zhang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Rauf I, Wajid A, Hussain I, Ather S, Ali MA. Immunoprotective role of LaSota vaccine under immunosuppressive conditions in chicken challenged with velogenic avian avulavirus-1. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1357-1365. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wei T, Deng Q, Li H, Pan C, Zhai G, Yuan Y, Cheng E, Zhang Y, Mo M, Huang T, Wei P. Molecular characterization of two novel sub-sublineages of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 in China. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2971-2984. [PMID: 30043204 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) infection is enzootic in pigeon flocks and poses a potential risk to the poultry industry in China. To gain insight into the biological characteristics and transmission routes of circulating PPMV-1 in pigeons, 13 PPMV-1 isolates from domestic pigeons isolated during 2011-2015 in Guangxi province, China, were characterized using a pathogenicity assessment and phylogenetic analysis. All PPMV-1 isolates were mesogenic or lentogenic strains and had a mean death time (MDT) in 9-day-old SPF chicken embryos and a intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) values of 54-154 h and 0.00-0.90, respectively. Analysis of the F and HN gene sequences of the PPMV-1 isolates and the Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine strain La Sota, revealed that the nucleotide sequence similarity of the F and HN genes were all < 85% between the PPMV-1 isolates and La Sota, significantly lower than those > 98% among the PPMV-1 isolates. The amino acids sequence of the F protein at the cleavage site of the 13 PPMV-1 isolates was 112RRQKR↓F117, characteristic of virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). All 13 isolates were classified as sublineage 4b by phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary distances, based on the F gene sequences. It was also found that the 13 isolates were divided into two novel sub-groups of sublineage 4b, sub-sublineages 4biig and 4biih. Since these two novel sub-sublineages had two different geographic sources, we speculated that they represent two different transmission routes of PPMV-1 in China. Phylogenetic analysis of these isolates will help to elucidate the sources of the transmission and evolution of PPMV-1 and may help to control PPMV-1 infection in the pigeon industry in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
| | - Qiaomu Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Haiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Chao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Guosheng Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yadong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ercai Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanqin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, 530004, Guangxi, China.
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Qiu X, Meng C, Zhan Y, Yu S, Li S, Ren T, Yuan W, Xu S, Sun Y, Tan L, Song C, Liao Y, Ding Z, Liu X, Ding C. Phylogenetic, antigenic and biological characterization of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 circulating in China. Virol J 2017; 14:186. [PMID: 28962631 PMCID: PMC5622419 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0857-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For many years, ND has been one of the most important infectious pigeon diseases in China. In recent years, a high mortality has been observed in ND-infected pigeons in China. Mortality is from 40% to 80% or 100% in some cases. Methods The full-length genomes of four pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) strains, which were isolated from infected pigeons in China in 2012 and 2013, were sequenced and analyzed to determine the phylogenetic characteristics of PPMV-1 circulating in pigeons of China in recent years. Furthermore, cross hemagglutination inhibition and cross virus neutralization assays, as well as animal experiments were conducted to determine the antigenicity and pathogenicity of those viruses. Proteolytic cleavage sites (residues 112–117) of the F proteins were identified as the typical virulence motif, 112RRQKR↓F117 for all four PPMV-1 strains investigated. Results Phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of complete genomes and F gene revealed that the four PPMV-1 isolates and most of recent isolates in China were highly homologous to European isolates from 1998 to 2011. All those isolates were clustered in one clade of genotype VI NDV, termed as subgroup 4bii f. The R value was calculated based on cross hemagglutination inhibition and cross virus neutralization results, and confirmed antigenic difference of the PPMV-1 strains isolated in 2013 from the LaSota vaccine strain. Several mutations were identified in the surface glycoproteins F and HN, which probably gave rise to those antigenic differences. Conclusion Our result suggested that the PPMV-1 strain prevailing in China in the last decade diverged from a common ancestor and was presumably transmitted from Europe. PPMV-1 isolates displayed obvious antigenic differences from vaccine strain LaSota. Even though PPMV-1 did not cause high mortality in experimental pigeons, the infected pigeons were exhibiting viral shedding for 3 weeks after infection, suggesting PPMV-1 is a potential threat to NDV control worldwide. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12985-017-0857-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Qiu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Meng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ren
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqin Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Tan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiping Song
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang Ding
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiufan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Infectious Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, People's Republic of China. .,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Shabbir MZ, Akhtar S, Tang Y, Yaqub T, Ahmad A, Mustafa G, Alam MA, Santhakumar D, Nair V, Munir M. Infectivity of wild bird-origin avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 and vaccine effectiveness in chickens. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:3161-3173. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameera Akhtar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yi Tang
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Tahir Yaqub
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Arfan Ahmad
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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