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Levent G, Božić A, Petrujkić BT, Callaway TR, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Harvey RB, Ochoa-García P, Corral-Luna A, Yeater KM, Anderson RC. Assessment of Potential Anti-Methanogenic and Antimicrobial Activity of Ethyl Nitroacetate, α-Lipoic Acid, Taurine and L-Cysteinesulfinic Acid In Vitro. Microorganisms 2023; 12:34. [PMID: 38257860 PMCID: PMC10819541 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Livestock producers need new technologies to maintain the optimal health and well-being of their animals while minimizing the risks of propagating and disseminating pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans or other animals. Where possible, these interventions should contribute to the efficiency and profitability of animal production to avoid passing costs on to consumers. In this study, we examined the potential of nitroethane, 3-nitro-1-propionate, ethyl nitroacetate, taurine and L-cysteinesulfinic acid to modulate rumen methane production, a digestive inefficiency that results in the loss of up to 12% of the host's dietary energy intake and a major contributor of methane as a greenhouse gas to the atmosphere. The potential for these compounds to inhibit the foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, was also tested. The results from the present study revealed that anaerobically grown O157:H7 and DT104 treated with the methanogenic inhibitor, ethyl nitroacetate, at concentrations of 3 and 9 mM had decreased (p < 0.05) mean specific growth rates of O157:H7 (by 22 to 36%) and of DT104 (by 16 to 26%) when compared to controls (0.823 and 0.886 h-1, respectively). The growth rates of O157:H7 and DT104 were decreased (p < 0.05) from controls by 31 to 73% and by 41 to 78% by α-lipoic acid, which we also found to inhibit in vitro rumen methanogenesis up to 66% (p < 0.05). Ethyl nitroacetate was mainly bacteriostatic, whereas 9 mM α-lipoic acid decreased (p < 0.05) maximal optical densities (measured at 600 nm) of O157:H7 and DT104 by 25 and 42% compared to controls (0.448 and 0.451, respectively). In the present study, the other oxidized nitro and organosulfur compounds were neither antimicrobial nor anti-methanogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Levent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA;
| | - Aleksandar Božić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Branko T. Petrujkić
- Department of Nutrition and Botany, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, 110000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Todd R. Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Toni L. Poole
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
| | - Pedro Ochoa-García
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Agustin Corral-Luna
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31000, Mexico; (P.O.-G.); (A.C.-L.)
| | - Kathleen M. Yeater
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Office of the Area Director, 104 Ambrose Hill, Williamsburg, VA 20250, USA
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.B.H.)
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Ontiveros-Magadan M, Anderson RC, Ruiz-Barrera O, Arzola-Alvarez C, Salinas-Chavira J, Hume ME, Scholljegerdes EJ, Harvey RB, Nisbet DJ, Castillo-Castillo Y. Evaluation of antimicrobial compounds to inhibit growth of select Gram-positive pathogenic or antimicrobial resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL−1) caused decreases (P < 0.05) of 4 to >7 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL−1 in Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis compared to controls. Ten-fold higher amounts of these inhibitors were needed to equivalently decrease staphylococci. 2-Nitropropanol (1 mg·mL−1) decreased (P < 0.05) E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes 2.9–3.8 and 2.4–7.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 after 6 and 24 h incubations, respectively. In air-exposed whole-plant corn silage the inhibitors caused decreases, although not necessarily significant, of 0.7–2.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 in L. monocytogenes, staphylococci and culturable aerobes after 24 h incubation, with modest yet significant (P < 0.05) inhibition (<0.1–0.3 log10 CFU·mL−1) of yeasts and molds. Tests for carry-over effects against ruminal microbes revealed laurate, monolaurin, and 2-nitropropanol inhibited methanogenesis by >50% (P < 0.05) after 24 h incubation and inhibited L. monocytogenes and enterococci. The antimicrobial activities exhibited by these compounds may yield opportunities to optimize their use to rescue spoiled silages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael E. Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | | | - Roger B. Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - David J. Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Food & Feed Safety Research Unit, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
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Božić A, Anderson RC, Arzola-Alvarez C, Ruiz-Barrera O, Corral-Luna A, Castillo-Castillo Y, Arzola-Rubio A, Poole TL, Harvey RB, Hume ME, Beier RC, Nisbet DJ. Inhibition of multidrug-resistant Staphylococci by sodium chlorate and select nitro- and medium chain fatty acid compounds. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1508-1518. [PMID: 30803130 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Determine the antimicrobial effects of 5 μmol ml-1 sodium chlorate, 9 μmol ml-1 nitroethane or 2-nitropropanol as well as lauric acid, myristic acid and the glycerol ester of lauric acid Lauricidin® , each at 5 mg ml-1 , against representative methicillin-resistant staphylococci, important mastitis- and opportunistic dermal-pathogens of humans and livestock. METHODS AND RESULTS Three methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and two methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci were cultured at 39°C in 5 μmol ml-1 nitrate-supplemented half-strength Brain Heart Infusion broth treated without or with the potential inhibitors. Results revealed that 2-nitropropanol was the most potent and persistent of all compounds tested, achieving 58-99% decreases in mean specific growth rates and maximum optical densities when compared with untreated controls. Growth inhibition did not persist by cultures treated solely with chlorate or nitroethane, with adaptation occurring by different mechanisms after 7 h. Adaptation did not occur in cultures co-treated with nitroethane and chlorate. The medium chain fatty acid compounds had modest effects on all the staphylococci tested except the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus epidermidis strain NKR1. CONCLUSIONS The antimicrobial activity of nitrocompounds, chlorate and medium chain fatty acid compounds against different methicillin-resistant staphylococci varied in potency. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Results suggest that differential antimicrobial activities exhibited by mechanistically dissimilar inhibitors against methicillin-resistant staphylococci may yield potential opportunities to combine the treatments to overcome their individual limitations and broaden their activity against other mastitis and dermal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Božić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - R C Anderson
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - C Arzola-Alvarez
- College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - O Ruiz-Barrera
- College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - A Corral-Luna
- College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - Y Castillo-Castillo
- College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - A Arzola-Rubio
- College of Animal Science and Ecology, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Chihuahua, México
| | - T L Poole
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R B Harvey
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - M E Hume
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - R C Beier
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - D J Nisbet
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, USA
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