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Alves de Oliveira E, Cavalheiro da Silva L, Antônio de Andrade E, Dênis Battirola L, Lopes Tortorela de Andrade R. Emilia fosbergii Nicolson, a novel and effective accumulator for phytoremediation of mercury-contaminated soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1076-1086. [PMID: 38059299 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2023.2288906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Soil contamination by toxic metals threatens global public health, highlighting the need for cost-effective and ecologically sound site remediation. In this study, we assessed phytoremediation of Hg-contaminated soils by Emilia fosbergii Nicolson (Asteraceae). Pot experiment was conducted using a substrate of sand and vermiculite (1:1 volume ratio), treatments consisted of five Hg concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg kg-1). Metal transfer rates were calculated, including accumulation (BAF), translocation (TF) and bioconcentration (BCF) factors. E. fosbergii roots exhibited greater Hg accumulation than other tissues, but biomass production and plant health were not significantly affected at the concentrations tested, as indicated by elongation factors and tolerance index. The results revealed BAF values between 2.18 and 7.14, TF values ranged between 0.15 and 0.52, and the BCF index varied between 8.97 and 26.58. Treatments with Hg content of 5 mg kg-1 and 7 mg kg-1 recorded the highest total Hg concentrations of 66 mg kg-1 and 65.53 mg kg-1 (roots), and 9.18 mg kg-1 and 33.88 mg kg-1 (aerial), respectively. E. fosbergii demonstrated promise for Hg phytoremediation due to its high accumulation capacity, indicated by regular TF and high BCF and BAF indexes, thus classifying it as a high Hg accumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evandro Alves de Oliveira
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cavalheiro da Silva
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ednaldo Antônio de Andrade
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Leandro Dênis Battirola
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Lopes Tortorela de Andrade
- Institute of Natural, Human and Social Sciences Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Falandysz J, Saba M, Rutkowska M, Konieczka P. Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:3107-3115. [PMID: 34386922 PMCID: PMC8732834 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young-white, large-white, and large-yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In braised carpophores, THg concentrations ranged from 0.2668 ± 0.0090 to 0.5434 ± 0.0071 mg kg-1 ww at different developmental stages, whereas crude products concentrations ranged from 0.1880 ± 0.0247 to 0.2929 ± 0.0030 mg kg-1 ww. The button stage crude carpophores were more highly contaminated with THg than at later stages of maturity, but MeHg levels were lower (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, braised button stage carpophores showed more MeHg than at later maturity stages. MeHg contributed at 1.9 ± 0.7% in THg in crude mushrooms and at 1.4 ± 0.3% in braised meals. The effect of braising was to increase the average THg and MeHg contents in fresh mushroom meals by 52 ± 31% and 53 ± 122% respectively, but a reduction of 40 ±14% and 40 ± 49% respectively was seen on a dw basis. The potential intakes of THg and MeHg from braised meals of B. edulis studied were small and considered safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego Street, 90-151, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, 63 Wita Stwosza Street, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Rutkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Konieczka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 G. Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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Falandysz J, Mędyk M, Saba M, Zhang J, Wang Y, Li T. Mercury in traditionally foraged species of fungi (macromycetes) from the karst area across Yunnan province in China. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:9421-9432. [PMID: 32954453 PMCID: PMC7567707 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to better quantify the occurrence, intake, and potential risk from Hg in fungi traditionally foraged in SW China. The concentrations and intakes of Hg were measured from 42 species including a "hard" flesh type polypore fungi and a" soft" flesh type edible species that are used in traditional herbal medicine, collected during the period 2011-2017. Three profiles of forest topsoil from the Zhenyuan site in 2015 and Changning and Dulong sites in 2016 were also investigated. The concentrations of Hg in composite samples of polypore fungi were usually below 0.1 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw) but higher levels, 0.11 ± 0.01 and 0.24 ± 0.00 mg kg-1 dw, were noted in Ganoderma applanatum and Amauroderma niger respectively, both from the Nujiang site near the town of Lanping in NW Yunnan. Hg concentrations in Boletaceae species were usually well above 1.0 mg kg-1 dw and as high as 10 mg kg-1 dw. The quality of the mushrooms in this study in view of contamination with Hg showed a complex picture. The "worst case" estimations showed probable intake of Hg from 0.006 μg kg-1 body mass (bm) ("hard" type flesh) to 0.25 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) on a daily basis for capsulated products, from 17 to 83 μg kg-1 bm ("soft" flesh) in a meal ("hard" type flesh mushrooms are not cooked while used in traditional herbal medicine after processing), and from 0.042 to 1.7 and 120 to 580 μg kg-1 bm on a weekly basis, respectively. KEY POINTS: • Polypore species were slightly contaminated with Hg. • Hg maximal content in the polypore was < 0.25 mg kg-1 dry weight. • Many species from Boletaceae family in Yunnan showed elevated Hg. • Locals who often eat Boletus may take Hg at a dose above the daily reference dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
- Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, 130015, Colombia.
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China.
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Martyna Saba
- Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, University of Gdańsk, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Kunming, 650200, Yunnan, China
| | - Tao Li
- Yuxi Normal University, School of Chemical Biology and Environment, Yuxi, 653100, Yunnan, China
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Širić I, Falandysz J. Contamination, bioconcentration and distribution of mercury in Tricholoma spp. mushrooms from southern and northern regions of Europe. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126614. [PMID: 32443241 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The contamination, bio-concentration and distribution of mercury (Hg) in wild mushrooms of the genus Tricholoma such as T. equestre, T. portentosum, T. columbeta, and T. terreum were studied, and the possible dietary intake and risk for human consumers in Europe was estimated. Mushrooms, together with the associated forest topsoils were collected from 10 unpolluted and geographically distant areas, far from local or regional emission sources, in Poland (2 sites) and Croatia (8 sites). The Hg contents were in the range 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.71 ± 0.34 mg kg-1 dry matter in caps and 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.38 ± 0.13 mg kg-1 in stems. The corresponding topsoil concentrations varied over a relatively narrow range between sites, from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.028 ± 0.006 mg kg-1 dry matter. Overall, the study results showed low levels of mercury both, in edible Tricholoma mushrooms and forest topsoils from background (unpolluted) forested areas in Croatia and Poland. The morphological distribution showed considerably greater concentrations of mercury in the caps relative to the stems with ratios ranging from 1.6 ± 0.6 to 3.9 ± 1.8. T. equestre showed good ability to bioconcentrate Hg, with bioconcentration factors (BCF) values in the range 18 ± 7 to 37 ± 18. The data suggests that Tricholoma mushrooms from unpolluted areas in southern and northern regions of Europe can be considered as a low risk food from the point of view of the tolerable Hg intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Širić
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland; University of Cartagena, Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia
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Falandysz J, Saba M, Zhang J, Hanć A. Occurrence, distribution and estimated intake of mercury and selenium from sclerotia of the medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos from China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125928. [PMID: 32069718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The contamination and distribution of mercury and selenium in the Chinese medicinal fungus Wolfiporia cocos was investigated. The sclerotial mercury concentrations ranged from 0.0043 to 0.027 mg kg1 dry biomass (db) in the inner white part and 0.019-0.074 mg kg-1 db in the shell (outer part), while selenium concentrations ranged from < 0.00048 to 0.0040 mg kg-1 db (white) and 0.0034-0.038 mg kg-1 db (shell). Positive correlations were found for mercury, as well as for mercury and selenium but they were not consistent for both morphological parts. Mercury concentrations exceeded selenium in 16 of 17 white part pools (molar quotient 0.53 to > 10) and in 11 of 17 shell pools (quotient 0.37 to 3.2). The estimated maximal exposure to mercury contained in sclerotial products based on 45 g per capita daily intake for a 60 kg individual over one week, was 0.000020 mg kg-1 body mass (bm; white) and 0.000055 mg kg-1 bm (shell) on a daily basis, and 0.00014 mg kg-1 bm (white) and 0.00039 mg kg-1 bm (shell) on a weekly basis. Relative to mercury, the corresponding intake rates of selenium were considered very low, i.e., they averaged on a daily basis at 0.00075 μg kg-1 bm (white) and 0.0097 μg kg-1 bm (shell) with maximum intake at 0.0030 μg kg-1 bm (white) and 0.028 μg kg-1 bm (shell).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk, Poland; Environmental and Computational Chemistry Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zaragocilla Campus, University of Cartagena, 130015, Cartagena, Colombia; Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Martyna Saba
- University of Gdańsk, Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650200, China.
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Trace Element Analysis By Spectroscopy Method, Umultowska 89b, PL, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
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Falandysz J, Sapkota A, Dryżałowska A, Mędyk M, Feng X. Analysis of some metallic elements and metalloids composition and relationships in parasol mushroom Macrolepiota procera. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:15528-15537. [PMID: 28516351 PMCID: PMC5487902 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to characterise the multi-elemental composition and associations between a group of 32 elements and 16 rare earth elements collected by mycelium from growing substrates and accumulated in fruiting bodies of Macrolepiota procera from 16 sites from the lowland areas of Poland. The elements were quantified by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry using validated method. The correlation matrix obtained from a possible 48 × 16 data matrix has been used to examine if any association exits between 48 elements in mushrooms foraged from 16 sampling localizations by multivariate approach using principal component (PC) analysis. The model could explain up to 93% variability by eight factors for which an eigenvalue value was ≥1. Absolute values of the correlation coefficient were above 0.72 (significance at p < 0.05) for 43 elements. From a point of view by consumer, the absolute content of Cd, Hg, Pb in caps of M. procera collected from background (unpolluted) areas could be considered elevated while sporadic/occasional ingestion of this mushroom is considered safe. The multivariate functional analysis revealed on associated accumulation of many elements in this mushroom. M. procera seem to possess some features of a bio-indicative species for anthropogenic Pb but also for some geogenic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Atindra Sapkota
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Anna Dryżałowska
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Mędyk
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry & Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Xinbin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Falandysz J, Saba M, Liu HG, Li T, Wang JP, Wiejak A, Zhang J, Wang YZ, Zhang D. Mercury in forest mushrooms and topsoil from the Yunnan highlands and the subalpine region of the Minya Konka summit in the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:23730-23741. [PMID: 27619375 PMCID: PMC5110602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate and discuss the occurrence and accumulation of mercury in the fruiting bodies of wild-growing fungi (Macromycetes) collected from montane forests in two regions of southwestern China with differences in soil geochemistry, climate and geographical conditions. Fungal mycelia in soils of the subalpine region of the Minya Konka (Gongga Mountain) in Sichuan and in the highlands of Yunnan efficiently accumulated mercury in fruiting bodies (mushrooms). The examined sites in Yunnan with highly mineralized red and yellow soils showed Hg contents ranging from 0.066 to 0.28 mg kg-1 dry biomass (db) which is roughly similar to the results obtained for samples collected from sites with dark soils relatively rich in organic matter from a remote, the subalpine region of Minya Konka. Due to the remoteness of the subalpine section of Minya Konka, as well as its elevation and climate, airborne mercury from long-range transport could be deposited preferentially on the topsoil and the Hg levels determined in soil samples taken beneath the fruiting bodies were up to 0.48 mg kg-1 dry matter. In Yunnan, with polymetallic soils (Circum-Pacific Mercuriferous Belt), Amanita mushrooms showed mercury in caps of fruiting bodies of up to 7.3 mg kg-1 dry biomass. Geogenic Hg from the mercuriferous belt seems to be the overriding source of mercury accumulated in mushrooms foraged in the regions of Yunnan, while long-range atmospheric transport and subsequent deposition are the mercury sources for specimens foraged in the region of Minya Konka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hong-Gao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - Ji-Peng Wang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Anna Wiejak
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Technical Center for Quality of Chinese Materia Medica, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
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Saba M, Falandysz J, Nnorom IC. Mercury bioaccumulation by Suillus bovinus mushroom and probable dietary intake with the mushroom meal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:14549-59. [PMID: 27068912 PMCID: PMC4943988 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6558-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the results of the study of the efficiency of accumulation and distribution of mercury (Hg) in the fruiting bodies of fungus Suillus bovinus and the probable dietary intake of Hg and the potential health risk. Fungal fruiting bodies and soil materials were collected from 13 background areas in the northern part of Poland between 1993 and 2013. Mercury in the caps of fruiting bodies varied from 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.79 ± 0.40 mg kg(-1) dry biomass and in the stipes from 0.083 ± 0.028 to 0.51 ± 0.22 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. The mean values of cap to stipe Hg content quotient varied from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.6. The Hg content in the upper 0-10 cm layer of soil substrate varied from 0.015 ± 0.004 to 0.031 ± 0.019 mg kg(-1) dry biomass. S. bovinus could be considered as an efficient accumulator of Hg, at least from low level polluted soils, and the values of Hg bioconcentration factor (BCF) varied from 6.4 ± 2.2 to 45 ± 20 for caps and from 3.8 ± 1.4 to 29 ± 11 for stipes. A conventional meal (300 g) portion of S. bovinus foraged from background areas provides Hg dose far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake or recommended reference dose set for this element by authorities. An examination of published data on Hg in fruiting bodies of fungi genus Suillus showed low contamination of specimens foraged from background areas. Also reviewed are published data on Hg in fungi genus Suillus collected worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Saba
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jerzy Falandysz
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Gdańsk University, 63 Wita Stwosza Str., 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Innocent C Nnorom
- Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Abia State University, Uturu, Abia State, Nigeria.
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