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Buyukharman M, Mulazimoglu IE, Yildiz HB. Construction of a Conductive Polymer/AuNP/Cyanobacteria-Based Biophotovoltaic Cell Harnessing Solar Energy to Generate Electricity via Photosynthesis and Its Usage as a Photoelectrochemical Pesticide Biosensor: Atrazine as a Case Study. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16249-16261. [PMID: 38617620 PMCID: PMC11007689 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In this research, a cyanobacteria (Leptolyngbia sp.)-based biological photovoltaic cell (BPV) was designed. This clean energy-friendly BPV produced a photocurrent as a result of illuminating the photoanode and cathode electrodes immersed in the aqueous medium with solar energy. For this purpose, both electrodes were first coated with conductive polymers with aniline functional groups on the gold electrodes. In the cell, the photoanode was first coated with a gold-modified poly 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzamine polymer, P(SNS-Aniline). Thioaniline-functionalized gold nanoparticles were used to provide a cross-link formation with bis-aniline conductive bonds with the conductive polymer using electrochemical techniques. Leptolyngbia sp., one of the cyanobacteria that can convert light energy into chemical energy, was attached to this layered electrode surface. The cathode of the cell was attached to the gold electrode surface with P(SNS-Aniline). Then, the bilirubin oxidase (BOx) enzyme was immobilized on this film surface with glutaraldehyde activation. This cell, which can use light, thanks to cyanobacteria, oxidized and split water, and oxygen was obtained at the photoanode electrode. At the cathode electrode, the oxygen gas was reduced to water by the bioelectrocatalytic method. To obtain a high photocurrent from the BPV, necessary optimizations were made during the design of the system to increase electron transport and strengthen its transfer. While the photocurrent value obtained with the designed BPV in optimum conditions and in the pseudosteady state was 10 mA/m2, the maximum power value obtained was 46.5 mW/m2. In addition to storing the light energy of the system, studies have been carried out on this system as a pesticide biosensor. Atrazine biosensing via the BPV system was analytically characterized between 0.1 and 1.2 μM concentrations for atrazine, and a very low detection limit was found as 0.024 μM. In addition, response time and recovery studies related to pesticide biosensor properties of the BPV were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Buyukharman
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, TR-34134 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Ender Mulazimoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Ahmet Kelesoglu Education Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, TR-42090 Konya, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Bekir Yildiz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Architecture and Design, Bartin University, TR-74100 Bartin, Turkey
- Photo-Electrochemical Systems and Materials Research Group, The Central Research Laboratory-Research and Application Center, Bartin University, TR-74100 Bartin, Turkey
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Purcarea C, Ruginescu R, Banciu RM, Vasilescu A. Extremozyme-Based Biosensors for Environmental Pollution Monitoring: Recent Developments. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:143. [PMID: 38534250 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Extremozymes combine high specificity and sensitivity with the ability to withstand extreme operational conditions. This work presents an overview of extremozymes that show potential for environmental monitoring devices and outlines the latest advances in biosensors utilizing these unique molecules. The characteristics of various extremozymes described so far are presented, underlining their stability and operational conditions that make them attractive for biosensing. The biosensor design is discussed based on the detection of photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicides as a case study. Several biosensors for the detection of pesticides, heavy metals, and phenols are presented in more detail to highlight interesting substrate specificity, applications or immobilization methods. Compared to mesophilic enzymes, the integration of extremozymes in biosensors faces additional challenges related to lower availability and high production costs. The use of extremozymes in biosensing does not parallel their success in industrial applications. In recent years, the "collection" of recognition elements was enriched by extremozymes with interesting selectivity and by thermostable chimeras. The perspectives for biosensor development are exciting, considering also the progress in genetic editing for the oriented immobilization of enzymes, efficient folding, and better electron transport. Stability, production costs and immobilization at sensing interfaces must be improved to encourage wider applications of extremozymes in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Purcarea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Robert Ruginescu
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of the Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roberta Maria Banciu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Analytical and Physical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, 4-12 Regina Elisabeta Blvd., 030018 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Vasilescu
- International Centre of Biodynamics, 1B Intrarea Portocalelor, 060101 Bucharest, Romania
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Akcali P, Kelleci K, Ozer S. Design and Simulation of the Microcantilever Biosensor for MITF Antigen and D5 Monoclonal Antibody Interaction Finite Element Analysis, and Experimental. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:256-266. [PMID: 37921167 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037259122231013153546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biosensors and MEMS have witnessed rapid development and enormous interest over the past decades. Constant advancement in diagnostic, medical, and chemical applications has been demonstrated in several platforms and tools. In this study, the analytical and FEA of the microcantilever used in biomolecular analyses were compared with the experimental analysis results. METHODS In this study, MITF antigen, which is a melanoma biomarker, and anti-MITF antibody (D5) were selected as biomolecules. A MEMS-type microcantilever biosensor was designed by functionalizing the AFM cantilever by utilizing the specific interaction dynamics and intermolecular binding ability between both molecules. Surface functionalization of cantilever micro biosensors was performed by using FEA. The stress that will occur as a result of the interactions between the MITF-D5 has been determined from the deviation in the resonant frequency of the cantilever. RESULTS It has been found that the simulation results are supported by analytical calculations and experimental results. CONCLUSION The fact that the results of the simulation study overlap with the experimental and mathematical results allows us to get much cheaper and faster answers compared to expensive and time-consuming experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Akcali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Yeniyuzyil University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kübra Kelleci
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Beykoz Vocational School of Logistics, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevil Ozer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istanbul Yeniyuzyil University, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
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Immobilized Enzyme-based Novel Biosensing System for Recognition of Toxic Elements in the Aqueous Environment. Top Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-023-01786-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Mathur S, Singh D, Ranjan R. Remediation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil through green nanotechnology. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.932424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern industrialization is progressively degrading soil quality due to heavy metal contamination. Heavy metal (HM) contamination of agricultural soil has gained considerable attention due to its rapidly increasing levels. Nanoparticles (NPs) have unique physicochemical properties that make them effective stress relievers. Material science has recently been emphasizing “green” synthesis as a reliable, environmentally friendly, and sustainable method of synthesizing different kinds of materials, such as alloys, metal oxides, hybrids, and bioinspired materials. Therefore, green synthesis can be viewed as an effective tool to reduce the detrimental effects of the traditional nanoparticle synthesis methods commonly used in laboratories and industries. The review briefly describes the biosynthesis of NPs, the use of nanobiotechnology to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soil, the effect that NPs have on growth and development of plants, the behavior of NPs within plants when exposed to pollutants and the mechanisms used to alleviate HM stress. In addition, a broad overview of the major types of nanomaterials used so far in bioremediation of toxic heavy materials, recent advances regarding HM stress and the possible mechanisms by which NPs and HM interact in the agricultural system are also discussed.
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Metal-Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Photoconvertible Fluorescent Protein DendFP. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092922. [PMID: 35566273 PMCID: PMC9104182 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and accurate detection of specific metal ions is important for sensor development and can advance analytical science and support environmental and human medical examinations. Fluorescent proteins (FPs) can be quenched by specific metal ions and spectroscopically show a unique fluorescence-quenching sensitivity, suggesting their potential application as FP-based metal biosensors. Since the characteristics of the fluorescence quenching are difficult to predict, spectroscopic analysis of new FPs is important for the development of FP-based biosensors. Here we reported the spectroscopic and structural analysis of metal-induced fluorescence quenching of the photoconvertible fluorescent protein DendFP. The spectroscopic analysis showed that Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ significantly reduced the fluorescence emission of DendFP. The metal titration experiments showed that the dissociation constants (Kd) of Fe2+, Fe3+, and Cu2+ for DendFP were 24.59, 41.66, and 137.18 μM, respectively. The tetrameric interface of DendFP, which the metal ions cannot bind to, was analyzed. Structural comparison of the metal-binding sites of DendFP with those of iq-mEmerald and Dronpa suggested that quenchable DendFP has a unique metal-binding site on the β-barrel that does not utilize the histidine pair for metal binding.
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Kumar V, Bhatti SS, Nagpal AK. Assessment of Metal(loid) Contamination and Genotoxic Potential of Agricultural Soils. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 81:272-284. [PMID: 34272567 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-021-00874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil, a connecting link between biotic and abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystem, receives different kinds of pollutants through various point and nonpoint sources. Among different sources of soil pollution, contaminated irrigation water is one of the most prominent sources affecting soils throughout the globe. The irrigation water (both surface and groundwater) is increasingly getting polluted with contaminants such as metal(loid)s due to various anthropogenic activities. The present study was conducted to analyze metal(loid) contents in agricultural soil samples (N = 24) collected from fields along the banks of rivers Beas and Sutlej flowing through Punjab state of India, using wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectroscopy. The soil samples were also analyzed for their genotoxic potential using Allium cepa root chromosomal aberration assay. The rivers Beas and Sutlej are contaminated with municipal and industrial effluents in different parts of Punjab. The soil samples analyzed were found to have higher contents of arsenic, cobalt and chromium in comparison with the reference values given by various international agencies. Pollution assessment using different indices like index of geo-accumulation, enrichment factor and contamination factor revealed that the soil samples were highly polluted with cobalt and arsenic. The Allium cepa assay revealed that maximum genotoxicity was found in soil samples having higher contents of As and Co. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong positive correlation between the different metal(loid)s which indicated common sources of these metal(loid)s. Therefore, efforts must be taken to reduce the levels of these metal(loid)s in these agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet Kumar
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
- Department of Botany, S.L. Bawa DAV College, Batala, 143505, India.
| | - Sandip Singh Bhatti
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Avinash Kaur Nagpal
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India.
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Simulation/Experiment Confrontation, an Efficient Approach for Sensitive SAW Sensors Design. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20174994. [PMID: 32899233 PMCID: PMC7506909 DOI: 10.3390/s20174994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Sensitivity is one of the most important parameters to put in the foreground in all sensing applications. Its increase is therefore an ongoing challenge, particularly for surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors. Herein, finite element method (FEM) simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics software is first used to simulate the physical and electrical properties of SAW delay line. Results indicate that 2D configuration permits to accurately obtain all pertinent parameters, as in 3D simulation, with very substantial time saving. A good agreement between calculation and experiment, in terms of transfer functions (S21 spectra), was also shown to evaluate the dependence of the SAW sensors sensitivity on the operating frequency; 2D simulations have been conducted on 104 MHz and 208 MHz delay lines, coated with a polyisobutylene (PIB) as sensitive layer to dichloromethane (DCM). A fourfold increase in sensitivity was obtained by doubling frequency. Both sensors were then realized and tested as chem-sensors to detect zinc ions in liquid media. 9-{[4-({[4-(9anthrylmethoxy)phenyl]sulfanyl} methyl)]methyl] anthracene (TDP-AN) was selected as the sensing layer. Results show a comparable response curves for both designed sensors, in terms of limit of detection and dissociation constants Kd values. On the other hand, experimental sensitivity values were of the order of [7.0 ± 2.8] × 108 [°/M] and [16.0 ± 7.6] × 108 [°/M] for 104 MHz and 208 MHz sensors, respectively, confirming that the sensitivity increases with frequency.
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Rotake D, Darji A, Kale N. Ultrasensitive detection of cadmium ions using a microcantilever-based piezoresistive sensor for groundwater. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1242-1253. [PMID: 32874824 PMCID: PMC7445416 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes the selective and ultrasensitive detection of Cd(II) ions using a cysteamine-functionalized microcantilever-based sensor with cross-linked ᴅʟ-glyceraldehyde (DL-GC). The detection time for various laboratory-based techniques is generally 12-24 hours. The experiments were performed to create self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of cysteamine cross-linked with ᴅʟ-glyceraldehyde on the microcantilever surface to selectively capture the targeted Cd(II). The proposed portable microfluidic platform is able to achieve the detection in 20-23 min with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.56 ng (2.78 pM), which perfectly describes its excellent performance over other reported techniques. Many researchers used nanoparticle-based sensors for the detection of heavy metal ions, but daily increasing usage and commercialization of nanoparticles are rapidly expanding their deleterious effect on human health and the environment. The proposed technique uses a blend of thin-film and microcantilever (micro-electromechanical systems) technology, which mitigate the disadvantages of the nanoparticle approaches, for the selective detection of Cd(II) with a LOD below the WHO limit of 3 μg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Rotake
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand Darji
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Nitin Kale
- The Chief Technology Officer, NanoSniff Technologies Pvt. Ltd., F-14, 1st Floor, IITB Research Park, Old CSE Building, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai – 76, India
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