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Zeng Y, Peng J, Liu J, Huang X. On-site extraction of phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides in environmental waters utilizing monolith-based in-tip microextraction technique. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1736:465351. [PMID: 39260149 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
On-site extraction plays a significant role in the reliable quantification of strong polar phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides (PCAs) in aqueous samples. In current study, a new technique for the field sample preparation of PCAs was developed by means of three channels in-tip microextraction device (TCIM). To capture PCAs effectively, an extraction phase based on monolith (EPM) using vinylimidazole and divinylbenzene/ethylene dimethacrylate as monomer and cross-linkers, respectively, was in-situ synthesized in pipette tips. The EPM fabricated at optimal conditions were characterized by a series of techniques and employed as the adsorbent of TCIM for the on-site extraction of PCAs. The adsorption isotherm was studied so as to inspect the extraction behaviors of EPM towards PCAs. Results revealed that the proposed EPM/TCIM presented satisfactory extraction performance towards PCAs through multiple interactions. The enrichment factors and adsorption capacity were 74-277 and 20 mg g-1, respectively. Under the most beneficial extraction parameters, the developed EPM/TCIM was successfully employed to on-site extract PCAs, and then combining with HPLC equipped with diode array detector to monitor trace PCAs in actual waters. The limits of detection (LODs) towards investigated PCAs varied from 0.071 μg/L to 0.30 μg/L. In addition, the accuracy of established approach was inspected with documented method. Compared with existing lab-based sample preparation approaches, the introduced field sample preparation technique exhibits some merits such as avoidance of transporting large volume of water, prevention of analytes loss during sampling procedure, less usage of organic solvent and achievement of satisfactory efficient in sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jinghe Peng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies; College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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2
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Borsatto JVB, Lanças FM. Recent Trends in Graphene-Based Sorbents for LC Analysis of Food and Environmental Water Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:5134. [PMID: 37446796 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent advancements in applying graphene-based materials as sorbents for liquid chromatography (LC) analysis. Graphene-based materials are promising for analytical chemistry, including applications as sorbents in liquid chromatography. These sorbents can be functionalized to produce unique extraction or stationary phases. Additionally, graphene-based sorbents can be supported in various materials and have consequently been applied to produce various devices for sample preparation. Graphene-based sorbents are employed in diverse applications, including food and environmental LC analysis. This review summarizes the application of graphene-based materials in food and environmental water analysis in the last five years (2019 to 2023). Offline and online sample preparation methods, such as dispersive solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, pipette tip solid phase extraction, in-tube solid-phase microextraction, and others, are reviewed. The review also summarizes the application of the columns produced with graphene-based materials in separating food and water components and contaminants. Graphene-based materials have been reported as stationary phases for LC columns. Graphene-based stationary phases have been reported in packed, monolithic, and open tubular columns and have been used in LC and capillary electrochromatography modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V B Borsatto
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Lanças
- Laboratory of Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry at Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo, P.O. Box 780, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
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3
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Polyoxometalate/reduced graphene oxide composite stabilized on the inner wall of a stainless steel tube as a sorbent for solid-phase microextraction of some parabens followed by quantification via high-performance liquid chromatography. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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4
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A low-cost, efficient and selective detection method of acaricide residues: adsorption study. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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5
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Prukjareonchook A, Alahmad W, Kraiya C, Kulsing C, Chaisuwan T, Dubas L. A selective and sensitive colorimetric method for semi-automated solid-phase extraction of atrazine in environmental water samples. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.108326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Magnetic Nanocomposite-Based TpPa-NO2 Covalent Organic Framework for the Extraction of Pyrethroid Insecticides in Water, Vegetable, and Fruit Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02394-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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7
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Ye X, Zhang F, Yang L, Yang W, Zhang L, Wang Z. Paper-based multicolor sensor for on-site quantitative detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid based on alkaline phosphatase-mediated gold nanobipyramids growth and colorimeter-assisted method for quantifying color. Talanta 2022; 245:123489. [PMID: 35460981 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
On-site quantitative analysis of pesticides is important for food safety. Colorimetric gold nanobipyramids (AuNBPs) sensors are powerful methods for on-site detection. However, a single quantitative method and the instability of AuNBPs in solution limit the practicability of those sensors. Here, a paper-based multicolor AuNBPs sensor involved a colorimeter-assisted method for quantifying color was developed for quantitative detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), a common herbicide. The novelty of this study lies in developing a general paper-based quantitative on-site method (PQOM) for colorimetric AuNBPs sensors. Firstly, a paper-based analytical device (PAD) consisting of a nylon membrane, absorbent cotton layers, and two acrylic plates was fabricated to deposit AuNBPs. We demonstrated the PAD could improve the stability of AuNBPs and the detection sensitivity of AuNBPs sensors. Then, a handheld colorimeter was first used to quantify the color change of AuNBPs on the PAD based on the CIELab color space. Finally, as proof of concept, the PQOM was successfully employed to quantify 2,4-D by combining with an alkaline phosphatase-mediated AuNBPs growth method. In this method, 2,4-D specifically inhibited alkaline phosphatase activity to suppress the generation of l-ascorbic acid, thereby mediating AuNBPs growth. The developed sensor exhibited seven 2,4-D concentration-related colors and detected as low as 50 ng mL-1 2,4-D by naked-eye observation and 18 ng mL-1 2,4-D by a colorimeter. It was applied to detect 2,4-D in the spiked rice and apple samples with good recovery rates (91.8-112.0%) and a relative standard deviation (n = 5) < 5%. The success of this study provides a sensing platform for quantifying 2,4-D on site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weijuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Liaoyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zongwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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Sha O, Yao J, Zhu Y, Liu H, Zhou Q, Chen L. Facile Preparation of Magnetic Graphene Oxide and its Application in Magnetic Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction of Insecticides from Vegetable Samples. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Shaban M, Hayadokht H, Hanaee J, Jahanbeen Sardroudi J, Entezari-Maleki T, Soltani S. Synthesis, characterization, and the investigation of the applicability of citric acid functionalized Fe2O3 nanoparticles for the extraction of carvedilol from human plasma using DFT calculations and clinical samples analysis. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Wang XF, Wang Q, Zhang YX, Yang JL, Zhao DH. Magnetic Amino-Modified Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Based Magnetic Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction (m-dSPE) for the Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins in Bivalve Mollusks with Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS). ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2015772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Feng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Xia Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Lan Yang
- Environmental Monitoring Centre of Ocean and Fishery, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Hao Zhao
- Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Lab. of Aquatic Product Processing, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China
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Pan X, Xu X, Song S, Xu L, Kuang H, Wu X, Liu L, Xu C. An ic-ELISA and immunochromatographic strip assay for the detection of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in bean sprouts and cabbage. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114524. [PMID: 34906920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The compound 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a synthetic plant growth regulator, which is widely used in agricultural production. Consequently, it is necessary to establish a rapid and sensitive detection method to monitor its use and prevent the environmental and human health problems caused by overuse. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2D5 against 2,4-D was prepared, and based on it, an ic-ELISA and an immunochromatographic strip assay (ICA) were developed for rapid detection. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of the mAb against 2,4-D was 1.7 ng mL-1 and the mAb showed no cross-reactivity with other plant growth regulators with similar structures to 2,4-D. Under optimum conditions, the ICA showed a visual detection limit (vLOD) of 20 ng mL-1 and a cut-off value of 200 ng mL-1 in bean sprouts, and cabbage samples gave the same results. The quantitative detection showed the linear detection ranges for bean sprouts and cabbage samples were 6.3-73.0 and 5.4-132.6 ng mL-1, respectively. The ICA was successfully applied to detect 2,4-D in bean sprouts and cabbage samples and achieved good recoveries ranging from 94.7% to 104.3% with a coefficient of variation (CV) less than 8.3%. Hence, the ICA provides a sensitive, efficient and reliable detection method, which has broad application prospects in the detection of a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China; International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China.
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12
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13
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Chen H, Luo S, Huang X. Development of monolith/aminated carbon nanotubes composite-based solid-phase microextraction of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides in water and soil samples. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:4284-4294. [PMID: 34598310 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a new adsorbent based on monolith/aminated carbon nanotubes composite was facilely prepared and employed as the extraction phase of multiple monolithic fibers solid-phase microextraction for the capture of phenoxycarboxylic acids herbicides. The adsorbent was fabricated by mingling aminated carbon nanotubes in the poly (allylthiourea-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) monolith. Various techniques were employed to characterize the morphology, structure, and pore size of the prepared adsorbent. The proposed microextraction method displayed satisfactory capture performance towards studied analytes through multi-interactions such as hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic and π-π interactions. Under the optimized conditions, a sensitive and reliable method to quantify trace analytes in water and soil samples was developed. The limits of detection were in the ranges of 0.13-0.25 μg/L and 0.20-0.61 μg/kg for water and soil samples, respectively. The practicality of the introduced method was demonstrated by applying it to monitor the contents of studied analytes in environmental water and soil samples. Satisfactory fortified recoveries (76.4-119%) and reproducibility were obtained. The achieved results well demonstrated that the suggested microextraction technique can efficiently extract phenoxycarboxylic acids and the developed method exhibits a promising potential for reliable and sensitive quantification of trace analytes in complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
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14
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Li J, Zang W, Yang Q, Yang J. Fabrication of gelatin microspheres containing ammonium hydrogen carbonate for the tunable release of herbicide. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1747-1755. [PMID: 34275026 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The major challenge in utilizing pesticides lies in identifying the precise application that would improve the efficiency of these pesticides and decline their environmental and health hazards at the same time. Such application requires the development of specific formulations that enable controlled, stimuli-responsive release of the pesticides. Gelatin is a relatively cheap material characterized by temperature-sensitivity and abundant amino acid groups, which makes it suitable for the storage and controlled release of pesticides. In this study, gelatin microspheres were prepared by emulsion and cross-linking, then they were loaded with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid sodium (2,4-D Na) as a model herbicide. To achieve temperature-tunable release of 2,4-D Na from the microspheres, NH4HCO3 was added to the formulations at different concentrations. The prepared formulations were characterized by SEM, FTIR, and size distribution analyzes, and their drug loading capacities were determined. Based on bioassay experiments, the 2,4-D Na-NH4HCO3-loaded gelatin microspheres can effectively control the spread of dicotyledonous weeds. Therefore, the strategy proposed herein can be used to develop novel, effective herbicide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wanyu Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China. .,State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection and Shenzhen Agricultural Genome Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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Determination of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Water and Edible Seeds Samples Using Salt-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01903-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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16
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Mohammadnia M, Heydari R, Sohrabi MR, Motiee F. Determination of diazinon in water and food samples using magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mohammadnia
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Rouhollah Heydari
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Sohrabi
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motiee
- Department of Chemistry, Tehran North Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
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