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Salazar Mercado SA, Correa RDC. Examining the interaction between pesticides and bioindicator plants: an in-depth analysis of their cytotoxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:51114-51125. [PMID: 39120815 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Agrochemicals are substances used to prevent, destroy, or mitigate any pest. Their indiscriminate use can cause serious problems in ecosystems, contaminating surface and groundwater and affecting surrounding biota. However, in the environment, various natural processes such as biological degradation and photodegradation can mitigate their persistence and, consequently, their ecotoxicological impact. In this regard, this study aimed to obtain relevant data on the cytotoxic effects produced by pesticides on bioindicator plants. As observed in the literature review, cellular inhibition, nuclear anomalies, and micronucleus index are some of the different impacts commonly known from pesticides. These chemical substances can cause cytogenetic alterations in a plant bioassay. Plant bioindicators such as Allium cepa L, Vicia faba L, Pisum sativum L, Lactuca sativa L, and Lens culinaris Med are very important and effective experimental models for identifying the cytogenotoxicity of pesticides. These have been available for many years. However, they are still used today for their effectiveness in detecting and monitoring chemical substances such as agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado
- Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia.
| | - Rubén Darío Carreño Correa
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrícolas y Pecuarias, Universidad Francisco De Paula Santander, Santander, San José de Cúcuta, Colombia
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da Rosa Salles T, Zancanaro LV, da Silva Bruckmann F, Garcia WJ, de Oliveira AH, Baumann L, Rhoden DSB, Muller EI, Martinez DST, Mortari SR, Rhoden CRB. Magnetic graphene derivates for efficient herbicide removal from aqueous solution through adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:25437-25453. [PMID: 38472573 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is an herbicide and is among the most widely distributed pollutant in the environment and wastewater. Herein is presented a complete comparison of adsorption performance between two different magnetic carbon nanomaterials: graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO). Magnetic functionalization was performed employing a coprecipitation method, using only one source of Fe2+, requiring low energy, and potentially allowing the control of the amount of incorporated magnetite. For the first time in literature, a green reduction approach for GO with and without Fe3O4, maintaining the magnetic behavior after the reaction, and an adsorption performance comparison between both carbon nanomaterials are demonstrated. The nanoadsorbents were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman, VSM, XPS, and SEM analyses, which demonstrates the successful synthesis of graphene derivate, with different amounts of incorporate magnetite, resulting in distinct magnetization values. The reduction was confirmed by XPS and FTIR techniques. The type of adsorbent reveals that the amount of magnetite on nanomaterial surfaces has significant influence on adsorption capacity and removal efficiency. The procedure demonstrated that the best performance, for magnetic nanocomposites, was obtained by GO∙Fe3O4 1:1 and rGO∙Fe3O4 1:1, presenting values of removal percentage of 70.49 and 91.19%, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity was reached at pH 2.0 for GO∙Fe3O4 1:1 (69.98 mg g-1) and rGO∙Fe3O4 1:1 (89.27 mg g-1), through different interactions: π-π, cation-π, and hydrogen bonds. The adsorption phenomenon exhibited a high dependence on pH, initial concentration of adsorbate, and coexisting ions. Sips and PSO models demonstrate the best adjustment for experimental data, suggesting a heterogeneous surface and different energy sites, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic. Finally, the nanoadsorbents demonstrated a high efficiency in 2,4-D adsorption even after five adsorption/desorption cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoro da Rosa Salles
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Vidal Zancanaro
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Wagner Jesus Garcia
- Department of Industrial Design, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Luiza Baumann
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Irineu Muller
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Diego Stefani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Roberto Mortari
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Rodrigo Bohn Rhoden
- Laboratory of Nanostructured Magnetic Materials, LaMMaN, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Nanoscience, Franciscan University (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Bertolo MRV, Dias LD, Lima AR, Aguiar ASN, Alves F, de Souza M, Napolitano HB, Bagnato VS, Junior SB. Photoantimicrobial chitosan-gelatin-pomegranate peel extract films for strawberries preservation: From microbiological analysis to in vivo safety assessment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127085. [PMID: 37774819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the application of biopolymeric materials (chitosan, gelatin, and pomegranate peel extract as photosensitizer) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on the physicochemical and microbial safety of strawberries. The photosensitizer potential of the materials was confirmed by a light-dose-dependent photobleaching profile. The application of light (525 nm; 50 J cm-2) decreased by >2 log CFU mL-1 the survival of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of the photoactive-biopolymeric films. Moreover, the materials did not present in vivo cytotoxicity using Danio rerio (Zebrafish) as well as cytophytotoxic, genotoxic, or mutagenic potentials against Allium cepa plant model, which points out their safety to be used as films without posing a risk to the humans and the environment. The photoactive-polymeric coatings were able to maintain the strawberries weight, and the association with green light was 100 % effective in delaying fungal contamination. These coated-strawberries presented a significant reduction in S. aureus survival after light application (5.47-4.34 log CFU mL-1). The molecular level analysis of the photoactive compound cyanidin-3-glucoside indicates absorption on UV-Vis consistent with aPDT action. Therefore, this study showed that the antimicrobial effects of aPDT combined with photoactive-biopolymeric coatings were enhanced, while the quality of the strawberries was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella R V Bertolo
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (USP/IQSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas D Dias
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alessandra R Lima
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio S N Aguiar
- State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alves
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Souza
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Physics (USP/IFSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Hamilton B Napolitano
- Laboratório de Novos Materiais, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- State University of Goiás, Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Research Group, Anápolis, GO, Brazil; Texas A&M University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Stanislau Bogusz Junior
- University of São Paulo, São Carlos Institute of Chemistry (USP/IQSC), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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Miranda LA, de Souza VV, Campos RA, de Campos JMS, da Silva Souza T. Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of pesticide mixtures: analysis of the effects of environmentally relevant concentrations on the aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:112117-112131. [PMID: 37824048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30100-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the toxicity of commercial formulations based on glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid, and iprodione, in isolation and mixed, on Allium cepa. The mixtures consisted of combinations in the lowest (M1), intermediate (M2), and highest concentrations (M3) of each pesticide. We measured physiological (germination rate, germination speed, and radicular length) and cyto-genotoxic (mitotic index and frequency of aberrant cells) parameters. In addition, we analyzed the cell cycle progression and cell death induction by flow cytometry. When applied in isolation, the pesticides changed the parameters evaluated. M1 and M2 inhibited root length and increased the frequency of aberrant cells. Their genotoxic effect was equivalent to that of pesticides applied in isolation. Furthermore, M1 and M2 caused cell death and M2 changed the cell cycle progression. M3 had the greatest deleterious effect on A. cepa. This mixture inhibited root length and promoted an additive or synergistic effect on the mitotic index. In addition, M3 changed all parameters analyzed by flow cytometry. This research clearly demonstrates that the pesticides tested, and their mixtures, may pose a risk to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanna Alves Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Victor Ventura de Souza
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Alice Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Marcello Salabert de Campos
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tatiana da Silva Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário, S/No, Guararema, Alegre, Espírito Santo, 29500-000, Brazil.
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Lycopene: an antioxidant product reducing dithane toxicity in Allium cepa L. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2290. [PMID: 36759547 PMCID: PMC9911395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29481-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study was undertaken to assess the attenuating potential of lycopene against Dithane toxicity in Allium cepa L. roots. A. cepa bulbs were arranged in 6 groups. The control group was treated with tap water while the other groups were treated with 215 mg/L lycopene, 430 mg/L lycopene, 500 mg/L Dithane, 500 mg/L Dithane + 215 mg/L lycopene and 500 mg/L Dithane + 430 mg/L lycopene, respectively. When the treatments were completed, growth inhibition, biochemical, genotoxicity and meristematic cell injury analyses were performed. Lycopene did not cause any toxic effect when applied alone. While rooting percentage, root elongation, weight gain and mitotic index (MI) decreased in response to Dithane exposure, the frequency of micronucleus (MN) and chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the catalytic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased. Dithane promoted fragment, sticky chromosome, vagrant chromosome, unequal distribution of chromatin, bridge, nucleus bud and reverse polarization formation in meristem cells. Dithane also provoked meristematic cell injuries, including indistinct appearance of vascular tissue, epidermis cell damage and flattened cell nucleus. Lycopene mitigated all damage types, depending on the lycopene dose applied with Dithane. Hence, the data analysis revealed that lycopene provides exceptional antioxidant protection against the fungicide Dithane, which has devastating toxic potential.
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