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Wu J, Liu J, Lapenta K, Desrouleaux R, Li MD, Yang X. Regulation of the urea cycle by CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation in response to dietary restriction and aging. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6548195. [PMID: 35285892 PMCID: PMC9254885 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) of intracellular proteins is a dynamic process broadly implicated in age-related disease, yet it remains uncharacterized whether and how O-GlcNAcylation contributes to the natural aging process. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and the opposing enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA) control this nutrient-sensing protein modification in cells. Here, we show that global O-GlcNAc levels are increased in multiple tissues of aged mice. In aged liver, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) is among the most heavily O-GlcNAcylated proteins. CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation is reversed by calorie restriction and is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological manipulations of the O-GlcNAc pathway. High glucose stimulates CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation and inhibits CPS1 activity. Liver-specific deletion of OGT potentiates CPS1 activity and renders CPS1 irresponsive to further stimulation by a prolonged fasting. Our results identify CPS1 O-GlcNAcylation as a key nutrient-sensing regulatory step in the urea cycle during aging and dietary restriction, implying a role for mitochondrial O-GlcNAcylation in nutritional regulation of longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kalina Lapenta
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reina Desrouleaux
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Min-Dian Li
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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2
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Zhang S, Zhu N. Gender differences in thermal responses to temperature ramps in moderate environments. J Therm Biol 2022; 103:103158. [PMID: 35027194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Some studies revealed that steady-uniform thermal environments are not the optimal environmental state to ensure thermal comfort, and temperature ramps offer potential advantages over traditional air conditioning methods. Moreover, when exposed to the same environmental conditions, gender differences in thermal responses were often observed, but the gender differences in the ramped conditions and causal relationships remain unclear. Therefore, an experimental research was conducted in a chamber by controlling the rates and directions to study the gender differences in thermal responses to temperature ramps. Three temperature ramps conditions (A: 26 °C-24 °C-26 °C; B: 26 °C-28 °C-26 °C; C: 26 °C-30 °C-26 °C) were investigated with 60 healthy participants (30 females and 30 males) recruited. The main conclusions indicated that women are more sensitive to temperature ramp-down environments than those of their male counterparts. Direction of temperature ramps had a significant effect on human responses in cool environments but no effect was observed in warm environments. Moreover, there was no significant differences in subjective responses between genders in a 2 °C ramp-up environment from 26 °C to 28 °C. Due to psychological differences, men have a wider range of temperature acceptability than women. Furthermore, the relationships between thermal sensation and thermal comfort, thermal sensation and thermal acceptability were also established, indicating that thermal sensation had significant impacts on other psychological responses. This paper has reference value for related researchers and designers to take temperature ramps and gender differences account in the design of indoor thermal environments, which benefits to improve thermal comfort, health and energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Neng Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Built Environment and Energy Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Guo CG, Tian L, Zhang F, Cheung KS, Leung WK. Associations of seasonal variations and meteorological parameters with incidences of upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:3354-3362. [PMID: 34289518 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have demonstrated the seasonal variations of non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB), but there is scanty data on lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) and the association with other meteorological parameters. METHODS We included all patients hospitalized for UGIB and LGIB between 2009 and 2018 in Hong Kong. The monthly age-standardized and sex-standardized GIB incidences were fitted to meteorological data including average temperature (AT), maximum temperature (MaxT), minimum temperature (MinT), temperature range (TR), average precipitation, average atmospheric pressure (AtomP), and average relative humidity after adjusting for prescriptions of aspirin, proton pump inhibitors, and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy using the autoregressive integrated moving average model. RESULTS Despite a gradual decline in UGIB incidences, the incidences of UGIB were still higher in winter months. The incidence and fluctuation of both UGIB and LGIB were higher in the older age groups, especially those ≥80 years. The seasonality was only identified in those ≥60 years for UGIB, and only in those ≥80 years for LGIB. UGIB incidence was inversely associated with AT, MaxT, and MinT, but positively associated with TR and AtomP. LGIB was also significantly associated with AT, MaxT, MinT, and AtomP. CONCLUSION Despite the changes in GIB incidences, the seasonal patterns of GIB were still marked in the elderly. With the aging population, the impacts of seasonal variations on GIB incidences could be considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Guo Guo
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Linwei Tian
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ka Shing Cheung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai K Leung
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Sen S, Romanowski K, Miotke S, Palmieri T, Greenhalgh D. Burn Prevention in the Elderly: Identifying Age and Gender Differences in Consumer Products Associated With Burn Injuries. J Burn Care Res 2021; 42:14-17. [PMID: 33031521 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/iraa175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Elderly suffer worse outcomes from burns; thus, it is important to identify the causes of burns in the elderly to develop burn prevention campaigns. We performed a 10-year review of burns that were registered in the NEISS database. We included patients at least 65 years old and analyzed the top five products that caused burn injury. In adults 65 to 74 years old, hot water was the most common cause of burns. Women suffered more burns by candles and cookware. Heaters/heating systems and gasoline were among the top five causes of burns in only men. For the age group 75 to 84 years old, the most common burn was from hot water in women and gasoline in men. For women, the top five included candles, nightwear, and cookware. Only men suffered gasoline burns. The majority of daywear, home/room fire, and ranges/ovens caused burns occurred in men. The majority of burns from hot water, ranges/ovens, electric heating pads, and bathtubs/showers occurred in women. For men, burns from gasoline, structural fires, and heaters are more prevalent. This data can be used to develop age- and gender-specific prevention campaigns to reduce the risk of burn injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soman Sen
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento.,Division of Burn Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento
| | - Kathleen Romanowski
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento.,Division of Burn Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento
| | - Sam Miotke
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento.,Division of Burn Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento
| | - Tina Palmieri
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento.,Division of Burn Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento
| | - David Greenhalgh
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento.,Division of Burn Surgery, Shriners Hospital for Children Northern California, Sacramento
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Kandori K, Okada Y, Matsuyama T, Morita S, Ehara N, Miyamae N, Jo T, Sumida Y, Okada N, Watanabe M, Nozawa M, Tsuruoka A, Fujimoto Y, Okumura Y, Kitamura T, Iiduka R. Prognostic ability of the sequential organ failure assessment score in accidental hypothermia: a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2019; 27:103. [PMID: 31718708 PMCID: PMC6849316 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-019-0681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe accidental hypothermia (AH) is life threatening. Thus, prognostic prediction in AH is essential to rapidly initiate intensive care. Several studies on prognostic factors for AH are known, but none have been established. We clarified the prognostic ability of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in comparison with previously reported prognostic factors among patients with AH. Methods The J-point registry database is a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study for AH in 12 Japanese emergency departments. From this registry, we enrolled patients who were treated at the intensive care unit (ICU) in various critical care medical centers. In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome. We investigated the discrimination ability of each candidate prognostic factor and the in-hospital mortality by applying the logistic regression models with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results Of the 572 patients with AH registered in the J-point registry, 220 were eligible for the analyses. The in-hospital mortality was 23.2%. The AUROC of the SOFA score (0.80; 95% CI: 0.72–0.86) was the highest among all factors. The other factors were serum potassium (0.65; 95% CI: 0.55–0.73), lactate (0.67; 95% CI: 0.57–0.75), quick SOFA (qSOFA) (0.55; 95% CI: 0.46–0.65), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (0.60; 95% CI: 0.50–0.69), and 5A severity scale (0.77; 95% CI: 0.68–0.84). Discussion Although serum potassium and lactate had relatively good discrimination ability as mortality predictors, the SOFA score had slightly better discrimination ability. The reason is that lactate and serum potassium were mainly reflected by the hemodynamic state; conversely, the SOFA score is a comprehensive score of organ failure, basing on six different scores from the respiratory, cardiovascular, hepatic, coagulation, renal, and neurological systems. Meanwhile, the qSOFA and SIRS scores underestimated the severity, with low discrimination abilities for mortality. Conclusions The SOFA score demonstrated better discrimination ability as a mortality predictor among all known prognostic factors in patients with AH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Kandori
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. .,Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Matsuyama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Morita
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Saiseikai Senri Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Naoki Ehara
- Department of Emergency, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kyoto Daiichi Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Miyamae
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rakuwa-kai Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Jo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Uji, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sumida
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Medical Center, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobunaga Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nozawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Ritto, Japan
| | - Ayumu Tsuruoka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kyoto Min-Iren Chuo Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fujimoto
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Okumura
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fukuchiyama City Hospital, Fukuchiyama, Japan
| | - Tetsuhisa Kitamura
- Division of Environmental Medicine and Population Sciences, Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Iiduka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Society, Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
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Deng Y, Cao B, Yang H, Liu B. Effects of local body heating on thermal comfort for audiences in open-air venues in 2022 Winter Olympics. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2019; 165:106363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Park J, Kim S, Kim DH, Cha S, Lee JY. Whole-body cold tolerance in older Korean female divers "haenyeo" during cold air exposure: effects of repetitive cold exposure and aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2018; 62:543-551. [PMID: 29098422 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-017-1463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chronic and repetitive diving in cold sea water on physiological responses to cold in older Korean female divers, Haenyeo, who have been exposed to cold water through breath-hold diving since their teens. Young and older females, who have no experience of swimming in cold sea water, were recruited as control groups: older haenyeos (N = 10, 70 ± 3 years of age), young non-diving females (N = 10, 23 ± 2 years), and older non-diving females (N = 6, 73 ± 4 years). For the test of cold exposure, all subjects were exposed to cold in an air temperature of 12 °C with 45% RH in a sitting position for 60 min. The changes in core temperature showed no significant differences between older haenyeos and the other two groups. The decreases in mean skin temperature were greater for older haenyeos than the other two groups (P < 0.01). Older haenyeos had significantly lower energy expenditure during cold exposure when compared to older non-diving females (P < 0.05). Heart rate was significantly lower in older haenyeos than that of young non-diving females (P < 0.05). Older haenyeos felt cooler at the face with lower face temperature when compared with older non-diving females. The results indicate that older haenyeos respond to cold through reducing heat loss from the skin rather than increasing metabolic rate. These responses are distinctive features from the cold defensive system of young or older non-diving females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonhee Park
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Kim
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwon Cha
- Mibyeong Research Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Abstract
The thermoregulatory functions may vary with age. Thermosensitivity is active in neonates and children; both heat production and heat loss effector mechanisms are functional but easily exhaustable. Proportional and lasting defense against thermal challenges is difficult, and both hypothermia and hyperthermia may easily develop. Febrile or hypothermic responses to infections or endotoxin can also develop, together with confusion. In small children febrile convulsions may be dangerous. In old age the resting body temperature may be lower than in young adults. Further, thermosensitivity decreases, the thresholds for activating skin vasomotor and evaporative responses or metabolism are shifted, and responses to thermal challenges are delayed or insufficient: both hypothermia and hyperthermia may develop easily. Infection-induced fevers are often limited or absent, or replaced by hypothermia. Various types of brain damage may induce special forms of hypothermia, hyperthermia, or severe fever. Impaired mental state often accompanies hypothermia and hyperthermia, and may occasionally be a dominant feature of infection (instead of the most commonly observed fever). Aging brings about a turning point in women's life: the menopause. The well-known influence of regular hormonal cycles on the thermoregulation of a woman of fertile age gives way to menopausal hot flushes caused by estrogen withdrawal. Not all details of this thermoregulatory anomaly are fully understood yet.
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10
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Human physiological responses to cold exposure: Acute responses and acclimatization to prolonged exposure. Auton Neurosci 2016; 196:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Diversi T, Franks-Kardum V, Climstein M. The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers. EXTREME PHYSIOLOGY & MEDICINE 2016; 5:3. [PMID: 26835005 PMCID: PMC4734854 DOI: 10.1186/s13728-016-0044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to determine if cold water swimmers (CWS) developed hypothermia over a 6-h cold water endurance swim and whether body composition, stroke rate (SR) or personal characteristics correlated with core temperature (TC) change. Nine experienced male and female CWS who were aspiring English Channel (EC) swimmers volunteered to participate. Subjects aimed to complete their 6-h EC qualifying swim (water 15–15.8 °C/air 15–25 °C) while researchers intermittently monitored TC and SR. Data obtained included anthropometry (height, mass, segmental body composition), training volume and EC completion. Results Of the nine swimmers who volunteered, all successfully completed their EC qualifying swim. Six CWS had complete data included in analysis. One CWS demonstrated hypothermia (34.8 °C) at 6-h. TC rate of decline was slower in the first 3 h (−0.06 °C/hr) compared to the last 3 h (−0.36 °C/hr) of the swim. Older age was significantly correlated to TC change (r = −0.901, p < 0.05) and SR change (r = −0.915, p < 0.05). Absolute and percentage body fat (BF) were not significantly associated with higher TC. Mean SR over the 6-h swim was 57.8 spm (range 48–73 spm), and a significant (p < 0.05) decline in SR was observed over the 6 h (−9.7 %). A strong, positive correlation was found between SR change between 3 and 6 h and TC over the 6 h (r = 0.840, p < 0.05) and TC from 3–6 h (r = 0.827, p < 0.05). Seven of the nine participants (77.8 %) in this study successfully completed the EC crossing. Successful EC swimmers swam in the pool and open water (OW); however, they swam significantly [t (7) = −2.433, p < 0.05] more kilometres (M = 19.09 km/wk ± 5.55) in OW than unsuccessful (M = 9 km/wk ± 1.41) EC swimmers. There was a significant relationship between EC crossing time and height (r = −0.817, p < 0.05), but no other variables and EC crossing time. Conclusions Cold water endurance swim (CWES) of 6-h duration at 15–16 °C resulted in TC reduction in the majority of swimmers regardless of anthropometry. More research is required to determine why some CWS are able to maintain their TC throughout a CWES. Our results indicate that older swimmers are at greater risk of developing hypothermia, and that SR decline is an indicator of TC decline. Our results also suggest that OW swimming training combined with pool training is important for EC swim success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Diversi
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Vanessa Franks-Kardum
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health and Sport, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia
| | - Mike Climstein
- Water Based Research Unit, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD Australia ; Exercise Health and Performance Faculty Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Lidcombe, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Castellani JW, Tipton MJ. Cold Stress Effects on Exposure Tolerance and Exercise Performance. Compr Physiol 2015; 6:443-69. [PMID: 26756639 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cold weather can have deleterious effects on health, tolerance, and performance. This paper will review the physiological responses and external factors that impact cold tolerance and physical performance. Tolerance is defined as the ability to withstand cold stress with minimal changes in physiological strain. Physiological and pathophysiological responses to short-term (cold shock) and long-term cold water and air exposure are presented. Factors (habituation, anthropometry, sex, race, and fitness) that influence cold tolerance are also reviewed. The impact of cold exposure on physical performance, especially aerobic performance, has not been thoroughly studied. The few studies that have been done suggest that aerobic performance is degraded in cold environments. Potential physiological mechanisms (decreases in deep body and muscle temperature, cardiovascular, and metabolism) are discussed. Likewise, strength and power are also degraded during cold exposure, primarily through a decline in muscle temperature. The review also discusses the concept of thermoregulatory fatigue, a reduction in the thermal effector responses of shivering and vasoconstriction, as a result of multistressor factors, including exhaustive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Castellani
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, United Kingdom
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Interactions between cold ambient temperature and older age on haptic acuity and manual performance. Can J Aging 2013; 32:195-202. [PMID: 23664002 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980813000184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of exposure to cold on individuals' motor skills demands a deeper understanding of the ways in which cold weather influences psychomotor and haptic performance. In this study, various facets of psychomotor performance were evaluated in order to determine the impacts of ambient cold exposure on older persons. Healthy younger and older persons performed a battery of haptic psychomotor tests at room (23° C) and cold (1° C) ambient temperatures. The results indicate that older individuals do not perform as well as younger persons across the battery of tests, with cold temperature further degrading their performance in dexterity tasks (in, for example, Minnesota Manual Dexterity test placing: F [1, 16] = 10.23, p < .01) and peak precision grip force generation (F [1, 16] = 18.97, p < .01). The results suggest that cold weather may have an impact on the occupations older persons are able to perform during the winter months.
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HASHIGUCHI N, KUMAMOTO T, CHISHAKI A, TOCHIHARA Y. Effects of Vertical Air Temperature Gradients on Physiological and Psychological Responses in the Elderly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1618/jhes.14.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko HASHIGUCHI
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University
| | | | - Akiko CHISHAKI
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University
| | - Yutaka TOCHIHARA
- Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design, Kyushu University
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Terrien J, Ambid L, Nibbelink M, Saint-Charles A, Aujard F. Non-shivering thermogenesis activation and maintenance in the aging gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:442-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Weinert D. Circadian temperature variation and ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2010; 9:51-60. [PMID: 19619672 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper, an attempt is made to summarize current knowledge concerning the daily body temperature rhythm and its age-dependent alterations. Homeostatic and circadian control mechanisms are considered. Special attention is paid to the circadian system, as the mechanisms of autonomic control are the topic of another contribution to this special issue. Also, the interactions of the core body temperature rhythm with other circadian functions are discussed in detail as they constitute an essential part of the internal temporal order of living systems and thus guarantee their optimal functioning. In the second part of the paper, age-dependent changes in the circadian body temperature rhythm and their putative causes, considering circadian and homeostatic components, are described. Consequences for health and fitness and some possibilities to prevent adverse effect are mentioned in the final section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Weinert
- Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Domplatz 4, D-06108 Halle, Germany.
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Terrien J, Zizzari P, Bluet-Pajot MT, Henry PY, Perret M, Epelbaum J, Aujard F. Effects of age on thermoregulatory responses during cold exposure in a nonhuman primate, Microcebus murinus. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R696-703. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00629.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cold resistance appears altered with aging. Among existing hypotheses, the impaired capacity in response to cold could be related to an altered regulation of plasma IGF-1 concentration. The combined effects of age and cold exposure were studied in a short-living primate, the gray mouse lemur ( Microcebus murinus), which adjusts its energy balance using a daily torpor phase, to avoid high energy cost of normothermia maintenance. Changes in body mass, core temperature, locomotor activity, and caloric intake were monitored under 9-day exposures to 25°C and 12°C in captive animals in winter conditions. Short-term (after 2 days) and long-term (after 9 days) cold-induced changes in IGF-1 levels were also evaluated. In thermoneutral conditions (25°C), general characteristics of the daily rhythm of core temperature were preserved with age. At 12°C, age-related changes were mainly characterized by a deeper hypothermia and an increased frequency of torpor phases, associated with a loss of body mass. A short-term cold-induced decrease in plasma IGF-1 levels was observed. IGF-1 levels returned to basal values after 9 days of cold exposure. No significant effect of age could be evidenced on IGF-1 response. However, IGF-1 levels of cold-exposed aged animals were negatively correlated with the frequency of daily torpor. Responses exhibited by aged mouse lemurs exposed to cold revealed difficulties in the maintenance of normothermia and energy balance and might involve modulations of IGF-1 levels.
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Boyce RW. An Ergonomic Approach to the Aging Workforce Utilizing This Valuable Resource to Best Advantage by Integrating Ergonomics, Health Promotion and Employee Assistance Programs. JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE BEHAVIORAL HEALTH 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15555240802189588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Elder neglect, one of the 6 forms of elder maltreatment, is difficult to diagnose and is underreported both in the scientific literature and to law enforcement. Recognizing fatal neglect is even more challenging especially with concurrent organic disease. Many entities can mimic elder neglect, and many age-related changes can result in pathology that may be confused with maltreatment. We retrospectively reviewed all forensic cases of individuals age sixty-five years and older which were referred for autopsy. Cases of fatal neglect were analyzed as to age, sex, race, cause of death, location of incident, perpetrator, victim-to-perpetrator relationship, and autopsy and ancillary findings. The cases studies totaled 8. The age range was 74 to 94 years. Two were white, 6 black, one male, and 7 female. The causes of death were sepsis due to severe decubitus ulcers and severe dehydration. Five cases occurred in the victim's home, and 3 occurred in an institution (nursing home/care facility). In 5 cases, the perpetrators were family members. The pathophysiology of aging with respect to elder maltreatment is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Collins
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Section, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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Hawkins MN, Raven PB, Snell PG, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: prevention of cold injuries during exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39:103-7. [PMID: 17218891 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000241641.75101.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is the position of the American College of Sports Medicine that exercise can be performed safely in most cold-weather environments without incurring cold-weather injuries. The key to prevention is use of a comprehensive risk management strategy that: a) identifies/assesses the cold hazard; b) identifies/assesses contributing factors for cold-weather injuries; c) develops controls to mitigate cold stress/strain; d) implements controls into formal plans; and e) utilizes administrative oversight to ensure controls are enforced or modified. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends that: 1) coaches/athletes/medical personnel know the signs/symptoms and risk factors for hypothermia, frostbite, and non-freezing cold injuries, identify individuals susceptible to cold injuries, and have the latest up-to-date information about current and future weather conditions before conducting training sessions or competitions; 2) cold-weather clothing be chosen based on each individual's requirements and that standardized clothing ensembles not be mandated for entire groups; 3) the wind-chill temperature index be used to estimate the relative risk of frostbite and that heightened surveillance of exercisers be used at wind-chill temperatures below -27 degrees C (-18 degrees F); and 4) individuals with asthma and cardiovascular disease can exercise in cold environments, but should be monitored closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Hawkins
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, 7232 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231, USA
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Aujard F, Séguy M, Terrien J, Botalla R, Blanc S, Perret M. Behavioral thermoregulation in a non human primate: Effects of age and photoperiod on temperature selection. Exp Gerontol 2006; 41:784-92. [PMID: 16842958 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2006] [Revised: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in autonomic thermoregulatory capacities have been identified in aged humans and animals, but little is known about the effect of aging on behavioral thermoregulation and the potential effect of season. Preferred ambient temperature (T(a)) in a thermal gradient (available T(a)s from 10 to 30 degrees C) was measured in the mouse lemur, a nocturnal Malagasy primate. Male mouse lemurs (40 adults and 40 aged) were studied under short (SP, resting season) and long photoperiod (LP, breeding season). Additionally, daily body temperature rhythm was telemetrically recorded in 30 individuals of both age categories. In adults exposed to SP, a choice for warm climates was observed, with a mean diurnal T(a) of 26 degrees C. Day-night differences in selected T(a) occurred only in animals exposed to SP. In LP, selection of a warm environment did not seem to be a necessary factor for maintenance of normothermia. Aged animals selected warmer T(a)s than adults during the night like during the day, whatever the photoperiod. In relation to changes in body temperature rhythm according to age, aged animals would select warmer environments possibly to compensate autonomic deficiencies. Further studies on age-related changes in hormonal and cellular functions involved in energy balance and thermoregulation will help decipher the causes of insufficient responses to thermal stress observed in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Aujard
- Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, UMR CNRS/MNHN 5176, 4 avenue du Petit Château, 91800 Brunoy, France.
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Jeong WS. Clothing selection behavior of the aged women for thermal comfort. APPLIED HUMAN SCIENCE : JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1999; 18:87-90. [PMID: 10462839 DOI: 10.2114/jpa.18.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Wearing behavior and thermoregulatory responses of five young women (YG; 20 +/- 1 yr) and five aged women (AG; 65 +/- 3 yr) to indoor cold in summer were investigated in this study. The subjects were exposed to 21.0 +/- 0.5 degrees C and 55 +/- 5% RH while seated during a 90-minute experiment. The subjects were allowed to select and wear for thermal comfort clothing whenever they needed additional clothing during the experiment. Rectal temperature (Tre) and temperatures of 7 sites (head, chest, forearm, hand, thigh, leg, foot) of the skin of the subjects were measured every 10 minutes. Mean skin temperature (Tsk) of the subject was obtained every 10 minutes. First selection time of additional clothing was monitored and weight of selected total clothing was calculated. The results for this study were as follows: Tre and Tsk gradually decreased in YG and AG, however Tre decreased less than Tsk which decreased greater in AG than YG (p < 0.01). AG's first selection of additional clothing and thermal sensation response were slower than YG's. Furthermore, total clothing weight was less in AG than YG. It was concluded that clothing selection behavior would modify the intrinsic thermoregulatory responses of the aged women to the cold stress in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Jeong
- Department of Clothing & Textiles, Andong National University, Korea.
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