The prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis among 18- to 49-year-old Turkish women

The effect of health belief model-based short interviews in women in the postmenopausal period on the prevention of osteoporosis: A randomized controlled trial

AIM

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of health belief model-based short interviews on preventive behaviours for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

DESIGN AND METHODS

A randomized pretest, posttest and follow-up design was used. The study was conducted between June 2016 and June 2017 with an intervention (n = 41) and a control group (n = 41). The intervention group applied the Short Interviews Model for 12 weeks as a short interview programme that was created based on the health belief model. The study data were collected by the researcher using a descriptive information form, the Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale, the Osteoporosis Self-efficacy Scale and the Osteoporosis Knowledge Test.

RESULTS

In the posttest and follow-up measurements, the mean scores of the intervention group on the total Osteoporosis Health Belief Scale and its self-efficacy and exercise sub-dimensions and the total Osteoporosis Knowledge Test and its sub-dimensions were significantly higher than those of the control group.

CONCLUSION

The short interviews held in this study provided evidence to guide women and nurses in the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It is recommended that the prevention of osteoporosis should be integrated into women's health programmes at the primary health-care level.

Interventions Preventing Osteoporosis in Primary Care: A Systematic Review

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to find interventions in primary health care that would increase osteoporosis prevention behaviors. Methods: Systematic searches of CINAHL, Eric, Medline complete, PsycInfo, Ovid, Web of Science, Cochrane Library (N=1270). A total of 17 published articles met our inclusion criteria. English-language articles published between January 2000-May 2019, in primary care settings, participants with healthy or risk of osteoporosis, investigated osteoporosis preventing behaviors. The data extracted included population characteristics, diagnosis, mean age and setting, intervention and control groups, and outcomes of significance to the review question and specific objectives. In this review, a meta-analysis could not be performed due to the heterogeneity of the data. Results: The majority of studies have been found to use multiple strategies to prevent osteoporosis. Eight studies focused only on the female gender and seven studies focused only on older adults. Compared to the control groups, it was found that the participants’ osteoporosis knowledge increased significantly (p

The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis affects all sections of society, including families with people affected by osteoporosis, government agencies and medical institutes in various fields. For example, it involves the patient and his/her family members, and government agencies in terms of the cost of treatment and medical care. Providing a comprehensive picture of the prevalence of osteoporosis globally is important for health policymakers to make appropriate decisions. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide.

METHODS

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted in accordance with the PRISMA criteria. The PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, Scopus, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases were searched with no lower time limit up till 26 August 2020. The heterogeneity of the studies was measured using the I2 test, and the publication bias was assessed by the Begg and Mazumdar's test at the significance level of 0.1.

RESULTS

After following the systematic review processes, 86 studies were selected for meta-analysis. The sample size of the study was 103,334,579 people in the age range of 15-105 years. Using meta-analysis, the prevalence of osteoporosis in the world was reported to be 18.3 (95% CI 16.2-20.7). Based on 70 studies and sample size of 800,457 women, and heterogenicity I2: 99.8, the prevalence of osteoporosis in women of the world was reported to be 23.1 (95% CI 19.8-26.9), while the prevalence of osteoporosis among men of the world was found to be 11.7 (95% CI 9.6-14.1 which was based on 40 studies and sample size of 453,964 men.). The highest prevalence of osteoporosis was reported in Africa with 39.5% (95% CI 22.3-59.7) and a sample size of 2989 people with the age range 18-95 years.

CONCLUSION

According to the medical, economic, and social burden of osteoporosis, providing a robust and comprehensive estimate of the prevalence of osteoporosis in the world can facilitate decisions in health system planning and policymaking, including an overview of the current and outlook for the future; provide the necessary facilities for the treatment of people with osteoporosis; reduce the severe risks that lead to death by preventing fractures; and, finally, monitor the overall state of osteoporosis in the world. This study is the first to report a structured review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of osteoporosis worldwide.

Risk factors for recurrent pulmonary exacerbation in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

OBJECTIVES

To evaluate the risk factors of recurrent pulmonary exacerbation and poor prognosis in children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH).

METHODS

In this multicenter study, 54 patients with a diagnosis of IPH were included. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from three tertiary care hospitals between 1979 and 2019. Also, current information and the long-term progress of patients was determined by contacting the families by telephone.

RESULTS

A total of 54 children were included. The median age of onset of symptoms was 4.5 years (3 months to 15.8 years). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 0.9 years (0.25 months to 12 years). The mean number of recurrent episodes per child in the recurrence-positive group was 3.55 (1-15). Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients presenting with hypoxia or requiring transfusion at the time of presentation had significantly more recurrence episodes (p = .002). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of hypoxia at the time of initial presentation was a significant independent predictor of recurrent episodes (p = .027). The median follow-up was 3.3 years (0.75 months to 27 years). There was a significant relationship between the presence of hypoxia, transfusion history, antinuclear antibody positivity, and elevated transaminases at the time of initial evaluation and treatment response.

CONCLUSIONS

The present study provides substantial information regarding factors that may affect recurrent exacerbations and prognosis in children with IPH. Demonstrating hypoxia as an independent risk factor in recurrence episodes could guide physicians in the planning of treatment strategies.