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Cai S, Ding Z, Liu X, Zeng J. Trabectedin induces ferroptosis via regulation of HIF-1α/IRP1/TFR1 and Keap1/Nrf2/GPX4 axis in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110262. [PMID: 36396105 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a global health concern. NSCLC treatment outcomes are generally poor due to treatment resistance or toxicity. Ferroptosis is a novel cell death triggered by iron accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation. Ferroptosis may kill cancer cells, particularly those resistant to apoptosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay assessed NSCLC cell viability after trabectedin treatment. Flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC staining evaluated cell death. ROS, iron, lipid peroxidation, and GSH levels were measured using commercial kits. qRT-PCR and western blots evaluated messenger RNA and protein levels. Proteins were inhibited using short interfering RNA transfection and specific inhibitors. RESULTS Trabectedin was cytotoxic to NSCLC cells regardless of p53 status. Trabectedin upregulated iron, ROS, and lipid peroxidation in NSCLC cells, causing ferroptosis. Trabectedin increases iron and ROS levels by upregulating transferrin receptor 1 and the HIF-1/IRP1 axis. In NSCLC cells, trabectedin suppresses glutathione peroxidase 4, followed by the Keap1/Nrf2 axis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings imply that trabectedin may treat NSCLC effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunv Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zewu Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital). Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment Technology on Thoracic Oncology (Lung and Esophagus), The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Haferkamp S, Drexler K, Federlin M, Schlitt HJ, Berneburg M, Adamski J, Gaumann A, Geissler EK, Ganapathy V, Parkinson EK, Mycielska ME. Extracellular Citrate Fuels Cancer Cell Metabolism and Growth. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:602476. [PMID: 33425906 PMCID: PMC7793864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.602476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells need excess energy and essential nutrients/metabolites not only to divide and proliferate but also to migrate and invade distant organs for metastasis. Fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, considered a hallmark of cancer for anabolism and membrane biogenesis, requires citrate. We review here potential pathways in which citrate is synthesized and/or supplied to cancer cells and the impact of extracellular citrate on cancer cell metabolism and growth. Cancer cells employ different mechanisms to support mitochondrial activity and citrate synthesis when some of the necessary substrates are missing in the extracellular space. We also discuss the different transport mechanisms available for the entry of extracellular citrate into cancer cells and how citrate as a master metabolite enhances ATP production and fuels anabolic pathways. The available literature suggests that cancer cells show an increased metabolic flexibility with which they tackle changing environmental conditions, a phenomenon crucial for cancer cell proliferation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marianne Federlin
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andreas Gaumann
- Institute of Pathology, Kaufbeuren-Ravensburg, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - Edward K. Geissler
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - E. Kenneth Parkinson
- Center for Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Mycielska
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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3
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Zhang J, Chen X. p53 tumor suppressor and iron homeostasis. FEBS J 2018; 286:620-629. [PMID: 30133149 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all living organisms and plays a vital role in many fundamental biochemical processes, such as oxygen transport, energy metabolism, and DNA synthesis. Due to its capability to produce free radicals, iron has deleterious effects and thus, its level needs to be tightly controlled in the body. Deregulation of iron metabolism is known to cause diseases, including anemia by iron deficiency and hereditary hemochromatosis by iron overload. Interestingly, dysregulated iron metabolism occurs frequently in tumor cells and contributes to tumorigenesis. In this review, we will discuss the role of p53 tumor suppressor in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, CA, USA
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, CA, USA
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Heme Oxygenase Induction Suppresses Hepatic Hepcidin and Rescues Ferroportin and Ferritin Expression in Obese Mice. J Nutr Metab 2017; 2017:4964571. [PMID: 29062571 PMCID: PMC5618758 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4964571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin, a phase II reactant secreted by hepatocytes, regulates cellular iron levels by increasing internalization of ferroportin-a transmembrane protein facilitating egress of cellular iron. Chronic low-grade inflammatory states, such as obesity, have been shown to increase oxidative stress and enhance hepcidin secretion from hepatocytes and macrophages. Heme-heme oxygenase (HO) is a stress response system which reduces oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of HO-1 induction on hepatic hepcidin levels and on iron homeostasis in hepatic tissues from lean and obese mice. Obese mice exhibited hyperglycemia (p < 0.05); increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (MCP-1, IL-6, p < 0.05); oxidative stress (p < 0.05); and increased hepatic hepcidin levels (p < 0.05). Enhancement of hepcidin was reflected in the reduced expression of ferroportin in obese mice (p < 0.05). However, this effect is accompanied by a significant decline in ferritin expression. Additionally, there are reduced insulin receptor phosphorylation and attenuation of metabolic regulators pAMPK, pAKT, and pLKB1. Cobalt protoporphyrin- (CoPP-) induced HO-1 upregulation in obese mice reversed these alterations (p < 0.05), while attenuating hepatic hepcidin levels. These effects of CoPP were prevented in obese mice concurrently exposed to an inhibitor of HO (SnMP) (p < 0.05). Our results highlight a modulatory effect of HO on iron homeostasis mediated through the suppression of hepatic hepcidin.
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Xia H, Li B, Zhang Z, Wang Q, Qiao T, Li K. Human glutaredoxin 3 can bind and effectively transfer [4Fe-4S] cluster to apo-iron regulatory protein 1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:620-4. [PMID: 26296460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glutaredoxin 3 (GLRX3) is a member of monothiol glutaredoxins with a CGFS active site that has been demonstrated to function in cellular iron sensing and trafficking via its bound iron-sulfur cluster. Human GLRX3 has been shown to form a dimer that binds two bridging [2Fe-2S] clusters with glutathione (GSH) as a ligand, assembling a compound 2GLRX3-2[2Fe-2S]-4GSH. Each iron of the iron-sulfur clusters is bound to the thiols of the cysteines, one of which is from the active site of GLRX3, the other from the noncovalently bound GSH. Here, we show that the recombinant human GLRX3 isolated anaerobically from Escherichia coli can incorporate [4Fe-4S] cluster in the absence of GSH, revealed by spectral and enzymatic analysis. [4Fe-4S] cluster-containing GLRX3 is competent for converting iron regulatory protein 1 (apo-IRP1) into aconitase within 30 min, via intact iron-sulfur cluster transfer. These in vitro studies suggest that human GLRX3 is important for cytosolic Fe-S protein maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binghua Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Qiao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kuanyu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Lawen A, Lane DJR. Mammalian iron homeostasis in health and disease: uptake, storage, transport, and molecular mechanisms of action. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013. [PMID: 23199217 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a crucial factor for life. However, it also has the potential to cause the formation of noxious free radicals. These double-edged sword characteristics demand a tight regulation of cellular iron metabolism. In this review, we discuss the various pathways of cellular iron uptake, cellular iron storage, and transport. Recent advances in understanding the reduction and uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron are discussed. We also discuss the recent progress in the understanding of transcriptional and translational regulation by iron. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of the regulation of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis and several key diseases resulting from iron deficiency and overload. We also discuss the knockout mice available for studying iron metabolism and the related human conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfons Lawen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Anderson CP, Shen M, Eisenstein RS, Leibold EA. Mammalian iron metabolism and its control by iron regulatory proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2012; 1823:1468-83. [PMID: 22610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular iron homeostasis is maintained by iron regulatory proteins 1 and 2 (IRP1 and IRP2). IRPs bind to iron-responsive elements (IREs) located in the untranslated regions of mRNAs encoding protein involved in iron uptake, storage, utilization and export. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in understanding how IRPs are regulated by iron-dependent and iron-independent mechanisms and the pathological consequences of IRP2 deficiency in mice. The identification of novel IREs involved in diverse cellular pathways has revealed that the IRP-IRE network extends to processes other than iron homeostasis. A mechanistic understanding of IRP regulation will likely yield important insights into the basis of disorders of iron metabolism. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cell Biology of Metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cole P Anderson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, 15 N. 2030 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Benjamin JAM, Desnoyers G, Morissette A, Salvail H, Massé E. Dealing with oxidative stress and iron starvation in microorganisms: an overview. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 88:264-72. [PMID: 20393591 DOI: 10.1139/y10-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron starvation and oxidative stress are 2 hurdles that bacteria must overcome to establish an infection. Pathogenic bacteria have developed many strategies to efficiently infect a broad range of hosts, including humans. The best characterized systems make use of regulatory proteins to sense the environment and adapt accordingly. For example, iron-sulfur clusters are critical for sensing the level and redox state of intracellular iron. The regulatory small RNA (sRNA) RyhB has recently been shown to play a central role in adaptation to iron starvation, while the sRNA OxyS coordinates cellular response to oxidative stress. These regulatory sRNAs are well conserved in many bacteria and have been shown to be essential for establishing a successful infection. An overview of the different strategies used by bacteria to cope with iron starvation and oxidative stress is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anna M Benjamin
- Department of Biochemistry, RNA Group, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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