1
|
Vozniuk O, Kejík Z, Veselá K, Skaličková M, Novotný P, Hromádka R, Hajduch J, Martásek P, Jakubek M. A Fast HPLC/UV Method for Determination of Ketoprofen in Cellular Media. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300147. [PMID: 37955865 PMCID: PMC10924040 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, sensitive and quick HPLC method was developed for the determination of ketoprofen in cell culture media (EMEM, DMEM, RPMI). Separation was performed using a gradient on the C18 column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile and miliQ water acidified by 0.1 % (v/v) formic acid. The method was validated for parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantitation and limit of detection, as well as robustness. The response was found linear over the range of 3-100 μg/mL as demonstrated by the acquired value of correlation coefficient R2=0.9997. The described method is applicable for determination of various pharmacokinetic aspects of ketoprofen in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Vozniuk
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and Technology166 28PragueCzech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Kejík
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and Technology166 28PragueCzech Republic
| | - Kateřina Veselá
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
| | - Markéta Skaličková
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
| | - Petr Novotný
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
| | - Róbert Hromádka
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Martásek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic DisordersFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University and General University Hospital in PragueKe Karlovu 455/2128 08PragueCzech Republic
- BIOCEVFirst Faculty of MedicineCharles University252 20VestecCzech Republic
- Department of Analytical ChemistryFaculty of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of Chemistry and Technology166 28PragueCzech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Almotairi N, Mahrous GM, Al-suwayeh S, Kazi M. Design and Optimization of Lornoxicam Dispersible Tablets Using Quality by Design (QbD) Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121463. [PMID: 36558914 PMCID: PMC9785951 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to design and optimize the lornoxicam dispersible tablet (LXDT) formulation using the Quality by design (QbD) approach. A randomized Box-Behnken experimental design was used to characterize the effect of the critical factors, such as filler (MCC/Mannitol) ratio, mixing time, and disintegrant concentration, and assessed for their impacts on the critical quality attributes (responses), including dispersibility time, friability, dissolution efficiency, and content uniformity, respectively. The drug-excipients interaction of the formulation was investigated using FTIR and DSC, respectively. The accelerated stability study at 40 °C/75% relative humidity was performed. FTIR revealed an absence of any significant chemical interaction in solid state. DSC thermogram suggested that LX endothermic peak was slightly decreased due to the dilution effect. LXDT formulations exhibited acceptable friability (0.2 to 0.9%). The dissolution efficiency of LXDT formulations ranged from 72.21 to 93.63%. The overall study showed that the optimum level of independent factors was found to be 3:1 MCC/Mannitol, 11 min mixing time, and 6.23% disintegrant concentration. Accelerated stability studies showed the compendial acceptable hardness, friability, and disintegration times. The application of QbD approach can help in the detailed understanding of the effect of CMAs and CPPs on the CQAs on LXDT final product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohsin Kazi
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966 (11) 4677372; Fax: +966 (11) 4676295
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Franco P, De Marco I. Supercritical CO2 adsorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs into biopolymer aerogels. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2019.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
4
|
Novel pH-sensitive interpenetrated network polyspheres of polyacrylamide-g-locust bean gum and sodium alginate for intestinal targeting of ketoprofen: In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 180:362-370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
5
|
|
6
|
Gaitán-Tolosa IM, Montiel-Campos R, Flores-Estrada J, Domínguez-García MV, Flores-Merino MV. Characterization of ketoprofen-loaded PEG-CH semi-IPN system for wound dressing application. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibeth M. Gaitán-Tolosa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Estado de México 50130 México
- Facultad de Enfermería y Obstetricia; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Estado de México 50180 México
| | - Raúl Montiel-Campos
- Departamento de Física, Área de Polímeros; Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa; Ciudad de México 09340 México
| | - Jaime Flores-Estrada
- Facultad de Química; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Estado de México 50180 México
| | - Ma. Victoria Domínguez-García
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Estado de México 50130 México
| | - Miriam V. Flores-Merino
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas; Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México; Estado de México 50130 México
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Orodispersible dosage forms: biopharmaceutical improvements and regulatory requirements. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:251-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
8
|
Hegde AR, Rewatkar PV, Manikkath J, Tupally K, Parekh HS, Mutalik S. Peptide dendrimer-conjugates of ketoprofen: Synthesis and ex vivo and in vivo evaluations of passive diffusion, sonophoresis and iontophoresis for skin delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 102:237-249. [PMID: 28285173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate skin delivery of ketoprofen when covalently tethered to mildly cationic (2+ or 4+) peptide dendrimers prepared wholly by solid phase peptide synthesis. The amino acids glycine, arginine and lysine formed the dendrimer with ketoprofen tethered either to the lysine side-arm (Nε) or periphery of dendrimeric branches. Passive diffusion, sonophoresis- and iontophoresis-assisted permeation of each peptide dendrimer-drug conjugate (D1-D4) was studied across mouse skin, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, skin toxicity of dendrimeric conjugates when trialed with iontophoresis or sonophoresis was also evaluated. All dendrimeric conjugates improved aqueous solubility at least 5-fold, compared to ketoprofen alone, while also exhibiting appreciable lipophilicity. In vitro passive diffusion studies revealed that ketoprofen in its native form was delivered to a greater extent, compared with a dendrimer-conjugated form at the end of 24h (Q24h (μg/cm2): ketoprofen (68.06±3.62)>D2 (49.62±2.92)>D4 (19.20±0.89)>D1 (6.45±0.40)>D3 (2.21±0.19). However, sonophoresis substantially increased the skin permeation of ketoprofen-dendrimer conjugates in 30min (Q30min (μg/cm2): D4 (122.19±7.14)>D2 (66.74±3.86)>D1 (52.10±3.22)>D3 (41.66±3.22)) although ketoprofen alone again proved superior (Q30min: 167.99±9.11μg/cm2). Next, application of iontophoresis was trialed and shown to considerably increase permeation of dendrimeric ketoprofen in 6h (Q6h (μg/cm2): D2 (711.49±39.14)>D4 (341.23±16.43)>D3 (89.50±4.99)>D1 (50.91±2.98), with a Q6h value of 96.60±5.12μg/cm2 for ketoprofen alone). In vivo studies indicated that therapeutically relevant concentrations of ketoprofen could be delivered transdermally when iontophoresis was paired with D2 (985.49±43.25ng/mL). Further, histopathological analysis showed that the dendrimeric approach was a safe mode as ketoprofen alone. The present study successfully demonstrates that peptide dendrimer conjugates of ketoprofen, when combined with non-invasive modalities, such as iontophoresis can enhance skin permeation with clinically relevant concentrations achieved transdermally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi R Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Prarthana V Rewatkar
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Karnaker Tupally
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Manikkath J, Hegde AR, Kalthur G, Parekh HS, Mutalik S. Influence of peptide dendrimers and sonophoresis on the transdermal delivery of ketoprofen. Int J Pharm 2017; 521:110-119. [PMID: 28163223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the individual and combined effects of peptide dendrimers and low frequency ultrasound on the transdermal permeation of ketoprofen. Arginine terminated peptide dendrimers of varying charges (4+, 8+ and 16+, named as A4. A8 and A16 respectively) were synthesized and characterized. Ketoprofen was subjected to passive, peptide dendrimer-assisted and sonophoretic permeation studies (with and without dendrimer application) across Swiss albino mouse skin, both in vitro and in vivo. The studies revealed that the synthesized peptide dendrimers considerably increased the transdermal permeation of ketoprofen and displayed enhancement ratios of up to 3.25 (with A16 dendrimer), compared to passive diffusion of drug alone in vitro. Moreover, the combination of peptide dendrimer treatment and ultrasound application worked in synergy and gave enhancement ratios of up to 1369.15 (with ketoprofen-A16 dendrimer complex). In vivo studies demonstrated that dendrimer and ultrasound-assisted permeation of drug achieved much higher plasma concentration of drug, compared to passive diffusion. Comparison of transdermal and oral absorption studies revealed that transdermal administration of ketoprofen with A8 dendrimer showed comparable absorption and plasma drug levels with oral route. The excised mouse skin after in vivo permeation study with dendrimers and ultrasound did not show major toxic reactions. This study demonstrates that arginine terminated peptide dendrimers combined with sonophoresis can effectively improve the transdermal permeation of ketoprofen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothsna Manikkath
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Aswathi R Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Guruprasad Kalthur
- Department of Clinical Embryology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence (PACE), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Srinivas Mutalik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka State, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Novel pH-sensitive IPNs of polyacrylamide-g-gum ghatti and sodium alginate for gastro-protective drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 75:133-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
11
|
Mohammed NN, Majumdar S, Singh A, Deng W, Murthy NS, Pinto E, Tewari D, Durig T, Repka MA. Klucel™ EF and ELF polymers for immediate-release oral dosage forms prepared by melt extrusion technology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2012; 13:1158-69. [PMID: 22961411 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-012-9834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this research work was to evaluate Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) EF and ELF polymers, for solubility enhancement as well as to address some of the disadvantages associated with solid dispersions. Ketoprofen (KPR), a Biopharmaceutics Classification System class II drug with poor solubility, was utilized as a model compound. Preliminary thermal studies were performed to confirm formation of a solid solution/dispersion of KPR in HPC matrix and also to establish processing conditions for hot-melt extrusion. Extrudates pelletized and filled into capsules exhibited a carrier-dependent release with ELF polymer exhibiting a faster release. Tablets compressed from milled extrudates exhibited rapid release owing to the increased surface area of the milled extrudate. Addition of mannitol (MNT) further enhanced the release by forming micro-pores and increasing the porosity of the extrudates. An optimized tablet formulation constituting KPR, MNT, and ELF in a 1:1:1 ratio exhibited 90% release in 15 min similar to a commercial capsule formulation. HPC polymers are non-ionic hydrophilic polymers that undergo polymer-chain-length-dependent solubilization and can be used to enhance solubility or dissolution rate of poorly soluble drugs. Dissolution/release rate could be tailored for rapid-release applications by selecting a suitable HPC polymer and altering the final dosage form. The release obtained from pellets was carrier-dependent and not drug-dependent, and hence, such a system can be effectively utilized to address solubility or precipitation issues with poorly soluble drugs in the gastrointestinal environment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Patel DM, Patel MM. Optimization of fast dissolving etoricoxib tablets prepared by sublimation technique. Indian J Pharm Sci 2011; 70:71-6. [PMID: 20390084 PMCID: PMC2852065 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.40335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Revised: 01/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to develop fast dissolving tablets of etoricoxib. Granules containing etoricoxib, menthol, crospovidone, aspartame and mannitol were prepared by wet granulation technique. Menthol was sublimed from the granules by exposing the granules to vacuum. The porous granules were then compressed in to tablets. Alternatively, tablets were first prepared and later exposed to vacuum. The tablets were evaluated for percentage friability and disintegration time. A 3(2) full factorial design was applied to investigate the combined effect of 2 formulation variables: amount of menthol and crospovidone. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that for obtaining fast dissolving tablets; optimum amount of menthol and higher percentage of crospovidone should be used. A surface response plots are also presented to graphically represent the effect of the independent variables on the percentage friability and disintegration time. The validity of a generated mathematical model was tested by preparing a checkpoint batch. Sublimation of menthol from tablets resulted in rapid disintegration as compared with the tablets prepared from granules that were exposed to vacuum. The optimized tablet formulation was compared with conventional marketed tablets for percentage drug dissolved in 30 min (Q(30)) and dissolution efficiency after 30 min (DE(30)). From the results, it was concluded that fast dissolving tablets with improved etoricoxib dissolution could be prepared by sublimation of tablets containing suitable subliming agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana - 384 001, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Navarro V. Improving medication compliance in patients with depression: Use of orodispersible tablets. Adv Ther 2010; 27:785-95. [PMID: 20878372 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-010-0073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of major depressive disorder requires prolonged pharmacotherapy with antidepressants in order to resolve the current episode and reduce the risk for recurrence of depressive symptoms. Such prolonged therapy requires considerable commitment on the part of patients to take their medication as prescribed. Medication compliance is often poor among psychiatric patients, including those with major depressive disorder; this can result in poor long-term outcomes and, ultimately, treatment failure. The onus lies with the prescribing physician to support patients in complying with their medication regimen. Establishing and maintaining a supportive therapeutic relationship is an essential foundation for ensuring patient compliance. Difficulty in swallowing conventional tablets and capsules has emerged as an additional factor in medication noncompliance and has led to the development of alternative drug delivery strategies such as orodispersible tablets (ODTs). ODTs are associated with improved medication compliance compared with traditional tablet formulations. An ODT formulation of the antidepressant mirtazapine has been available since 2001 and an ODT formulation of escitalopram is currently in development. Such formulations offer convenient alternatives to traditional tablets and may support patient compliance with extended therapy. This review discusses practical methods of improving compliance in patients with depression with a particular focus on ODTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Navarro
- Clinical Institute of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aboelwafa AA, Fahmy RH. A pilot human pharmacokinetic study and influence of formulation factors on orodispersible tablet incorporating meloxicam solid dispersion using factorial design. Pharm Dev Technol 2010; 17:1-14. [PMID: 20550483 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2010.495396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Meloxicam (MLX) suffers from poor aqueous solubility leading to slow absorption following oral administration; hence, immediate release MLX tablet is unsuitable in the treatment of acute pain. This study aims to overcome such a drawback by increasing MLX solubility and dissolution using PEG solid dispersion (SD), then, to investigate the feasibility of incorporating the SD into orodispersible tablets (ODTs). A 2(3) full factorial design was employed to investigate the influence of three formulation variables on MLX ODTs. The selected factors: camphor (X(1)) as pore-forming material, and croscarmellose sodium (X(2)) as superdisintegrant, showed significant positive influence, while PEG content (X(3)) was proved to negatively affect both disintegration and wetting times. In addition, isomalt increased disintegration and wetting times when compared to mannitol as diluents. The pharmacokinetic assessment of the optimum ODT formulation in healthy human subjects proved that the faster MLX dissolution by using PEG solid dispersion at pH 6.8 resulted in more rapid absorption of MLX. The rate of absorption of MLX from ODT was significantly faster (p = 0.030) with a significantly higher peak plasma concentration (P = 0.037) when compared to the marketed immediate release MLX tablet with a mean oral disintegration time of 17 ± 3 s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Aboelwafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abed KK, Hussein AA, Ghareeb MM, Abdulrasool AA. Formulation and optimization of orodispersible tablets of diazepam. AAPS PharmSciTech 2010; 11:356-61. [PMID: 20232267 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diazepam is one of the most prescribed benzodiazepines. The purpose of the present research was to optimize the formulation of orodispersible tablets of diazepam. Orodispersible tablets of diazepam were prepared using different types of superdisintegrants (Ac-Di-Sol, sodium starch glycolate, and crospovidone (CP)) and different types of subliming agents (camphor and ammonium bicarbonate (AB)) at different concentrations and two methods of tablets preparations (wet granulation and direct compression methods). The formulations were evaluated for flow properties, wetting time, hardness, friability, content uniformity, in vivo disintegration time (DT), release profiles, and buccal absorption tests. All formulations showed satisfactory mechanical strength except formula F5 which contains camphor and formula F9 which is prepared by direct compression method. The results revealed that the tablets containing CP as a superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile with shortest DT. The optimized formula F7 is prepared using 10% CP as a superdisintegrant and 20% AB as a subliming agent by wet granulation method which shows the shortest DT and good dissolution profile with acceptable stability. This study helps in revealing the effect of formulation processing variables on tablet properties. It can be concluded that the orodispersible tablets of diazepam with better biopharmaceutical properties than conventional tablets could be obtained using formula F7.
Collapse
|
16
|
Srinivas NR. Rationale for faster oral delivery to overcome the pathophysiology associated with dental pain--biopharmaceutic and pharmacokinetic challenges. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2009; 34:7-10. [PMID: 19462922 DOI: 10.1007/bf03191377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent published evidences on ibuprofen and meloxicam confirm the need of faster oral drug absorption to overcome the pathophysiological conditions associated with dental pain (due to excessive vagal nerve suppression) in order to provide relief in acute pain management. While the communication provides relevant case studies to support the hypothesis in both dental pain and migraine attacks, it also provides biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic challenges of developing such a strategy for faster oral drug absorption. It is envisaged that the unmet need in this area, to overcome the pathophsiological barriers, should provide impetus for further research exploration in formulation strategies and biopharmaceutical/pharmacokinetic integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuggehally R Srinivas
- Integrated Drug Development, Suramus Biopharm, J.P. Nagar, I Phase, Bangalore 560 078, India.
| |
Collapse
|