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Desai HH, T M Serajuddin A. Development of lipid-based SEDDS using digestion products of long-chain triglyceride for high drug solubility: Formulation and dispersion testing. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123953. [PMID: 38417725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) containing long chain lipid digestion products (LDP) and surfactants was developed to increase solubility of two model weakly basic drugs, cinnarizine and ritonavir, in the formulation. A 1:1.2 w/w mixture of glyceryl monooleate (Capmul GMO-50; Abitec) and oleic acid was used as the digestion product, and a 1:1 w/w mixture of Tween 80 and Cremophor EL was the surfactant used. The ratio between LDP and surfactant was 1:1 w/w. Since the commercially available Capmul GMO-50 is not pure monoglyceride and contained di-and-triglycerides, the digestion product used would provide 1:2 stoichiometric molar ratio of monoglyceride and fatty acid after complete digestion in gastrointestinal fluid. Both cinnarizine and ritonavir had much higher solubility in oleic acid (536 and 72 mg/g, respectively) than that in glyceryl monooleate and glyceryl trioleate. Therefore, by incorporating oleic acid in place of glyceryl trioleate in the formulation, the solubility of cinnarizine and ritonavir could be increased by 5-fold and 3.5-fold, respectively, as compared to a formulation without the fatty acid. The formulation dispersed readily in aqueous media, and adding 3 mM sodium taurocholate, which is generally present in GI fluid, remarkably improved the dispersibility of SEDDS and reduced particle size of dispersions. Thus, the use of digestion products of long-chain triglycerides as components of SEDDS can enhance the drug loading of weakly basic compounds and increase dispersibility in GI fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta H Desai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA; Present Address: Pace Life Sciences, 19 Presidential Way, Woburn, MA 01801, USA
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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2
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Pornpitchanarong C, Akkaramongkolporn P, Nattapulwat N, Opanasopit P, Patrojanasophon P. Development and Optimization of Andrographis paniculata Extract-Loaded Self-Microemulsifying Drug Delivery System Using Experimental Design Model. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:166. [PMID: 38399227 PMCID: PMC10893082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop an optimized formulation for an Andrographis paniculata extract (AGPE)-loaded self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) using an experimental design and evaluate the characteristics of the developed SMEDDS. The solubility of andrographolide (AGP) in various solvents was investigated. The pseudo-ternary phase was constructed to provide an optimal range for each component to form microemulsions (MEs). The formulation was optimized using an I-optimal design mixture type, where the physical stability, droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential were examined. Soft capsules of the optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS were manufactured. The dissolution and ex vivo membrane permeation were studied. Oleic acid, Tween® 80, and PEG 400 were the best solubilizers for AGP. The promising surfactant to co-surfactant ratio to generate ME was 3:1. The optimized SMEDDS contained 68.998% Tween® 80, with 13.257% oleic acid and 17.745% PEG 400. The assayed content of AGP, uniformity of dosage unit, and stability complied with the expected specifications. The dissolution and membrane permeability of AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was significantly improved from the A. paniculata extract (p < 0.05). All in all, the developed optimized AGPE-loaded SMEDDS was proven to contain optimal composition and AGP content where a stable ME could spontaneously be formed with enhanced delivery efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Prasopchai Patrojanasophon
- Pharmaceutical Development of Green Innovations Group (PDGIG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (C.P.); (P.A.); (N.N.); (P.O.)
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3
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Tawfik NM, Teiama MS, Iskandar SS, Osman A, Hammad SF. A Novel Nanoemulsion Formula for an Improved Delivery of a Thalidomide Analogue to Triple-Negative Breast Cancer; Synthesis, Formulation, Characterization and Molecular Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:1219-1243. [PMID: 36937550 PMCID: PMC10016366 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s385166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thalidomide (THD) and its analogues were recently reported as a promising treatment for different types of solid tumors due to their antiangiogenic effect. Methods In this work, we synthesized a novel THD analogue (TA), and its chemistry was confirmed with different techniques such as IR, mass spectroscopy, elemental analysis as well as 1H and 13C NMR. To increase solubility and anticancer efficacy, a new oil in water (O/W) nanoemulsion (NE) was used in the formulation of the analogue. The novel formula's surface charge, size, stability, FTIR, FE-TEM, in vitro drug release and physical characteristics were investigated. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were conducted to predict the possible binding modes and molecular interactions behind the inhibitory activities of the THD and TA. Results TA showed a significant cytotoxic activity with IC50 ranging from 0.326 to 43.26 µmol/mL when evaluated against cancerous cells such as MCF-7, HepG2, Caco-2, LNCaP and RKO cell lines. The loaded analogue showed more potential cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7-ADR cell lines with IC50 values of 0.0293 and 0.0208 nmol/mL, respectively. Moreover, flow cytometry of cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were performed showing a suppression in the expression levels of TGF-β, MCL-1, VEGF, TNF-α, STAT3 and IL-6 in the MDA-MB-231 cell line. Conclusion The novel NE formula dramatically reduced the anticancer dosage of TA from micromolar efficiency to nanomolar efficiency. This indicates that the synthesized analogue exhibited high potency in the NE formulation and proved its efficacy against triple-negative breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noran M Tawfik
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Teiama
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Sameh Samir Iskandar
- Fellow and Head of Surgical Oncology Department, Ismailia Teaching Oncology Hospital (GOTHI), Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Osman
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif F Hammad
- PharmD Programs, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Vasdev N, Handa M, Kesharwani P, Shukla R. Rosemary oil low energy nanoemulsion: optimization, µrheology, in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo characterization. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1901-1923. [PMID: 35686513 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2088527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholine imbalance in the human brain causes dementia-related symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors prevent the lysis of acetylcholine in the brain and prevent dementia. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the in silico and in vitro AChE potential of rosemary oil and then formulate it into nanoemulsion as an adjuvant with co-administration of Donepezil (Dz) with a thought for futuristic target for Alzheimer's diseases via the intranasal route. The aim for preparing this formulation was to add the AChE inhibition effect of the rosemary oil to the effect that acts as an additive effect along with Dz. The docking score of rosemary oil components on human cholinesterase 1GQR protein was found to be >-5 kcal/mol. In vitro AChE activity of rosemary oil confirms the prominent IC50 of oil at 0.001 µL/min. Nanoemulsion was prepared by low energy emulsification technique using Tween 80 as surfactant and ethanol or diethylene glycol monoethyl ether as cosurfactant. Droplet size, polydisperity index, and zeta potential of stable nanoemulsion was ∼16 nm, 0.1, and -6.05 mV for stable batch. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy microscopic studies depicted the spherical shape of the droplet. Micro rheology investigation of nanoemulsion clearly attributes to gel-sol-gel behaviour of formulated nanoemulsion. Thermal evaluation of nanoemulsion depicts the phase transition behaviour of ethanol-based nanoemulsion at 60 °C. Ex vivo nasal ciliotoxicity and permeation studies of formulation establish the safety of ethanol-based rosemary oil-loaded nanoemulsion and permeation mechanism of Dz from the nanoemulsion. In vitro permeation studies showed more drug penetration from the nanoemulsion as compared to the plain drug. The prepared nanoemulsion was found to be stable for 3 months at 4, 25, and 45 °C of storage. This low energy preparation method can be advantageous for the preparation of scalable nanoemulsion and can be a futuristic therapeutic for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Vasdev
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Mayank Handa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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5
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Bioavailability Enhancement Techniques for Poorly Aqueous Soluble Drugs and Therapeutics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092055. [PMID: 36140156 PMCID: PMC9495787 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low water solubility of pharmacoactive molecules limits their pharmacological potential, but the solubility parameter cannot compromise, and so different approaches are employed to enhance their bioavailability. Pharmaceutically active molecules with low solubility convey a higher risk of failure for drug innovation and development. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and several other parameters, such as drug distribution, protein binding and absorption, are majorly affected by their solubility. Among all pharmaceutical dosage forms, oral dosage forms cover more than 50%, and the drug molecule should be water-soluble. For good therapeutic activity by the drug molecule on the target site, solubility and bioavailability are crucial factors. The pharmaceutical industry’s screening programs identified that around 40% of new chemical entities (NCEs) face various difficulties at the formulation and development stages. These pharmaceuticals demonstrate less solubility and bioavailability. Enhancement of the bioavailability and solubility of drugs is a significant challenge in the area of pharmaceutical formulations. According to the Classification of Biopharmaceutics, Class II and IV drugs (APIs) exhibit poor solubility, lower bioavailability, and less dissolution. Various technologies are discussed in this article to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs, for example, the complexation of active molecules, the utilization of emulsion formation, micelles, microemulsions, cosolvents, polymeric micelle preparation, particle size reduction technologies, pharmaceutical salts, prodrugs, the solid-state alternation technique, soft gel technology, drug nanocrystals, solid dispersion methods, crystal engineering techniques and nanomorph technology. This review mainly describes several other advanced methodologies for solubility and bioavailability enhancement, such as crystal engineering, micronization, solid dispersions, nano sizing, the use of cyclodextrins, solid lipid nanoparticles, colloidal drug delivery systems and drug conjugates, referring to a number of appropriate research reports.
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6
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Keranmu A, Pan LB, Yu H, Fu J, Liu YF, Amuti S, Han P, Ma SR, Xu H, Zhang ZW, Chen D, Yang FY, Wang MS, Wang Y, Xing NZ, Jiang JD. The potential biological effects of quercetin based on pharmacokinetics and multi-targeted mechanism in vivo. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:403-431. [PMID: 35282731 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2022.2045965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is a plant-derived polyphenol flavonoid that has been proven to be effective for many diseases. However, the mechanism and in vivo metabolism of quercetin remains to be clarified. It achieves a wide range of biological effects through various metabolites, gut microbiota and its metabolites, systemic mediators produced by inflammation and oxidation, as well as by multiple mechanisms. The all-round disease treatment of quercetin is achieved through the organic combination of multiple channels. Therefore, this article clarifies the metabolic process of quercetin in the body, and explores the new pattern of action of quercetin in the treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adili Keranmu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Bin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yi-Fang Liu
- Department of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Tuberculosis, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi 830011, China
| | - Pei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shu-Rong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zheng-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Fei-Ya Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Ming-Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Nian-Zeng Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Urology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jian-Dong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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7
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Saputra OA, Apriansyah F, Puspitasari MP, Hanifah S, Prakoso A, Wibowo FR. Antioxidant activity and
controlled‐release
feature of Quercetin loaded
amines‐functionalized
magnetically porous cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozi Adi Saputra
- Master Program of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Fiqri Apriansyah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Melani Puji Puspitasari
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Syifa Hanifah
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Agung Prakoso
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
| | - Fajar Rakhman Wibowo
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Indonesia
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8
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Efficiency of lipid-based nano drug delivery systems in crossing the blood–brain barrier: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Lin L, Asghar S, Huang L, Hu Z, Ping Q, Chen Z, Shao F, Xiao Y. Preparation and evaluation of oral self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of Chlorophyll. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:857-866. [PMID: 33650446 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1892746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at improving the water solubility and oral bioavailability of Chl by self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (Chl-SMEDDS). METHODS Compatibility experiments, pseudo-ternary phase diagram and central composite design were used to optimize the formulation. The selected systems were further evaluated for physical characteristics, including particle size, zeta potential, and appearance. The stability, in vitro dispersion test, and in vivo intestinal perfusion experiments were used to evaluate the SMEDDS. RESULTS The optimal composition of Chl-SMEDDS included: Labrafil M 1944 CS (35%), kolliphor RH 40 (46%), Transcutol HP (19%) and 60 mg/g Chl. The appearance of water emulsified Chl-SMEDDS was green and transparent. The particle size, ζ-potential, and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that spherical globules of Chl-SMEDDS with a size of about 22.82 ± 1.29 nm and a negative surface charge of -24.21 ± 3.45 mV were obtained. Chl-SMEDDS could remain stable at 25 °C and 4 °C for at least 6 months. The dispersion test showed that Chl-SMEDDS dispersed spontaneously to form microemulsion after disintegration of capsule shell and 90% drug dispersed in just 30 min in pH 1.2 HCl without any drug precipitation during the test period. In vivo intestinal perfusion experiment revealed that the main absorption site for Chl-SMEDDS was duodenum. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that SMEDDS formulation could be an effective strategy for the oral administration of Chl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Sajid Asghar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qineng Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Shao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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10
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Aloisio C, Shah AV, Longhi M, Serajuddin ATM. Development of self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol by systematically constructing lipid-surfactant-water phase diagrams using long-chain lipids. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2021; 47:897-907. [PMID: 34033503 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2021.1934866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop self-microemulsifying lipid-based formulations of trans-resveratrol in cod liver oil, a long chain lipid, to increase its solubility, dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Ternary phase diagrams of cod liver oil with surfactant and water as well as pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of the same by mixing cod liver oil (triglyceride) with glycerol monooleate (monoglyeride) were constructed to identify regions where microemulsions were formed. Kolliphor RH 40, Tween 80 and their 1:1-mixtures were evaluated as surfactants. No organic cosolvents were added. It was observed that cod liver oil alone did not form microemulsion with any of the surfactants used, and a 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate was necessary to enable the formation of microemulsion. Among the surfactants, Kolliphor RH 40 provided the maximum microemulsification effect. Several formulations containing 6:4, 1:1, and 4:6 w/w ratios of lipid to surfactant using the 1:1 mixture of cod liver oil and glycerol monooleate as lipid components and Kolliphor RH 40 or its mixture with Tween 80 as surfactants were identified, and trans-resveratrol solubility in these formulations were determined. Drug concentrations used in the formulations were 80% of saturation solubility, and no organic cosolvents were used in any formulations to increase drug solubility or enable emulsification. In vitro dispersion testing in 250 mL of 0.01 N HCl (pH 2) according to the USP method 2 at 50 RPM showed that the formulations rapidly dispersed in aqueous media forming microemulsions and there was no drug precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Aloisio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ankita V Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.,Freund-Vector Corporation, Marion, IA, USA
| | - Marcela Longhi
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Tecnología Farmacéutica (UNITEFA), CONICET and Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
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11
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Gelatin-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Hydrogels for Kluyveromyces lactis Encapsulation: Potential Applications in Probiotics and Bioreactor Packings. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070922. [PMID: 34206397 PMCID: PMC8302002 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutraceutical formulations based on probiotic microorganisms have gained significant attention over the past decade due to their beneficial properties on human health. Yeasts offer some advantages over other probiotic organisms, such as immunomodulatory properties, anticancer effects and effective suppression of pathogens. However, one of the main challenges for their oral administration is ensuring that cell viability remains high enough for a sustained therapeutic effect while avoiding possible substrate inhibition issues as they transit through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Here, we propose addressing these issues using a probiotic yeast encapsulation strategy, Kluyveromyces lactis, based on gelatin hydrogels doubly cross-linked with graphene oxide (GO) and glutaraldehyde to form highly resistant nanocomposite encapsulates. GO was selected here as a reinforcement agent due to its unique properties, including superior solubility and dispersibility in water and other solvents, high biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, and response to electrical fields in its reduced form. Finally, GO has been reported to enhance the mechanical properties of several materials, including natural and synthetic polymers and ceramics. The synthesized GO-gelatin nanocomposite hydrogels were characterized in morphological, swelling, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties and their ability to maintain probiotic cell viability. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited larger pore sizes for successful cell entrapment and proliferation, tunable degradation rates, pH-dependent swelling ratio, and higher mechanical stability and integrity in simulated GI media and during bioreactor operation. These results encourage us to consider the application of the obtained nanocomposites to not only formulate high-performance nutraceuticals but to extend it to tissue engineering, bioadhesives, smart coatings, controlled release systems, and bioproduction of highly added value metabolites.
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12
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Handa M, Ujjwal RR, Vasdev N, Flora SJS, Shukla R. Optimization of Surfactant- and Cosurfactant-Aided Pine Oil Nanoemulsions by Isothermal Low-Energy Methods for Anticholinesterase Activity. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:559-568. [PMID: 33458508 PMCID: PMC7807745 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Highly stable pine oil-loaded nanoemulsions were evaluated for nutraceutical and storage stability applications. Pine oil-loaded nanoemulsion preparation was done with pine oil as the oily phase and additionally with different ratios of the non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) and cosurfactant (ethanol) in an aqueous solution using the isothermal low-energy or spontaneous emulsification method. A transparent and stable nanoemulsion was obtained with a combination of pine oil (5 wt %), surfactant mixture (35 wt %), and water quantity sufficient (qs) by the isothermal low-energy method. The mean droplet size and ζ-potential of the fabricated nanoemulsion were ≈14 nm and -3.4 mV, respectively. The size of the transparent nanoemulsion increased to ∼45 nm and showed turbidity at 60 °C. Microrheological investigation highlighted the gel-sol-gel conversion in the presence of applied angular frequency at 25 °C. The loss modulus shifted to lower frequency at 60 °C in comparison to other temperatures. The anticholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity of the pine oil-loaded nanoemulsion suggested a possible therapeutic value, and at 0.10% concentration of the nanoemulsion, the AChE inhibition activity was ≈95.72 ± 5.59%. These studies have important implications in fabrication and optimization of a nanoemulsion as a delivery system for combating reminiscence in Alzheimer's disease and application in the nutraceutical-based industry. This isothermal low-energy method offers an advantage of preparing an edible oil delivery system using simple and rapid operational parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Handa
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Rewati Raman Ujjwal
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Nupur Vasdev
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - S. J. S. Flora
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of
Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Lucknow 226002, India
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13
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Ryu KA, Park PJ, Kim SB, Bin BH, Jang DJ, Kim ST. Topical Delivery of Coenzyme Q10-Loaded Microemulsion for Skin Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040332. [PMID: 32272811 PMCID: PMC7238272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) microemulsion system with improved solubility, penetration, and wound healing efficacy. Based on the pseudo-ternary diagram, microemulsions containing isopropyl myristate (IPM), Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP were selected and confirmed to be nanosized (<20 nm) and thermodynamically stable based on the dilution and thermodynamic stability tests. The CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with a surfactant/co-surfactant (S/CoS) ratio of 2:1 (w/w %) demonstrated a higher permeation efficacy compared to microemulsions with S/CoS ratio of 3:1 or 4:1 (w/w %). Additionally, the CoQ10-loaded microemulsion with an S/CoS ratio of 2:1 demonstrated a relatively rapid wound healing effect in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Overall, these data suggest that a microemulsion based on IPM, Cremophor EL®, and Transcutol® HP could be an effective vehicle for the topical administration of CoQ10 and could be utilized for the application of other therapeutic agents that have difficulty in penetrating the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyeong-A Ryu
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
| | - Phil June Park
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16499, Korea;
| | - Seong-Bo Kim
- Bio-Living Engineering Major, Global Leaders College, Yonsei University, 50 yonsei-ro, Shinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Bum-Ho Bin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ajou University, 206 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16499, Korea;
| | - Dong-Jin Jang
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-J.J.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3393 (D.-J.J.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea
- Correspondence: (D.-J.J.); (S.T.K.); Tel.: +82-55-320-3393 (D.-J.J.); +82-55-320-4038 (S.T.K.)
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14
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Desai HH, Bu P, Shah AV, Cheng X, Serajuddin ATM. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Self-Emulsifying Formulations Containing Long-Chain Lipids Using Caco-2 Cell Model: Superior Safety Profile Compared to Medium-Chain Lipids. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:1752-1764. [PMID: 32035926 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medium-chain (MC) and long-chain (LC) lipids are used for development of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). MC lipids are often preferred because of their ability to form stable microemulsions with relatively high drug solubilization capacity. On the other hand, LC lipids could be more biocompatible as most endogenous and dietary lipids are LC glycerides. They also maintain high drug solubilization capacity after digestion. The present study was undertaken to determine the cytotoxicity of LC lipids and their formulations on Caco-2 cells of 1-day, 5-day, and 21-day maturity. The results were compared with the cytotoxicity profiles of MC lipids reported previously from our laboratory. The cell viability and cell membrane integrity were, respectively, determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the lactate dehydrogenase assay. The cytotoxicity was partially due to lipid surfactant-induced membrane rupture, and it was influenced by cell maturity and formulation composition. The lipid-surfactant combinations showed greater tolerance than surfactants alone, and LC-SEDDS were well-tolerated at almost 10-fold higher concentration than corresponding MC-SEDDS. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of digestion end products of both LC and MC triglycerides in the presence of 3 mM sodium taurocholate was compared on 21-day Caco-2 cultures by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The LC lipid formulations showed better tolerance than MC lipid formulations after digestion. Thus, although MC and LC lipids are well-tolerated at doses normally administered to humans, LC lipids show much better safety than MC lipids in a cell-culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heta H Desai
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Pengli Bu
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Ankita V Shah
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Xingguo Cheng
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, New York 11439
| | - Abu T M Serajuddin
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Pkwy, Queens, New York 11439.
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15
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Use of Lipid Nanocarriers to Improve Oral Delivery of Vitamins. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11010068. [PMID: 30609658 PMCID: PMC6357185 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical environment and enzymes in the gastrointestinal (GI) membrane limit the oral absorption of some vitamins. The GI epithelium also contributes to the poor permeability of numerous antioxidant agents. Thus, lipophilic vitamins do not readily dissolve in the GI tract, and therefore they have low bioavailability. Nanomedicine has the potential to improve the delivery efficiency of oral vitamins. In particular, the use of lipid nanocarriers for certain vitamins that are administered orally can provide improved solubility, chemical stability, epithelium permeability and bioavailability, half-life, nidus targeting, and fewer adverse effects. These lipid nanocarriers include self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDSs), nanoemulsions, microemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs). The use of nontoxic excipients and sophisticated material engineering of lipid nanosystems allows for control of the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles and improved GI permeation via mucosal or lymphatic transport. In this review, we highlight recent progress in the development of lipid nanocarriers for vitamin delivery. In addition, the same lipid nanocarriers used for vitamins may also be effective as carriers of vitamin derivatives, and therefore enhance their oral bioavailability. One example is the incorporation of d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) as the emulsifier in lipid nanocarriers to increase the solubility and inhibit P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. We also survey the concepts and discuss the mechanisms of nanomedical techniques that are used to develop vitamin-loaded nanocarriers.
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16
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Aboudzadeh MA, Mehravar E, Fernandez M, Lezama L, Tomovska R. Low-Energy Encapsulation of α-Tocopherol Using Fully Food Grade Oil-in-Water Microemulsions. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10999-11008. [PMID: 31459210 PMCID: PMC6645536 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulation of active agents, such as vitamins and antioxidants, is one of the possibilities that allow their incorporation in beverages, food, or in pharmaceutical products. Simultaneously, encapsulation protects these active agents from oxidation, producing more stable active compounds. Formation of nanodroplets by spontaneously formed microemulsion (ME) offers, on one hand, a low-energy technology of encapsulation and, on the other hand, because of a small size of the droplets, it assures long-term stability even in harsher environments. In this study, oil-in-water MEs allowed the low-energy encapsulation of α-tocopherol (αToc) into an aqueous medium with the aid of fully food-grade ingredients, using isoamyl acetate as the dispersed oil phase, which was selected between three different types of oils. Both cosurfactant-free and cosurfactant-holder ME systems were formulated, in which Tween 20 and glycerol were employed as the surfactant and the cosurfactant, respectively. The ME monophasic area was determined through the construction of pseudoternary phase diagrams. The encapsulated αToc within 10-20 nm nanocapsules showed radical scavenging activity dependent on the encapsulated amount of αToc, as it was demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The radical scavenging activity slightly increased within the time investigated, indicating a slow release of the active compound from the nanodroplets, which is a promising result for their application, especially in pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ali Aboudzadeh
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ehsan Mehravar
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Universidad
del País Vasco UPV/EHU, B° Sarriena, 48970 Leioa, Spain
- BC Materials,
Basque Center for Materials, Applications & Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, B° Sarriena, 48970 Leioa, Spain
| | - Radmila Tomovska
- POLYMAT,
University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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17
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Zhang X, Xing H, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Pharmaceutical Dispersion Techniques for Dissolution and Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water-Soluble Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E74. [PMID: 29937483 PMCID: PMC6161168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, a large number of drugs as well as drug candidates with poor dissolution characteristics have been witnessed, which invokes great interest in enabling formulation of these active ingredients. Poorly water-soluble drugs, especially biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) II ones, are preferably designed as oral dosage forms if the dissolution limit can be broken through. Minimizing a drug’s size is an effective means to increase its dissolution and hence the bioavailability, which can be achieved by specialized dispersion techniques. This article reviews the most commonly used dispersion techniques for pharmaceutical processing that can practically enhance the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Major interests focus on solid dispersion, lipid-based dispersion (nanoencapsulation), and liquisolid dispersion (drug solubilized in a non-volatile solvent and dispersed in suitable solid excipients for tableting or capsulizing), covering the formulation development, preparative technique and potential applications for oral drug delivery. Otherwise, some other techniques that can increase the dispersibility of a drug such as co-precipitation, concomitant crystallization and inclusion complexation are also discussed. Various dispersion techniques provide a productive platform for addressing the formulation challenge of poorly water-soluble drugs. Solid dispersion and liquisolid dispersion are most likely to be successful in developing oral dosage forms. Lipid-based dispersion represents a promising approach to surmounting the bioavailability of low-permeable drugs, though the technique needs to traverse the obstacle from liquid to solid transformation. Novel dispersion techniques are highly encouraged to develop for formulation of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Huijie Xing
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhiguo Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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