Inhibitory effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetic of ibrutinib by UPLC-MS/MS

Rapid high performance liquid chromatography method for erlotinib quantification in vitro: Application to study the effect of resveratrol on metabolism and cellular uptake of erlotinib

BACKGROUND

Erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor that is used for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. Its metabolism is mainly mediated by cytochrome P450 3A (CYP 3A). Resveratrol, a natural compound found in many plants and supplements, is known to inhibit CYP3A enzyme, therefore, it may act as an inhibitor for the metabolism of erlotinib.

OBJECTIVE

Development of a rapid high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) method for the quantification of erlotinib in liver microsomes and cancer cells and its application to study resveratrol effect on metabolism and cellular uptake of erlotinib.

METHODS

HPLC-PDA was used to develop an efficient bioanalytical method with a 2.5-min runtime preceded by a simple protein precipitation step. The method was validated according to the European Medicines Agency guidelines. Erlotinib metabolic stability and resveratrol effect on erlotinib metabolite formation were evaluated in rat liver microsomes. Furthermore, the method was used to measure the intracellular concentrations of erlotinib in cancer colorectal cells and investigating resveratrol effect on the cellular uptake of erlotinib.

RESULTS

A rapid HPLC-PDA method was developed and validated for the first time to address potential drug interaction of erlotinib with resveratrol. Resveratrol was a strong inhibitor of erlotinib metabolism in vitro with IC50  = 4.03 μM. Resveratrol, however, had no effect on erlotinib cellular uptake after 1 h incubation in human colorectal cancer cells.

CONCLUSION

The study suggests that resveratrol may produce a potential herb-drug interaction with erlotinib at the metabolism level and should be investigated in patients in the clinic.

The effect of Resveratrol on the pharmacokinetic profile of tofacitinib and the underlying mechanism

The purpose of this study was to (i) investigate the effect of CYP3A4 variants on tofacitinib metabolism, and (ii) investigate the interaction of tofacitinib with resveratrol and its underlying mechanisms. The concentration of M9, the main metabolite of tofacitinib, was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that the clearance rate of CYP3A4.18 variant was significantly decreased compared with CYP3A4.1, and the CYP3A4.28 variant was changed, but not statistically significant. In addition, the potential interaction of resveratrol with tofacitinib was determined based on rat liver microsomes (RLM), human liver microsomes (HLM), and CYP3A4 response systems. Resveratrol has an IC₅₀ of 15.67 μM in RLM with a non-competitive mechanism. In HLM with a non-competitive mechanism, the IC₅₀ value was 8.88 μM. The IC₅₀ values were 6.41 μM, 10.60 μM and 27.08 μM in CYP3A4.1, .18 and .28, respectively, all with a competitive mechanism. In the in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into two groups (n = 6) to receive tofacitinib with or without resveratrol. We found that the AUC_(0-∞) of tofacitinib in the experimental group increased to around 207.5% compared with the control group. And C_max increased to 260.0%. In summary, our data showed that resveratrol significantly affect the metabolism of tofacitinib, thus providing basic data for the precise clinical application of tofacitinib.

Cytochrome P450 3A2 and PGP-MDR1-Mediated Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Sinapic Acid with Ibrutinib in Rats: Potential Food/Herb–Drug Interaction

Ibrutinib (IBR) metabolism (primarily by CYP3A enzyme) is the main route of excretion for IBR, which could lead to drug–drug/herb–drug interactions with herbal medicines, nutritional supplements, and other foods. Sinapic acid (SA) is a bioactive phytonutrient that is used as a dietary supplement to treat a variety of illnesses. Pharmacokinetic interactions may occur when IBR interacts with SA, which influences the pharmacokinetic processes such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Therefore, it is obligatory to investigate the safety apprehensions of such parallel usage and to evaluate the possible impact of SA on the pharmacokinetics of IBR and propose a possible interaction mechanism in an animal model. The IBR concentration in plasma samples was determined using a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method after administration of a single oral dosage of IBR (50 mg/kg) in rats with or without SA pretreatment (40 mg/kg p.o. each day for 7 days, n = 6). The co-administration of IBR with SA displayed significant increases in Cmax ~18.77%, AUC0–T ~28.07%, MRT ~16.87%, and Kel ~24.76%, and a significant decrease in the volume of distribution Vz/F_obs ~37.66%, the rate of clearance (Cl/F) ~21.81%, and T½ ~20.43%, respectively, were observed as compared to rats that were administered IBR alone, which may result in increased bioavailability of IBR. The metabolism of IBR in the liver and intestines is significantly inhibited when SA is given, which may lead to an increase in the absorption rate of IBR. These findings need to be investigated further before they can be used in clinical practice.

Chromatographic bioanalytical assays for targeted covalent kinase inhibitors and their metabolites

Deriving from targeted kinase inhibitors (TKIs), targeted covalent kinase inhibitors (TCKIs) are a new class of TKIs that are covalently bound to their target residue of kinase receptors. Currently, there are many new TCKIs under clinical development besides afatinib, ibrutinib, osimertinib, neratinib, acalabrutinib, dacomitinib, and zanubrutinib that are already approved by the FDA. Subsequently, there is an increasing demand for bioanalytical methods to qualitatively and quantitively investigate those compounds, leading to a number of papers reporting the development, validation, and use of bioanalytical methods for TCKIs. Most publications describe the technological set up of analytical methods that allow quantification of TCKIs in various biomatrices such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, tissue, and liver microsomes. In addition, the identification of metabolites and biotransformation pathways of new TCKIs has gained more interest in recent years. We provide an overview of bioanalytical methods of this new class of TCKIs. The included issues are sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation, detection, and method validation. In the scope of bioanalysis of TCKIs, protein precipitation is mostly applied to treat the biological matrices sample. Liquid chromatographic in reversed-phase mode (RPLC) and mass detection with triple quadrupole (QqQ) are the most often utilized separation and quantitative detection modes, respectively. There may be a possibility of increased use of the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for qualitative investigation purposes in the future. We also found that US FDA and EMA guidelines are the most common guidelines employed as validation framework for the bioanalytical methods of TCKIs.