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Bonaccorso A, Ortis A, Musumeci T, Carbone C, Hussain M, Di Salvatore V, Battiato S, Pappalardo F, Pignatello R. Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery and Physico-Chemical Properties of Nanosystems: Analysis and Correlation Studies of Data from Scientific Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:5619-5636. [PMID: 38882536 PMCID: PMC11179666 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s452316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the last few decades, nose-to-brain delivery has been investigated as an alternative route to deliver molecules to the Central Nervous System (CNS), bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier. The use of nanotechnological carriers to promote drug transfer via this route has been widely explored. The exact mechanisms of transport remain unclear because different pathways (systemic or axonal) may be involved. Despite the large number of studies in this field, various aspects still need to be addressed. For example, what physicochemical properties should a suitable carrier possess in order to achieve this goal? To determine the correlation between carrier features (eg, particle size and surface charge) and drug targeting efficiency percentage (DTE%) and direct transport percentage (DTP%), correlation studies were performed using machine learning. Methods Detailed analysis of the literature from 2010 to 2021 was performed on Pubmed in order to build "NANOSE" database. Regression analyses have been applied to exploit machine-learning technology. Results A total of 64 research articles were considered for building the NANOSE database (102 formulations). Particle-based formulations were characterized by an average size between 150-200 nm and presented a negative zeta potential (ZP) from -10 to -25 mV. The most general-purpose model for the regression of DTP/DTE values is represented by Decision Tree regression, followed by K-Nearest Neighbors Regressor (KNeighbor regression). Conclusion A literature review revealed that nose-to-brain delivery has been widely investigated in neurodegenerative diseases. Correlation studies between the physicochemical properties of nanosystems (mean size and ZP) and DTE/DTP parameters suggest that ZP may be more significant than particle size for DTP/DTE predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Bonaccorso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ortis
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Mazhar Hussain
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Battiato
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Pappalardo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- NANOMED–Research Centre for Nanomedicine and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, 95125, Italy
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Lu B, Wei L, Shi G, Du J. Nanotherapeutics for Alleviating Anesthesia-Associated Complications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308241. [PMID: 38342603 PMCID: PMC11022745 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Current management of anesthesia-associated complications falls short in terms of both efficacy and safety. Nanomaterials with versatile properties and unique nano-bio interactions hold substantial promise as therapeutics for addressing these complications. This review conducts a thorough examination of the existing nanotherapeutics and highlights the strategies for developing prospective nanomedicines to mitigate anesthetics-related toxicity. Initially, general, regional, and local anesthesia along with the commonly used anesthetics and related prevalent side effects are introduced. Furthermore, employing nanotechnology to prevent and alleviate the complications of anesthetics is systematically demonstrated from three aspects, that is, developing 1) safe nano-formulization for anesthetics; 2) nano-antidotes to sequester overdosed anesthetics and alter their pharmacokinetics; 3) nanomedicines with pharmacodynamic activities to treat anesthetics toxicity. Finally, the prospects and challenges facing the clinical translation of nanotherapeutics for anesthesia-related complications are discussed. This work provides a comprehensive roadmap for developing effective nanotherapeutics to prevent and mitigate anesthesia-associated toxicity, which can potentially revolutionize the management of anesthesia complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lu
- Department of AnesthesiologyThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalTaiyuan030032China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuanShanxi Province030001China
| | - Ling Wei
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital Center Surgery DepartmentShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030032China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Department of AnesthesiologyThird Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Bethune HospitalShanxi Academy of Medical SciencesTongji Shanxi HospitalTaiyuan030032China
| | - Jiangfeng Du
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical UniversityMinistry of EducationTaiyuanShanxi Province030001China
- Department of Medical ImagingShanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Imaging and NanomedicineFirst Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi Province030001China
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Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani T, Kashanian S, Karimi I, Schiöth HB. Synthesis of an insulin-loaded mucoadhesive nanoparticle designed for intranasal administration: focus on new diffusion media. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227423. [PMID: 37701036 PMCID: PMC10494546 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intranasal administration is a drug delivery approach to provide a non-invasive pharmacological response in the central nervous system with relatively small peripheral side effects. To improve the residence time of intranasal drug delivery systems in the nasal mucosa, mucoadhesive polymers (e.g., chitosan) can be used. Here, insulin-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized and their physiochemical properties were evaluated based on requirements of intranasal administration. The nanoparticles were spherical (a hydrodynamic diameter of 165.3 nm, polydispersity index of 0.24, and zeta potential of +21.6 mV) that granted mucoadhesion without any noticeable toxicity to the nasal tissue. We applied a new approach using the Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution along with simulated nasal fluid in a Franz's diffusion cell to study this intranasal drug delivery system. We used the Krebs-Henseleit buffer because of its ability to supply glucose to the cells which serves as a novel ex vivo diffusion medium to maintain the viability of the tissue during the experiment. Based on diffusion rate and histopathological endpoints, the Krebs-Henseleit buffer solution can be a substituent solution to the commonly used simulated nasal fluid for such drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Soheila Kashanian
- Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
- Sensor and Biosensor Research Center (SBRC), Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Isaac Karimi
- Laboratory for Computational Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Helgi B. Schiöth
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Meirinho S, Rodrigues M, Santos AO, Falcão A, Alves G. Intranasal Microemulsion as an Innovative and Promising Alternative to the Oral Route in Improving Stiripentol Brain Targeting. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1641. [PMID: 37376089 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Stiripentol (STP) is a new-generation antiepileptic only available for oral administration. However, it is extremely unstable in acidic environments and undergoes gastrointestinal slow and incomplete dissolution. Thus, STP intranasal (IN) administration might overcome the high oral doses required to achieve therapeutic concentrations. An IN microemulsion and two variations were herein developed: the first contained a simpler external phase (FS6); the second one 0.25% of chitosan (FS6 + 0.25%CH); and the last 0.25% chitosan plus 1% albumin (FS6 + 0.25%CH + 1%BSA). STP pharmacokinetic profiles in mice were compared after IN (12.5 mg/kg), intravenous (12.5 mg/kg), and oral (100 mg/kg) administrations. All microemulsions homogeneously formed droplets with mean sizes ≤16 nm and pH between 5.5 and 6.2. Compared with oral route, IN FS6 resulted in a 37.4-fold and 110.6-fold increase of STP plasmatic and brain maximum concentrations, respectively. Eight hours after FS6 + 0.25%CH + 1%BSA administration, a second STP brain concentration peak was observed with STP targeting efficiency being 116.9% and direct-transport percentage 14.5%, suggesting that albumin may potentiate a direct STP brain transport. The relative systemic bioavailability was 947% (FS6), 893% (FS6 + 0.25%CH), and 1054% (FS6 + 0.25%CH + 1%BSA). Overall, STP IN administration using the developed microemulsions and significantly lower doses than those orally administrated might be a promising alternative to be clinically tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meirinho
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- CPIRN-UDI-IPG, Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polytechnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT/ICNAS, Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Gadhave D, Gupta A, Khot S, Tagalpallewar A, Kokare C. Nose-to-brain delivery of paliperidone palmitate poloxamer-guar gum nanogel: Formulation, optimization and pharmacological studies in rats. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2023; 81:315-333. [PMID: 36037930 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Oral delivery of paliperidone palmitate (PPD), a potent antipsychotic agent, has been reported with a potential risk of very serious drug-induced adverse events such as tachycardia, hyperprolactinemia, sexual dysfunction, and neutropenia. Alternatively, the potential of nasal delivery has also been explored to treat CNS complications by delivering the medicines directly to the brain bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Hence, the objectives of current work were to formulate, design, optimize, and investigate the therapeutic potency of PPD-loaded intranasal in-situ gel (PPGISG) in the treatment of schizophrenia. PPD-nanoemulsion (PNE) was fabricated using water titration technique, was further optimized via Box-Behnken design. Furthermore, the optimized PNE was evaluated for parameters such as globule size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and % entrapment efficiency were found to be 21.44±1.58nm, 0.268±0.02, -25.56±1.6mV, and 99.89±0.25%, respectively. PNE was further converted to PPGISG utilizing two polymers, poloxamer, and guar gum. Simultaneously, ex-vivo permeation for PNE, PPGISG, and PPD-suspension was found to be 211.40±4.8, 297.89±3.9 and 98.66±1.6μg/cm2, respectively. While PPGISG nanoparticles showed 1.58 and 5.65-folds more Jss than PNE and PPD-suspension. Behavioral studies confirmed that no extrapyramidal symptoms were observed in experimental animals post intranasal administration. Finally, the outcomes of the in-vivo hemato-compatibility study proved that intranasal formulation did not cause any alteration in leukocytes, RBCs, and neutrophils count. Therefore, intranasal delivery of PPGISG can be considered a novel tool for the safe delivery of PPD in schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gadhave
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Dattakala Shikshan Sanstha's, Dattakala College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Swami Chincholi, Daund, Pune, 413130, Maharashtra, India.
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Khot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Tagalpallewar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India; School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, MIT World Peace University, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - C Kokare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy (Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University), Narhe, Pune 411041, Maharashtra, India
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Meirinho S, Rodrigues M, Ferreira CL, Oliveira RC, Fortuna A, Santos AO, Falcão A, Alves G. Intranasal delivery of lipid-based nanosystems as a promising approach for brain targeting of the new-generation antiepileptic drug perampanel. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121853. [PMID: 35623483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Perampanel (PER), a new-generation antiepileptic drug effective against different types of seizures, has already demonstrated a potential in status epilepticus therapy. Considering the growing interest of intranasal (IN) administration for nose-to-brain delivery, PER could be envisioned as a good candidate for this route, especially if formulated in a lipid-based nanosystem. With that purpose, a hydrophobic formulation (FO1.2) and a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) (FH5) loaded with PER were developed and characterized. Following PER IN administration (1 mg/kg) to mice, its pharmacokinetics was characterized and compared with intravenous and oral routes. Histopathological toxicity was also examined after a 7-day repeated dose study. FH5 homogeneously formed nanodroplets upon dispersion (20.07 ± 0.03 nm), showing a sustained in vitro PER release profile up to 4 h. By IN route, PER brain delivery was more extensive with FH5 (Cmax and AUC of 52.32 ng/g and 190.35 ng.h/g for FO1.2; 93.87 ng/g and 257.75 ng.h/g for FH5). Maximum brain concentration and total brain exposure were higher than those obtained after oral dosage, with maximum PER concentrations reached significantly faster than post-oral administration (15 min vs 2 h). An improvement in PER plasmatic concentration was also obtained, demonstrated by high relative bioavailability values (134.1% for FH5 and 107.8% for FO1.2). PER absolute plasma bioavailability after IN delivery was 55.5% for FH5 and 44.6% for FO1.2, ensuring a somewhat improved targeting of PER to the brain by the IN route compared to the IV route. No signs of toxicity were found by histopathologic evaluation. Results suggest that IN administration of PER might be a feasible and safe approach for acute and chronic epilepsy management, especially using delivery systems as SMEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Meirinho
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Márcio Rodrigues
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CPIRN-UDI-IPG-Center for Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development, Polythecnic of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
| | - Catarina L Ferreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Biophysics Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR) Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fortuna
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; CIBIT/ICNAS - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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Manna S, Jana S. Marine Polysaccharides in Tailor- Made Drug Delivery. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1046-1066. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220328122539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract:
Marine sources have attracted much interest as an emerging source of biomaterials in drug delivery applications. Amongst all other marine biopolymers, polysaccharides have been the mostly investigated class of biomaterials. The low cytotoxic behavior, in combination with the newly explored health benefits of marine polysaccharides has made it one of the prime research areas in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. In this review, we focused on all available marine polysaccharides, including their classification based on biological sources. The applications of several marine polysaccharides in recent years for tissue-specific novel drug delivery including gastrointestinal, brain tissue, transdermal, ocular, liver, and lung have also been discussed here. The abundant availability in nature, cost-effective extraction, and purification process along with a favorable biodegradable profile will encourage researchers to continue investigating marine polysaccharides for exploring newer applications in targeting specific delivery of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejan Manna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Barasat, Kolkata, West Bengal -700125, India
| | - Sougata Jana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate of Health Services, Kolkata, India
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Yokel RA. Direct nose to the brain nanomedicine delivery presents a formidable challenge. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1767. [PMID: 34957707 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This advanced review describes the anatomical and physiological barriers and mechanisms impacting nanomedicine translocation from the nasal cavity directly to the brain. There are significant physiological and anatomical differences in the nasal cavity, olfactory area, and airflow reaching the olfactory epithelium between humans and experimentally studied species that should be considered when extrapolating experimental results to humans. Mucus, transporters, and tight junction proteins present barriers to material translocation across the olfactory epithelium. Uptake of nanoparticles through the olfactory mucosa and translocation to the brain can be intracellular via cranial nerves (intraneuronal) or other cells of the olfactory epithelium, or extracellular along cranial nerve pathways (perineural) and surrounding blood vessels (perivascular, the glymphatic system). Transport rates vary greatly among the nose to brain pathways. Nanomedicine physicochemical properties (size, surface charge, surface coating, and particle stability) can affect uptake efficiency, which is usually less than 5%. Incorporation of therapeutic agents in nanoparticles has been shown to produce pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic benefits. Assessment of adverse effects has included olfactory mucosa toxicity, ciliotoxicity, and olfactory bulb and brain neurotoxicity. The results have generally suggested the investigated nanomedicines do not present significant toxicity. Research needs to advance the understanding of nanomedicine translocation and its drug cargo after intranasal administration is presented. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Yokel
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Ambaye TG, Vaccari M, Prasad S, van Hullebusch ED, Rtimi S. Preparation and applications of chitosan and cellulose composite materials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113850. [PMID: 34619590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural fiber, chemically cellulose-like biopolymer, which is processed from chitin. Its use as a natural polymer is getting more attention because it is non-toxic, renewable, and biocompatible. However, its poor mechanical and thermal strength, particle size, and surface area restrict its industrial use. Consequently, to improve these properties, cellulose and/or inorganic nanoparticles have been used. This review discusses the recent progress of chitosan and cellulose composite materials, their preparation, and their applications in different industrial sectors. It also discusses the modification of chitosan and cellulose composite materials to allow their use on a large scale. Finally, the recent development of chitosan composite materials for drug delivery, food packaging, protective coatings, and wastewater treatment are discussed. The challenges and perspectives for future research are also considered. This review suggests that chitosan and cellulose nano-composite are promising, low-cost products for environmental remediation involving a simple production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklit Gebregiorgis Ambaye
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Mentore Vaccari
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Architectural Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brescia, Via Branze 43, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Shiv Prasad
- Division of Environment Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7154, F-75238, Paris, France
| | - Sami Rtimi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Yousfan A, Rubio N, Al-Ali M, Nattouf AH, Kafa H. Intranasal delivery of phenytoin-loaded nanoparticles to the brain suppresses pentylenetetrazol-induced generalized tonic clonic seizures in an epilepsy mouse model. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7547-7564. [PMID: 34652351 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work we describe the preparation and characterization of lecithin-chitosan nanoparticles (L10Ci+), and investigate their ability to deliver the anti-epileptic drug phenytoin (PHT) to mouse brain following intranasal (IN) administration. L10Ci+ were retained in the nasal cavity compared to PHT in PEG200 solution (PHT/PEG), which suffered immediate nasal drainage. PHT was detected in the brain after 5 min of IN administration reaching a maximum of 11.84 ± 2.31 %ID g-1 after 48 hours. L10Ci+ were associated with a higher brain/plasma ratio (Cb/p) compared to the experimental control comprising free PHT injected via the intraperitoneal route (PHT-IP) across all tested time points. Additionally, L10Ci+ led to lower PHT accumulation in the liver and spleen compared to PHT-IP, which is vital for lowering the systemic side effects of PHT. The relatively high drug targeting efficiency (DTE%) of 315.46% and the drug targeting percentage (DTP%) of 68.29%, combined with the increasing anterior-to-posterior gradient of PHT in the brain confirmed the direct nose-to-brain transport of PHT from L10Ci+. Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis was used to monitor seizure progression. L10Ci+ resulted in a complete seizure suppression after 4 hours of administration, and this inhibition persisted even with an 8-fold reduction of the encapsulated dose compared to the required PHT-IP dose to achieve a similar inhibitory effect due to systemic loss. The presented findings confirm the possibility of using L10Ci+ as a non-invasive delivery system of PHT for the management of epilepsy using reduced doses of PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Yousfan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Noelia Rubio
- Department of Chemistry and Materials, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mohammad Al-Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Abdul Hakim Nattouf
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Syria
| | - Houmam Kafa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria, Damascus, Syria.
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Emad NA, Ahmed B, Alhalmi A, Alzobaidi N, Al-Kubati SS. Recent progress in nanocarriers for direct nose to brain drug delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Lombardo R, Musumeci T, Carbone C, Pignatello R. Nanotechnologies for intranasal drug delivery: an update of literature. Pharm Dev Technol 2021; 26:824-845. [PMID: 34218736 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2021.1950186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scientific research has focused its attention on finding an alternative route to systemic oral and parenteral administration, to overcome their usual drawbacks, such as hepatic first-pass which decreases drug bioavailability after oral administration, off-target effects, low patient compliance and low speed of onset of the pharmacological action in first-aid cases. Innovative drug delivery systems (DDS), mainly based on polymer and lipid biocompatible materials, have given a great prompt in this direction in the last years. The intranasal (IN) route of administration is a valid non-invasive alternative. It is highly suitable for self-administration, the drug quickly reaches the bloodstream, largely avoiding the first pass effect, and can also reach directly the brain bypassing BBB. Association of IN route with DDS can thus become a winning strategy for the controlled delivery of drugs, especially when a very quick effect is desired or needed. This review aims at analyzing the scientific literature regarding IN-DDS and their different ways of administration (systemic, topical, pulmonary, nose-to-brain). In particular, attention was devoted to polymer- and lipid-based micro- and nanocarriers, being the topic of most published articles in the last decade, but the whole plethora of colloidal DDS investigated in recent years for IN administration was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Lombardo
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,Neurosciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Center for Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Center for Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Pignatello
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NANO-i - Research Center for Ocular Nanotechnology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Tavares Luiz M, Santos Rosa Viegas J, Palma Abriata J, Viegas F, Testa Moura de Carvalho Vicentini F, Lopes Badra Bentley MV, Chorilli M, Maldonado Marchetti J, Tapia-Blácido DR. Design of experiments (DoE) to develop and to optimize nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:127-148. [PMID: 33992754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has been widely applied to develop drug delivery systems to improve therapeutic performance. The effectiveness of these systems is intrinsically related to their physicochemical properties, so their biological responses are highly susceptible to factors such as the type and quantity of each material that is employed in their synthesis and to the method that is used to produce them. In this context, quality-oriented manufacturing of nanoparticles has been an important strategy to understand and to optimize the factors involved in their production. For this purpose, Design of Experiment (DoE) tools have been applied to obtain enough knowledge about the process and hence achieve high-quality products. This review aims to set up the bases to implement DoE as a strategy to improve the manufacture of nanocarriers and to discuss the main factors involved in the production of the most common nanocarriers employed in the pharmaceutical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Tavares Luiz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Santos Rosa Viegas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Palma Abriata
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Viegas
- Department of Computer Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Delia Rita Tapia-Blácido
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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14
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Shah B. Microemulsion as a promising carrier for nose to brain delivery: journey since last decade. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-021-00528-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Microemulsion-Based Media in Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020201. [PMID: 33540856 PMCID: PMC7912993 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nose-to-brain drug delivery has recently attracted enormous attention as an alternative to other delivery routes, including the most popular oral one. Due to the unique anatomical features of the nasal cavity, drugs administered intranasally can be delivered directly to the central nervous system. The most important advantage of this approach is the ability to avoid the blood-brain barrier surrounding the brain and blocking the entry of exogenous substances to the central nervous system. Moreover, selective brain targeting could possibly avoid peripheral side effects of pharmacotherapy. The challenges associated with nose-to-brain drug delivery are mostly due to the small volume of the nasal cavity and insufficient drug absorption from nasal mucosa. These issues could be minimized by using a properly designed drug carrier. Microemulsions as potential drug delivery systems offer good solubilizing properties and the ability to enhance drug permeation through biological membranes. The aim of this review is to summarize the current status of the research focused on microemulsion-based systems for nose-to-brain delivery with special attention to the most extensively investigated neurological and psychiatric conditions, such as neurodegenerative diseases, epilepsy, and schizophrenia.
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A Short Review on the Intranasal Delivery of Diazepam for Treating Acute Repetitive Seizures. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121167. [PMID: 33265963 PMCID: PMC7761129 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzodiazepines such as diazepam, lorazepam and midazolam remained the mainstay of treatment for acute repetitive seizures (ARS). The immediate care for ARS should often begin at home by a caregiver. This prevents the progression of ARS to prolonged seizures or status epilepticus. For a long time and despite social objections rectal diazepam gel remained only FDA-approved rescue medication. Intranasal administration of benzodiazepines is considered attractive and safe compared with rectal, buccal and sublingual routes. Intranasal delivery offers numerous advantages such as large absorptive surface area, bypass the first-pass metabolism and good patient acceptance as it is needle free and painless. Recent clinical studies have demonstrated that diazepam nasal spray (NRL-1; Valtoco®, Neurelis Inc.,San Diego, CA, USA) showed less pharmacokinetic variability and reliable bioavailability compared with the diazepam rectal gel. Diazepam nasal spray could be considered as a suitable alternative for treating seizure emergencies outside the hospital. This review summarizes the treatment options for ARS and findings from clinical studies involving intranasal diazepam for treating seizure emergencies.
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Ojeda-Hernández DD, Canales-Aguirre AA, Matias-Guiu J, Gomez-Pinedo U, Mateos-Díaz JC. Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:389. [PMID: 32432095 PMCID: PMC7214799 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the central nervous system (CNS) has a limited regenerative capacity and that many therapeutic molecules cannot cross the blood brain barrier (BBB). The use of biomaterials has emerged as an alternative to overcome these limitations. For many years, biomedical applications of chitosan have been studied due to its remarkable biological properties, biocompatibility, and high versatility. Moreover, the interest in this biomaterial for CNS biomedical implementation has increased because of its ability to cross the BBB, mucoadhesiveness, and hydrogel formation capacity. Several chitosan-based biomaterials have been applied with promising results as drug, cell and gene delivery vehicles. Moreover, their capacity to form porous scaffolds and to bear cells and biomolecules has offered a way to achieve neural regeneration. Therefore, this review aims to bring together recent works that highlight the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as adequate biomaterials for applications directed toward the CNS. First, an overview of chitosan and its derivatives is provided with an emphasis on the properties that favor different applications. Second, a compilation of works that employ chitosan-based biomaterials for drug delivery, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine in the CNS is presented. Finally, the most interesting trends and future perspectives of chitosan and its derivatives applications in the CNS are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Alejandro A Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
- Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Mateos-Díaz
- Biotecnología Industrial, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Zapopan, Mexico
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Zhang L, Pang L, Zhu S, Ma J, Li R, Liu Y, Zhu L, Zhuang X, Zhi W, Yu X, Du L, Zuo H, Jin Y. Intranasal tetrandrine temperature-sensitive in situ hydrogels for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury. Int J Pharm 2020; 583:119384. [PMID: 32371003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is the most sensitive organ to microwave radiation. However, few effective drugs are available for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury due to the poor drug permeation into the brain. Here, intranasal tetrandrine (TET) temperature-sensitive in situ hydrogels (ISGs) were prepared with poloxamers 407 and 188. Its characteristics were evaluated, including rheological properties, drug release in vitro, and mucosal irritation. The pharmacodynamics and brain-targeting effects were also studied. The highly viscous ISGs remained in the nasal cavity for a long time with the sustained release of TET and no obvious ciliary toxicity. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs markedly improved the spatial memory and spontaneous exploratory behavior induced by microwave with the Morris water maze (MWM) and the open field test (OFT) compared to the model. The ISGs alleviated the microwave-induced brain damage and inhibited the certain mRNA expressions of calcium channels in the brain. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs was rapidly absorbed with a shorter Tmax (4.8 h) compared to that of oral TET (8.4 h). The brain targeting index of intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs was as 2.26 times as that of the oral TET. Intranasal temperature-sensitive TET ISGs are a promising brain-targeted medication for the treatment of microwave-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lulu Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jinqiu Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Ruiteng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yijing Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhuang
- Beijing Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, No. 27, Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Weijia Zhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; School of Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Yiguang Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103, Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Khunt D, Shrivas M, Polaka S, Gondaliya P, Misra M. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Butter Oil in Targeting Delivery of Donepezil Hydrochloride Microemulsion to Brain via the Intranasal Route: a Comparative Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:45. [PMID: 31900652 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the possible role of butter oil (BO) and omega-3 fatty acids-rich fish oil (O3FO) in the delivery of donepezil hydrochloride microemulsion (DH-ME) to the brain via intranasal route, the present study was conducted. DH:BO and DH:O3FO binary mixtures (9:1 to 1:9) were prepared by simple physical mixing and subjected to in vitro diffusion study. Ratios of DH:BO and DH:O3FO, which showed the highest diffusion, were selected for further development of microemulsion (ME). Globule sizes of DH-BO-ME and DH-O3FO-ME were found to be 87.66 ± 5.23 nm and 88.59 ± 8.23 nm, respectively. Nasal histopathological study and in vitro cytotoxicity study revealed the safety of the formulation. Higher percentage of nasal diffusion was found with DH-BO-ME (71.22 ± 1.21%) and DH-O3FO-ME (62.16 ± 1.23%) in comparison to DH-ME (59.69 ± 1.74%) and DH solution (55.01 ± 1.19%), which was further supported by in vitro cell permeability study. After intranasal administration, %bioavailability of drug in the rat brain (Sprague-Dawley rats)(on the basis of DH-ME IV) was higher with DH-BO-ME (313.59 ± 12.98%) and DH-O3FO-ME (361.73 ± 15.15%) in comparison to DH-ME (168.62 ± 6.60%) and DH solution (8.960 ± 0.23%). The results of ex vivo diffusion study and in vivo pharmacokinetic study suggested that BO and O3FO helped in enhancing the nasal permeability and the brain uptake of drug when administered intranasally.
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Pacheco C, Sousa F, Sarmento B. Chitosan-based nanomedicine for brain delivery: Where are we heading? REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Chen Y, Cheng G, Hu R, Chen S, Lu W, Gao S, Xia H, Wang B, Sun C, Nie X, Shen Q, Fang W. A Nasal Temperature and pH Dual-Responsive In Situ Gel Delivery System Based on Microemulsion of Huperzine A: Formulation, Evaluation, and In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:301. [PMID: 31485857 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Huperzine A (hup A), extracted from the Chinese medicinal plant Huperzia serrata, is a reversible and highly selective second-generation acetylcholine esterase (AchE) inhibitor for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD), but it suffers from low bioavailability in the brain. This study aimed to develop a nasal temperature and pH dual-responsive in situ gel delivery system based on microemulsion of hup A (hup A-M-TPISG). The optimal formulation was obtained by central composite design and response surface methodology. The optimized mucoadhesive formulation, hup A-M-TPISG, was composed of pluronic F127 (20.80%), pluronic F68 (2.8%), and chitosan (0.88%) as the gel matrix, which could gelatinize under physiological conditions (29-34°C, pH 6.5) because of its temperature and pH responsiveness. The optimized hup A-M-TPISG formulation was further evaluated by in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies via microdialysis. The in vitro release study showed continuous and steady drug release from hup A-M-TPISG, which was in accordance with the first-order model. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic results revealed that the optimized formulation for nasal administration, with convenient administration and improved patient compliance, could achieve similar brain-targeting properties as intravenous administration. In conclusion, the hup A-M-TPISG for intranasal administration, as an effective and safe vehicle, could enhance the absorption of hup A in vivo and would be a promising noninvasive alternative for partially improving brain-targeting therapy.
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Kravanja G, Primožič M, Knez Ž, Leitgeb M. Chitosan-based (Nano)materials for Novel Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E1960. [PMID: 31117310 PMCID: PMC6572373 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanomaterials have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field because of their unique biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, and antimicrobial nature. Multiple perspectives of the proposed antibacterial effect and mode of action of chitosan-based nanomaterials are reviewed. Chitosan is presented as an ideal biomaterial for antimicrobial wound dressings that can either be fabricated alone in its native form or upgraded and incorporated with antibiotics, metallic antimicrobial particles, natural compounds and extracts in order to increase the antimicrobial effect. Since chitosan and its derivatives can enhance drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier, they can be also used as effective brain drug delivery carriers. Some of the recent chitosan formulations for brain uptake of various drugs are presented. The use of chitosan and its derivatives in other biomedical applications is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kravanja
- University of Maribor; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design; Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Primožič
- University of Maribor; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design; Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Željko Knez
- University of Maribor; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design; Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
| | - Maja Leitgeb
- University of Maribor; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Laboratory for Separation Processes and Product Design; Smetanova ul. 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Medicine, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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