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Kumar V, Sharma N, Saini R, Mall S, Zengin G, Sourirajan A, Khosla PK, Dev K, El-Shazly M. Therapeutic potential and industrial applications of Terminalia arjuna bark. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 310:116352. [PMID: 36933876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Terminalia arjuna (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arnot (Combretaceae) is one of the most frequently used medicinal trees in Indian traditional medicinal systems. It is used for the treatment of a variety of diseases including cardiovascular disorders. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry, medicinal uses, toxicity, and industrial applications of T. arjuna bark (BTA), as well as to identify gaps in research and applications of this important tree. It also aimed to analyze trends and future research paths to utilize the full potential of this tree. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive bibliographic research on the T. arjuna tree was carried out using scientific research engines and databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, covering all relevant English-language articles. The database "World Flora Online (WFO)" (http://www.worldfloraonline.org) was used to confirm plant taxonomy. RESULTS To date, BTA has been traditionally employed for several disorders such as snakebites, scorpion stings, gleets, earaches, dysentery, sexual disorders, and urinary tract infections along with the cardioprotective activity. About 38 phytocompounds were identified from BTA and were classified as triterpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, and glycosides. A wide range of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological effects of BTA were reported such as anti-cancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-allergic, anti-diabetic, and wound healing activities. The oral administration of BTA (500 mg/kg) per day did not result in any toxicity in humans. The in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity analysis of the methanol extract of BTA and one of its major compounds, 7-methyl gallate, did not produce any adverse effects up to a dose of 1000 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive review highlights various aspects of traditional knowledge, phytochemicals, and pharmacological significance of BTA. The review covered safety information on employing BTA in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Despite its long history of medicinal benefit, more studies are needed to understand the molecular mechanisms, structure-activity relationship, and potential synergistic and antagonistic effects of its phytocompounds, drug administration, drug-drug interactions, and toxicological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India; Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India.
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, 140307, India
| | - Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Smita Mall
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | - Anuradha Sourirajan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Prem Kumar Khosla
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 4543, USA.
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Mali DP, Gaikwad DT, Bhatia MS, Bhatia NM. Discovery of pyridoindole derivatives as potential inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 5A: in silico and in vivo studies. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:2767-2776. [PMID: 33980094 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1925274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to synthesise derivatives from identified plant based pyridoindole lead scaffold, and to assess phosphodiesterase 5A inhibitory potential by in silico and in vivo. Pyridoindole derivatives were synthesised by using six-stage reactor. In silico screening was carried out by grip-based docking methodology. In step-I, tryptophan as a starting material was reacted with different aldehydes and ketones to obtain 11 molecules. In step-II, obtained molecules were reacted with ethanol and benzyl alcohols to obtain D1 to D22 derivatives. In silico investigation resulted in best three molecules D12, D4 and D8 with promising BE score. Oral acute toxicity study of selected molecules resulted in LD50 value 500 mg/kg in rats. The result of in vivo antihypertensive study shown that molecule D12 was found to be the best antihypertensive lead molecule. This study could be a best platform to tailor novel biomolecules for inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5A enzyme in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipak P Mali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dinanath T Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish S Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neela M Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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Gaikwad DT, Jadhav NR. Discovery of potential inhibitors for phosphodiesterase 5A, sodium-potassium pump and beta-adrenergic receptor from Terminalia arjuna: in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:1754-1765. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1739558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dinanath T. Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India
| | - Namdeo R. Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Pharmacy, Kolhapur, Maharashtra State, India
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