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Mohebati S, Shakeri M, Ranjbar S, Jalali M, Nouri M, Faghih S. The association of dietary carbohydrate quality and quantity with obesity among Iranian adolescents: a case-control study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:176. [PMID: 38461264 PMCID: PMC10924309 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04671-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent obesity is considered as a major health concern worldwide which is closely linked to the quality of diet. The purpose of the present study was to assess the carbohydrate quality and quantity in relation to odds of overweight and obesity in adolescents. METHODS This case-control study with a 1:1 ratio was conducted on 406 adolescents (14 to 18 years old) matched for age and gender. Participants were selected by multistage cluster random sampling method from March to October 2019 in Shiraz, Iran. Dietary intakes of the study population were assessed by a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Also anthropometric indices were measured using standard methods and demographic information was recorded via face to face interview. The relation between low carbohydrate diet score (LCDS) and carbohydrate quality index (CQI), and odds of obesity was evaluated by multiple Logistic regression. RESULTS After adjusting the role of potential confounders, the participants in the third tertiles of LCDS (OR = 0.443, 95% CI = (0.260 to 0.755)) and CQI (OR = 0.005, 95% CI = (0.001 to 0.025)) had less odds of being overweight and obese compared to the first tertile. CONCLUSION The present study found an inverse relationship between dietary quantity and quality of carbohydrate intake and the odds of overweight and obesity in a sample of Iranian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mohebati
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Shakeri
- Endoocrine and Metabolism Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sara Ranjbar
- Department of Nutritional sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad Jalali
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Shiva Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Chen Y, Kang M, Kim H, Xu W, Lee JE. Associations of dietary patterns with obesity and weight change for adults aged 18-65 years: Evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279625. [PMID: 36696382 PMCID: PMC9876275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has become a significant public health problem within China. By observing dietary patterns, an individual's actual dietary habit of nutrients or foods in combination can be identified. We aimed to examine dietary patterns in relation to the risk of obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2) and weight change (average weight change per five years) within a Chinese cohort. METHODS We analyzed the data from 6,677 adults aged 18-65 years in the China Health and Nutrition Survey 1997-2015. Westernized, traditional Chinese, and high-starch plant-based dietary patterns were identified by principal components analysis. We estimated relative risks (RRs) and least-squares means (LS-means) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using the Cox proportional hazards models and the generalized linear models, respectively. RESULTS High adherence to the Westernized dietary pattern was associated with increased risks of obesity and weight gain. Comparing top with bottom quintiles, RR (95% CI) for obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 1.57 (1.26-1.95; P for trend < 0.001). LS-means of weight change (kg/5 years) were 1.73 (0.98-2.47) and 1.13 (0.39-1.87; P for trend = 0.036) in the top and bottom quintiles, respectively. Increased weight gain among those following the Westernized dietary pattern was stronger in the Southern region than the Northern region. There was a slight hint of an inverse association between the traditional Chinese dietary pattern and obesity. We did not find any significant association for the high-starch plant-based dietary pattern. CONCLUSIONS The Westernized dietary pattern increased the risk of obesity among Chinese adults. Weight gain associated with Western dietary pattern was more pronounced in the Southern region than in the Northern region. Our study will provide helpful data in developing dietary guidelines for the prevention of obesity specific to different regions in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Team for Sustainable Food and Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wanghong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fudan University School of Public Health, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Mosha MV, Paulo HA, Msuya SE, Grosskurth H, Filteau S. Lack of an association between dietary patterns and adiposity among primary school children in Kilimanjaro Tanzania. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:35. [PMID: 35449025 PMCID: PMC9022355 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-022-00529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Healthy dietary habits prevent childhood overweight and obesity and the risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) later in life. We examined dietary patterns and their association with adiposity among primary school children in northern Tanzania. Methods Dietary data was collected by 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for 1170 primary school children aged 9 – 11 years from 20 primary schools in the Kilimanjaro region. Factor analysis and FFQ data were used to identify dietary patterns. Children were categorized into terciles of their adherence to each dietary pattern. Multilevel logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of dietary pattern terciles with adiposity indicators: body mass index z–scores (BMI z scores), body fat percentage by bioelectrical impedance, triceps, subscapular skinfold thicknesses, and waist circumference. Results Fifteen percent of children had BMI Z > 1.0, indicating overweight or obesity. Two dietary patterns were identified by factor analysis: a healthy pattern characterized by frequent consumption of fruits and vegetables; and a mixed dietary pattern characterized by intake of fatty snacks, sweets and sugar snacks, sugary beverages, meat and alternatives, milk, and milk products. After adjusting for potential confounders, for both models: model 1 (age and sex), and model 2 (age, sex, school type, time spent walking to school, district [urban/ rural], availability of television and electronic gadgets at home and neighbourhood playground); we found no significant associations between dietary patterns and adiposity measures. Conclusion Dietary patterns were not associated with adiposity in Tanzanian primary school children, possibly because of limitations of the FFQ, which did not record information on portion sizes. Future research should focus on understanding the key foods / snacks consumed by school children, portion sizes and their long-term effects on adiposity in children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40795-022-00529-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Vincent Mosha
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCO), Moshi, Tanzania.
| | - Heavenlight A Paulo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Sia E Msuya
- Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCO), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Heiner Grosskurth
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK.,Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit (MITU), National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Suzanne Filteau
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, UK
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Ha AS, Zeng T, Wang L, Ng JYY. Parental Support, Children's Physical Activity, Dietary Behaviors and Health-Related Quality of Life: Evidence From Three Asian Cities. Int J Behav Med 2022; 29:752-761. [PMID: 35316508 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-022-10056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental support is crucial for children's healthy lifestyle formation. The present study examined the relations between parental support (i.e., encouragement and praise), children's perceived autonomy support and behaviors in the domains of physical activity (PA) and diet, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) simultaneously in Asia. METHOD Children aged 9 to 12 years and their parents (2065 dyads) in three Asian cities completed the respective questionnaires. Children reported perceived PA and dietary autonomy support, PA frequency, dietary behaviors, and HRQoL. Parents reported their PA and dietary support. The relations between parental support, children's perceived autonomy support an behaviors in the PA, and dietary domains as well as HRQoL were examined using multigroup path analyses. RESULTS Among three cities, the indirect effects of parental support on children's self-report PA or HRQoL via children's perceived PA autonomy support were significant. A hypothetical sequential indirect effect from parental PA support to children's HRQoL via children's perceived PA autonomy support and self-report PA was observed in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong and Taipei samples, the indirect effect of parental PA support on children's HRQoL via children's self-report PA and the indirect effect of children's perceived PA autonomy support on HRQoL via children's self-report PA were significant. In Hong Kong and Shanghai samples, children's perceived dietary autonomy support showed positive effect on HRQoL via healthy food consumption. CONCLUSIONS Congruent findings across three cities suggest that parents should provide support via encouragement and praise to facilitate children's perceived autonomy support and further increase PA and HRQoL. Our study adds to the literature by examining relations of parental support and children's healthy lifestyle in Asia and provides insights to parents and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy S Ha
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Taoran Zeng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Johan Y Y Ng
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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Association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity in adolescents: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:1440-1453. [PMID: 33531634 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper aimed to systematically review the results of observational studies that investigated the association of dietary patterns with blood pressure and body adiposity markers in adolescents. Articles were searched in July 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Of the 3408 studies found, 24 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. Almost all studies (n = 23) identified at least one unhealthy pattern, predominantly characterized as consumption of confectionery, refined grains, sweets, sweetened drinks, red meats, and processed meats. Fourteen of the twenty-four studies found a significant association between any dietary pattern and blood pressure and/or body adiposity markers. There was a positive association of dietary patterns - characterized by the consumption of foods rich in sodium, animal fat, refined carbohydrates, and low in fiber - with increased blood pressure and body adiposity. Our findings highlight the importance of studies with this scope, whose results can support the surveillance of adolescent's health. However, considering the limited number of studies that found a significant association and their limitations, the present results should be interpreted carefully. More prospective studies are needed to determine how adherence to dietary patterns could influence blood pressure and body adiposity markers in the long term.
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Kong N, Zhou W. The curse of modernization? Western fast food and Chinese children's weight. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:2345-2366. [PMID: 34250685 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The income-adjusted price of fast food in China is five times more than in the United States, yet we show that the introduction of Western fast-food restaurants to China still leads to significant weight gain in children. Using the community-year-level presence of Western fast-food outlets, difference-in-differences estimations find a 4.8-percentage-point increase in the prevalence of overweight/obese children after controlling for child and year fixed effects. The effect decreases at a distance of 3-4 km from a fast-food restaurant, and we find no further weight gain 2 years after the restaurant's introduction. The underweight rate is not affected by fast-food introduction. The increase in fat share of energy intake serves as the channel for weight gain. Children in high-income families, younger than 11 years, and girls are more affected than other Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Kong
- School of Economics, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Economics and Finance, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weina Zhou
- Department of Economics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Moore JB, Jee S, Kemper BJ, Maddock JE, Li R. Association Between Social Isolation and Eating Alone on Foods Consumed by Chinese Adolescents. JOURNAL OF HEALTHY EATING AND ACTIVE LIVING 2021; 1:74-83. [PMID: 37789910 PMCID: PMC10544925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly affecting Chinese adolescents due to trends in unhealthy eating, including lower fruit and vegetable consumption and increased consumption of processed foods. A cross-sectional study of adolescents was conducted in Wuhan, China, in October 2019 that included measurements of perceived social isolation, eating when anxious or depressed, diet composition, body weight, and height. Social isolation, eating when sad or anxious, and eating alone were significant predictors of processed food and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, although only eating when sad or anxious was a significant predictor of fruit and vegetable consumption. Eating when anxious or depressed did not mediate these relationships. Social isolation was associated with consumption of processed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages by boys, but not by girls, and only eating home-cooked dinner was associated with fruit and vegetable consumption by female adolescents. Eating when sad or anxious, eating alone, and eating home-cooked meals were all associated with fruit and vegetable consumption among male adolescents. The effects of social isolation, anxiety, and depression could act to increase unhealthy eating through several mechanisms potentially mediated by chronic stress, while eating alone could also act to increase unhealthy eating due to effects of self-efficacy and food availability. The interplay between diet and outside factors, including environment, social factors, and personal psychology specific to Chinese adolescents needs to be better understood to develop comprehensive interventions for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Moore
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - SangHo Jee
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Brett J. Kemper
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | | - Rui Li
- Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei,
China
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Nouriyengejeh S, Seyedhoseini B, Kordestani-Moghadam P, Pourabbasi A. The Study of Relationship between Nutritional Behaviors and Metabolic Indices: A Systematic Review. Adv Biomed Res 2020; 9:66. [PMID: 33457349 PMCID: PMC7792874 DOI: 10.4103/abr.abr_12_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic indices are the wide range of characteristic factors, which can be changed during several medical conditions such as metabolic syndrome. Nutrition and related behaviors are one of the main aspects of human lifestyle which recent investigations have recognized their roles in the development of metabolic disorders. According to the spread of risky nutritional habits/behaviors due to the changes in lifestyle, and its importance in the prevalence of metabolic disorders, the authors attempted to summarize these evidences in a systematic review. The present study is a systematic review that encompasses those studies investigating the association between metabolic indices and nutritional/dietary behaviors published in two international databases in recent 11 years. Twenty-nine related articles were considered and their data were extracted. The relation between food choices and metabolic indices is more frequent in studies. While, inhibition and abstinent and eating together were two behavioral sets with the smallest share of research. Anthropometric indices have the highest rate in the evaluations. Finding the links between nutritional behavior and metabolic indices will be the key point in selecting the different types of interventions. These results will guide therapists to the accurate recognition of metabolic effects in targeting behavior for their intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nouriyengejeh
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Seyedhoseini
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ata Pourabbasi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhen S, Ma Y, Zhao Z, Yang X, Wen D. Dietary pattern is associated with obesity in Chinese children and adolescents: data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Nutr J 2018; 17:68. [PMID: 29996840 PMCID: PMC6042200 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0372-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations of dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children with later obesity have not previously been investigated. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of obesity in Chinese adolescents and children by using a longitudinal design. METHODS Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a nationally representative survey, were used for our analysis. 489 participants 6-14 years of age were followed from 2006 to 2011. Factor analysis was used to identify the dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children. Ordered logistic regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and later obesity. RESULTS Two dietary patterns were revealed by factor analysis, the traditional Chinese dietary pattern (with high intake of rice, vegetables, poultry, pork and fish and the modern dietary pattern (with high intake of wheat, processed meat and fast food). Children in the highest quartile and the second-highest quartile of the traditional Chinese dietary pattern was inversely associated with later obesity compared with children in the lowest quartile over 5 years (OR = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.40 for Q4; OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.33, 0.67 for Q3); Children in the highest quartile of the modern dietary pattern was positively associated with later obesity compared with children in the lowest quartile over 5 years (OR = 2.02, 95%CI: 1.17, 3.48). CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns in Chinese adolescents and children are associated with later obesity. These findings further confirm the importance of children's dietary patterns in later obesity and lay groundwork for dietary culture-specific interventions targeted at reducing rates of obesity in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan Zhen
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Yanan Ma
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Zhongyi Zhao
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Xuelian Yang
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
| | - Deliang Wen
- China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province China
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Borges CA, Marchioni DML, Levy RB, Slater B. Dietary patterns associated with overweight among Brazilian adolescents. Appetite 2018; 123:402-409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mosley MA, Banna JC, Lim E, Fialkowski MK, Novotny R. Dietary patterns change over two years in early adolescent girls in Hawai'i. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2017; 27:238-245. [PMID: 29222904 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.052017.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In investigating diet-disease relationships, examination of dietary patterns allows for conclusions to be drawn based on overall intake. This study characterized dietary patterns of early adolescent girls over a two-year period and examined the relationship between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI). METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses were performed using longitudinal data from food records of early adolescent girls (n=148) 9 to 14 years in Hawai'i from the Female Adolescent Maturation (FAM) study. Dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis (PCA). Pearson's correlations between BMI percentile and z-score and dietary pattern factor scores at Times 1 (2001-2002) and 2 (2002-2003) were calculated. For each dietary pattern, participants were divided into low, intermediate, and high scorers. Mean BMI percentiles and z-scores were compared between groups using analysis of covariance. RESULTS At Time 1, three patterns were identified, characterized by: (1) whole grains, nuts and seeds, added sugar; (2) non-whole grain, tomatoes, discretionary fat; and (3) deep yellow vegetables, other starchy vegetables, cooked dry beans/peas. At Time 2, three different dietary patterns emerged: (1) non-whole grains, meat, discretionary fat; (2) other vegetables, fish, eggs; and (3) whole grain, tomatoes, other vegetables. BMI percentile and z-score differed between high and low scorers on Time 1-Pattern 1 and Time 2-Pattern 3. CONCLUSION Results revealed changes in dietary patterns over time and an association between intake and BMI. Findings demonstrate the importance of frequent nutrition assessment to monitor changes in intake that may be improved to prevent obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Ann Mosley
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Jinan C Banna
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States.
| | - Eunjung Lim
- Office of Biostatistics and Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Marie Kainoa Fialkowski
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
| | - Rachel Novotny
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, United States
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Wang JJ, Gao Y, Lau PWC. Prevalence of overweight in Hong Kong Chinese children: Its associations with family, early-life development and behaviors-related factors. J Exerc Sci Fit 2017. [PMID: 29541138 PMCID: PMC5812875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood overweight is a crucial public health concern. Recognizing its associated factors can facilitate the establishment of effective prevention strategies. The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of overweight in Hong Kong Chinese children and explore its influential factors in relation to family, early-life development and behavior-related issues. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 894 primary school students aged 9-12 years (50.4% boys). Self-reported information on family background (parental body weight, education, employment status, household income, living space, and bedroom situation), early-life developmental variables (birth weight, gestational age and feeding pattern), and children's lifestyle factors (sleep, various eating behaviors and physical activity) were collected with a questionnaire. A logistic regression was performed to test the associations. Results The overweight prevalence in Hong Kong children was 19.9%. Compared to the girls, the boys were more overweight (23.5% vs. 16.3%). Overweight was linked to paternal overweight, maternal overweight, lower maternal education, less monthly household income, and shorter sleep duration. Compared to the breast-fed children, those who were not breast-fed were more likely to become overweight, with marginal significance. Conclusion The present study revealed a high prevalence of overweight in Hong Kong pediatric population and demonstrated the family resemblance in weight status. Further interventions and promotions should involve parents and consider the family as a unit to tackle childhood overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jing Wang
- Mass Sports Research Center, China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Silva DFDO, Lyra CDO, Lima SCVC. [Dietary habits of adolescents and associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2017; 21:1181-96. [PMID: 27076017 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232015214.08742015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review to establish the major dietary habits of adolescents and the corresponding association with cardiovascular risk factors. Research was performed in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in addition to a manual search for original articles published between 2005 and 2014. Of the 371 entries identified; 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were covered in the review. The main dietary habits observed were Western (61%) Healthy (42%) and Traditional (38%). Western dietary habits were positively associated with total cholesterol and SM, while Healthy dietary habits were inversely associated with fasting glycaemia, DBP and SM and positively with HDL-C, all of the aforementioned associations with very low (D) quality of evidence in accordance with the GRADE rating. The Traditional dietary habits were considered a risk factor for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and protection for physical activity and eutrophic BMI. Although these results need to be analyzed with caution, due to the low quality of evidence, there is a clear need for actions aimed at promoting healthy dietary habits in adolescents in order to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.
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Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Obesity in Older People in China: Data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Nutrients 2015; 7:8170-88. [PMID: 26404368 PMCID: PMC4586581 DOI: 10.3390/nu7095386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: No studies have been conducted to explore the associations between dietary patterns and obesity among older Chinese people, by considering gender and urbanization level differences. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey (2745 individuals, aged ≥ 60 years). Dietary data were obtained using 24 h-recall over three consecutive days. Height, Body Weight, and Waist Circumference were measured. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Multinomial and Poisson regression models were used to examine the association between dietary patterns and Body Mass Index (BMI) status/central obesity. Results: The prevalence of general and central obesity was 9.5% and 53.4%. Traditional dietary pattern (high intake of rice, pork and vegetables) was inversely associated with general/central obesity; modern dietary pattern (high intake of fruit, fast food, and processed meat) was positively associated with general/central obesity. The highest quartile of traditional dietary pattern had a lower risk of general/central obesity compared with the lowest quartile, while an inverse picture was found for the modern dietary pattern. These associations were consistent by gender and urbanization levels. Conclusions: Dietary patterns are associated with general/central obesity in older Chinese. This study reinforces the importance of a healthy diet in promoting healthy ageing in China.
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