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Gómez-Soria I, Iguacel I, Cuenca-Zaldívar JN, Aguilar-Latorre A, Peralta-Marrupe P, Latorre E, Calatayud E. Cognitive stimulation and psychosocial results in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105114. [PMID: 37451002 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive stimulation (CS) is a popular and cost-effective intervention, which applies different types of techniques focused on cognitive skills and can be administered by different professionals. CS can be defined as activities that involve cognitive processing usually conducted in a social context and often in a group. Therefore, CS can improve psychosocial functioning and quality of life (QoL), depression, anxiety and activities of daily living (ADLs) independent of the pharmacological treatment such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of CS on psychosocial outcomes in older adults (aged 65 years or over), with healthy cognitive ageing, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were examined from inception to October 2021. A total of 1,997 studies were initially identified in these databases. After discarding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 30 studies were finally included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis performed with robust variance estimator (RVE) due the inclusion of studies with repeated measurements. The quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health were used to evaluate the quality of the studies. RESULTS CS was significantly associated with a higher QoL in participants who received personalized/adapted CS (RVE = 0.11±0.19 [-0.76, 0.99], t(1.86) = 0.6, p = 0.61). . CONCLUSION Personalized/adapted CS seems to improve QoL in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel Iguacel
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Juan Nicolás Cuenca-Zaldívar
- Research Group in Nursing and Health Care, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute - Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), 28222 Majadahonda (Madrid), Spain; Primary Health Center "El Abajon", 28231 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain; Universidad de Alcalá, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia, Grupo de Investigación en Fisioterapia y Dolor, 28801 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Alejandra Aguilar-Latorre
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Eva Latorre
- Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Gómez-Soria I, Iguacel I, Aguilar-Latorre A, Peralta-Marrupe P, Latorre E, Zaldívar JNC, Calatayud E. Cognitive stimulation and cognitive results in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 104:104807. [PMID: 36116285 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The lack of cognitive activity accelerates age cognitive decline. Cognitive stimulation (CS) tries to enhance cognitive functioning. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of CS on cognitive outcomes (general cognitive functioning and specific cognitive domains) in older adults (aged 65 years or older, cognitively healthy participants, or with mild cognitive impairment, or dementia). METHODS PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were examined from inception to October 2021. A total of 1,997 studies were identified in these databases, and. 33 studies were finally included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis. Raw means and standard deviations were used for continuous outcomes. Publication bias was examined by Egger's Regression Test for Funnel Plot Asymmetry and the quality assessment tools from the National Institutes of Health. RESULTS CS significantly improves general cognitive functioning (mean difference=MD = 1.536, 95%CI, 0.832 to 2.240), memory (MD = 0.365, 95%CI, 0.300 to 0.430), orientation (MD = 0.428, 95%CI, 0.306 to 0.550), praxis (MD = 0.278, 95%CI, 0.094 to 0.462) and calculation (MD = 0.228, 95%CI, 0.112 to 0.343). CONCLUSION CS seems to increase general cognitive functioning, memory, orientation, praxis, and calculation in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Isabel Iguacel
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Patricia Peralta-Marrupe
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Nicolás Cuenca Zaldívar
- Research Group in Nursing and Health Care, Puerta de Hierro Health Research Institute - Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA), Madrid, Spain; Primary Health Center "El Abajon", 28231 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Department of Physiatry and Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Institute for Health Research Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
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Gómez-Soria I, Brandín-de la Cruz N, Cuenca Zaldívar JN, Calvo S, Herrero P, Calatayud E. Effectiveness of Personalized Cognitive Stimulation in Older Adults with Mild Possible Cognitive Impairment: A 12-month Follow-up Cognitive Stimulation in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:878-890. [PMID: 34128780 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1937764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to analyze the long-term effects of a personalized cognitive stimulation (PCS) program on the global cognition, cognitive aspects, activities of daily living (ADLs), anxiety, and depression in older adults with possible mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS A 12-month follow-up analysis was carried out in a single-blind, randomized clinical trial to research the long-term effects of a 10-week PCS program evaluating the cognitive level, depression, and anxiety of older adults with possible MCI. RESULTS Fifty older adults were assessed 12 months after the CS program, 23 in the intervention group and 27 in the control group. There were significant differences between the groups at 12 months in the global cognition (p = .002), in global orientation (p < .001), and in spatial orientation (p = .004) in favor of the intervention group, measured with the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MEC-35). CONCLUSIONS A PCS program could be effective in improving global cognition and global and spatial orientation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS A PCS program based on cognitive levels in older adults with possible MCI achieves improvements in global cognition and global and spatial orientation. PCS programs can be applied successfully by trained occupational therapists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | | - Sandra Calvo
- iPhysio Research Group, Universidad San Jorge, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Herrero
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Departamento de Fisiatría y Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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Gómez-Soria I, Ferreira C, Oliván Blazquez B, Magallón Botaya RM, Calatayud E. Short-term memory, attention, and temporal orientation as predictors of the cognitive impairment in older adults: A cross-sectional observational study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261313. [PMID: 34928983 PMCID: PMC8687627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life cognitive decline ranges from the mildest cases of normal, age-related change to mild cognitive impairment to severe cases of dementia. Dementia is the largest global burden for the 21st century welfare and healthcare systems. The aim of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological constructs (temporal orientation (TO), spatial orientation (SO), fixation memory (FM), attention (A), calculation (C), short-term memory (STM), language (L), and praxis (P)), semantic fluency, level of functionality, and mood that reveal the greatest deficit in the different stages ranging from normal cognition (NC) to cognitive impairment in older adults in a primary healthcare setting. The study included 337 participants (102 men, 235 women), having a mean age of 74 ± 6 years. According to their scores on the Spanish version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MEC-35), subjects were divided into 4 groups: no deterioration (ND) (score 32-35), subtle cognitive impairment (SCI) (score 28-31), level deterioration (LD) (score 24-27) and moderate deterioration (MD) (score 20-23). The ND group revealed significant differences in TO, STM, C, A, L, P, and S-T as compared to the other groups. The MD group (in all the neuropsychological constructs) and the ND and SCI groups showed significant differences on the Yesavage geriatric depression scale (GDS-15). All except the FM neuropsychological construct were part of the MEC-35 prediction model and all of the regression coefficients were significant for these variables in the model. Furthermore, the highest average percentage of relative deterioration occurs between LD and MD and the greatest deterioration is observed in the STM for all groups, including A and TO for the LD and MD groups. Based on our findings, community programs have been implemented that use cognitive stimulation to prevent cognitive decline and to maintain the neuropsychological constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gómez-Soria
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing,
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza,
Spain
| | - Chelo Ferreira
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Applied Mathematics and
IUMA, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Bárbara Oliván Blazquez
- Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza,
Spain
- Faculty of Social and Labor Sciences, Department of Psychology and
Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Rosa Mª Magallón Botaya
- Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza,
Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology,
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estela Calatayud
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiatry and Nursing,
University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Institute of Health Research of Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza,
Spain
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