1
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Chakraborty S, Mishra B, Kumar Das P, Pasari S, Hotha S. Synthesis of N-Glycosides by Silver-Assisted Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214167. [PMID: 36458817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of N-glycosides from stable glycosyl donors in a catalytic fashion is still challenging, though they exist ubiquitously in DNA, RNA, glycoproteins, and other biological molecules. Herein, silver-assisted gold-catalyzed activation of alkynyl glycosyl carbonate donors is shown to be a versatile approach for the synthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, asparagine glycosides and quinolin-2-one N-glycosides. Thus synthesized nucleosides were subjected to the oxidation-reduction sequence for the conversion of Ribf- into Araf- nucleosides, giving access to nucleosides that are otherwise difficult to synthesize. Furthermore, the protocol is demonstrated to be suitable for the synthesis of 2'-modified nucleosides in a facile manner. Direct attachment of an asparagine-containing dipeptide to the glucopyranose and subsequent extrapolation to afford the dipeptide disaccharide unit of chloroviruses is yet another facet of this endeavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptashwa Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411 008, MH, India
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411 008, MH, India
| | - Pratim Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411 008, MH, India
| | - Sandip Pasari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411 008, MH, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune-, 411 008, MH, India
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2
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Gurung PB, Thapa P, Hettiarachchi IL, Zhu J. Cationic gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7006-7010. [PMID: 36000552 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01436j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A mild and efficient cationic gold(I)-catalyzed O-glycosylation methodology involving the use of bench-stable glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors has been developed. In the presence of 1-2 mol% [tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite]gold(I) chloride and 5 mol% silver triflate, both "armed" and "disarmed" glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamate donors react with various sugar acceptors at room temperature to afford the corresponding glycosides in good to excellent yields. These glycosyl N-1,1-dimethylpropargyl carbamates are found to be orthogonal to regular phenyl thioglycoside donors. The utilization of this method has been demonstrated in the synthesis of a trisaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prem Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Prakash Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA.
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3
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Cai C, Sun X, Feng Y, Zhang Q, Chai Y. Insights into the Activation of Alkyne-Installed Glycosyl Donors with Dual Acidic Metal Catalysts: Reaction Pathway, Influencing Factors, and Enlightenment for Glycosylation. Org Lett 2022; 24:6266-6271. [PMID: 35981218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The activation of alkyne-installed glycosyl donors with dual acidic metal catalysts were studied. Lewis and/or π acidity-activated pathways were observed for alkynyl carbonate-, ester-, and ether-type donors, and π acidity-promoted reaction mode afforded higher efficiency and yields. The activation mode for a certain metal catalyst is determined by the nature of catalysts itself, protecting groups on sugar rings, type of sugars, and structure of aglycones. The discovery gives us valuable insights into the glycosylation of alkyne-containing donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Xingchun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yingle Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yonghai Chai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, P. R. China
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4
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Thapa P, Gurung PB, Hettiarachchi IL, Zhu J. Cationic gold(I)-catalyzed glycosylation with glycosyl S-3-butynyl thiocarbonate donors. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2076863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Prem Bahadur Gurung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ishani Lakshika Hettiarachchi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
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5
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Escopy S, Demchenko AV. Transition-Metal-Mediated Glycosylation with Thioglycosides. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103747. [PMID: 34935219 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Thioglycosides are among the most common glycosyl donors that find broad application in the synthesis of glycans and glycoconjugates. However, the requirement for toxic and/or large access of activators needed for common glycosylations with thioglycosides remains a notable drawback. Due to the increased awareness of the chemical waste impact on the environment, synthetic studies have been driven by the goal of finding non-toxic reagents. The main focus of this review is to highlight recent methods for thioglycoside activation that rely on transition metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Escopy
- University of Missouri - St. Louis, Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Saint Louis University, Chemistry, 3501 Laclede Ave, 63103, St. Louis, UNITED STATES
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6
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Alex C, Demchenko AV. Recent Advances in Stereocontrolled Mannosylation: Focus on Glycans Comprising Acidic and/or Amino Sugars. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3278-3294. [PMID: 34661961 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The main focus of this review is to describe accomplishments made in the stereoselective synthesis of β-linked mannosides functionalized with carboxyls or amines/amides. These ManNAc, ManA and ManNAcA residues found in many glycoconjugates, bacterial polysaccharides, and alginates have consistently captured interest of the glycoscience community both due to synthetic challenge and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA
| | - Alexei V Demchenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, 3501 Laclede Ave, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
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7
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Liu R, Hua Q, Lou Q, Wang J, Li X, Ma Z, Yang Y. NIS/TMSOTf-Promoted Glycosidation of Glycosyl ortho-Hexynylbenzoates for Versatile Synthesis of O-Glycosides and Nucleosides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4763-4778. [PMID: 33689328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosidation plays a pivotal role in the synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides that mediate a diverse range of biological processes. However, efficient glycosidation approach for the synthesis of both O-glycosides and nucleosides remains challenging in terms of glycosidation yields, mild reaction conditions, readily available glycosyl donors, and cheap promoters. Here, we report a versatile N-iodosuccinimide/trimethylsilyl triflate (NIS/TMSOTf)-promoted glycosidation approach with glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates as donors for the highly efficient synthesis of O-glycosides and nucleosides. The glycosidation approach highlights the merits of mild reaction conditions, cheap promoters, extremely wide substrate scope, and good to excellent yields. Notably, the glycosidation approach performs very well in the construction of a series of challenging O- and N-glycosidic linkages. The glycosidation approach is then applied to the efficient synthesis of oligosaccharides via the one-pot strategy and the stepwise strategy. On the basis of the isolation and characterization of the departure species derived from the leaving group, a plausible mechanism of NIS/TMSOTf-promoted glycosidation of glycosyl ortho-hexynylbenzoates is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qingting Hua
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qixin Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazhe Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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8
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Alex C, Visansirikul S, Demchenko AV. A versatile approach to the synthesis of mannosamine glycosides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6682-6695. [PMID: 32813001 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01640c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
O-Picoloyl protecting groups at remote positions can affect the stereoselectivity of glycosylation by means of the H-bond-mediated aglycone delivery (HAD) pathway. A new practical method for the stereoselective synthesis of β-glycosides of mannosamine is reported. The presence of the O-picoloyl group at the C-3 position of a mannosamine donor can provide high or complete stereocontrol. The method was also utilized for the synthesis of a biologically relevant trisaccharide related to the capsular polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4. Also reported herein is a method to achieve complete α-manno stereoselectivity with mannosamine donors equipped with 3-O-benzoyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Alex
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri - St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
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9
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Parvin N, Mishra B, George A, Neralkar M, Hossain J, Parameswaran P, Hotha S, Khan S. N-Heterocyclic silylene/germylene ligands in Au(i) catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7625-7628. [PMID: 32515769 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cationic Au(i) complexes (2, 5 and 8) supported by N-heterocyclic carbene, silylene and germylene ligands were prepared and their potential as catalysts in glycosidation chemistry has been evaluated. Insights into the mechanism are provided using DFT studies. Practical application of them as catalysts was achieved by the synthesis of the branched pentamannan core of the HIV-gp120 envelope under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Anjana George
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P. O., Calicut-673601, India.
| | - Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Jabed Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Pattiyil Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Calicut, NIT Campus P. O., Calicut-673601, India.
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune-411008, India.
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10
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Meng L, Wu P, Fang J, Xiao Y, Xiao X, Tu G, Ma X, Teng S, Zeng J, Wan Q. Glycosylation Enabled by Successive Rhodium(II) and Brønsted Acid Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11775-11780. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingkui Meng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Guangsheng Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuang Teng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal
Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
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11
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Abstract
Because of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave., Medford, MA 02155, USA
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12
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Zheng Z, Zhang L. Gold-catalyzed synthesis of α-D-glucosides using an o-ethynylphenyl β-D-1-thioglucoside donor. Carbohydr Res 2019; 471:56-63. [PMID: 30439547 PMCID: PMC6358439 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed glucosylation method using an o-ethynylphenyl β-D-1-thioglucoside as donor is described. The reaction proceeds in a mostly SN2 pathway. A series of α-D-glucosides are obtained in good yields and with up to 19:1 α-selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, United States
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93117, United States.
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13
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Dong X, Chen L, Zheng Z, Ma X, Luo Z, Zhang L. Silver-catalyzed stereoselective formation of glycosides using glycosyl ynenoates as donors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:8626-8629. [PMID: 30019713 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02494d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A silver-catalyzed glycosylation reaction employing readily accessible and stable glycosyl ynenoates is developed. This reaction is mostly high yielding and exhibits varying levels of stereoinversion at the anomeric position. Compared to established and versatile Yu's gold catalysis, this chemistry features the use of substantially cheaper AgNTf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China. and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Zhitong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Xu Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Zaigang Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
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14
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Liu M, Li BH, Xiong DC, Ye XS. O-Glycosylation Enabled by N-(Glycosyloxy)acetamides. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8292-8303. [PMID: 29938493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel glycosylation protocol has been established by using N-(glycosyloxy)acetamides as glycosyl donors. The N-oxyacetamide leaving group in donors could be rapidly activated in the presence of Cu(OTf)2 or SnCl4 under microwave irradiation. This glycosylation process afforded the coupled products in high yields, and the reaction enjoyed a broad substrate scope, even for disarmed donors and hindered acceptors. The easy availability of the donors, the high stability of N-(glycosyloxy)acetamides, and the small leaving group make this method very practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Liu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - Bo-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
| | - De-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis , Jiangxi Normal University , Nanchang 330022 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , China
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Martin Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Abstract
Naturally occurring glycans and glycoconjugates have extremely diverse structures and biological functions. Syntheses of these molecules and their artificial mimics, which have attracted the interest of those developing new therapeutic agents, rely on glycosylation methodologies to construct the various glycosidic linkages. In this regard, a wide array of glycosylation methods have been developed, and they mainly involve the substitution of a leaving group on the anomeric carbon of a glycosyl donor with an acceptor (a nucleophile) under the action of a particular promoter (usually a stoichiometric electrophile). However, glycosylations involving inherently unstable or unreactive donors/acceptors are still problematic. In those systems, reactions involving nucleophilic, electrophilic, or acidic species present on the leaving group and the promoter could become competitive and detrimental to the glycosylation. To address this problem, we applied the recently developed chemistry of alkynophilic gold(I) catalysts to the development of new glycosylation reactions that would avoid the use of the conventional leaving groups and promoters. Gratifyingly, glycosyl o-alkynylbenzoates (namely, glycosyl o-hexynyl- and o-cyclopropylethynylbenzoates) turned out to be privileged donors under gold(I) catalysis with Ph3PAuNTf2 and Ph3PAuOTf. The merits of this new glycosylation protocol include the following: (1) the donors are easily prepared and are generally shelf-stable; (2) the promotion is catalytic; (3) the substrate scope is extremely wide; (4) relatively few side reactions are observed; (5) the glycosylation conditions are orthogonal to those of conventional methods; and (6) the method is operationally simple. Indeed, this method has been successfully applied in the synthesis of a wide variety of complex glycans and glycoconjugates, including complex glycosides of epoxides, nucleobases, flavonoids, lignans, steroids, triterpenes, and peptides. The direct glycosylation of some sensitive aglycones, such as dammarane C20-ol and sugar oximes, and the glycosylation-initiated polymerization of tetrahydrofuran were achieved for the first time. The gold(I) catalytic cycle of the present glycosylation protocol has been fully elucidated. In particular, key intermediates, such as the 1-glycosyloxyisochromenylium-4-gold(I) and isochromen-4-ylgold(I) complexes, have been unambiguously characterized. Exploiting the former glycosyloxypyrylium intermediate, SN2-type glycosylations were realized in specific cases, such as β-mannosylation/rhamnosylation. The protodeauration of the latter vinylgold(I) intermediate has been reported to be critically important for the gold(I) catalytic cycle. Thus, the addition of a strong acid as a cocatalyst can dramatically reduce the required loading of the gold(I) catalyst (down to 0.001 equiv). C-Glycosylation with silyl nucleophiles can proceed catalytically when moisture, which is sequestered by molecular sieves, can serve as the H+ donor for the required protodeauration step. Indeed, the unique mechanism explains the merits and broad applicability of the present glycosylation method and provides a foundation for future developments in glycosylation methodologies that mainly involve improving the diastereoselectivity and catalytic efficiency of glycosylations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic
and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular
Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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17
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Li W, Yu B. Gold-catalyzed glycosylation in the synthesis of complex carbohydrate-containing natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7954-7984. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00209f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold(i)- and gold(iii)-catalyzed glycosylation reactions and their application in the synthesis of natural glycoconjugates are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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18
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Practical synthesis of latent disarmed S -2-(2-propylthio)benzyl glycosides for interrupted Pummerer reaction mediated glycosylation. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Li X, Zhu J. Glycosylation via Transition-Metal Catalysis: Challenges and Opportunities. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Natural Sciences; University of Michigan-Dearborn; 4901 Evergreen Road 48128 Dearborn Michigan USA
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering; The University of Toledo; 2801 West Bancroft Street 43606 Toledo Ohio USA
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20
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Xiao X, Zhao Y, Shu P, Zhao X, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang Q, Zeng J, Wan Q. Remote Activation of Disarmed Thioglycosides in Latent-Active Glycosylation via Interrupted Pummerer Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13402-13407. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Penghua Shu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiuchang Sun
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zeng
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Wan
- Hubei
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation,
School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
- Institute
of Brain Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, People’s Republic of China
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21
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Mishra B, Neralkar M, Hotha S. Stable Alkynyl Glycosyl Carbonates: Catalytic Anomeric Activation and Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Reminiscent ofMycobacterium tuberculosisCell Wall Lipoarabinomannan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201511695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
| | - Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
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22
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Mishra B, Neralkar M, Hotha S. Stable Alkynyl Glycosyl Carbonates: Catalytic Anomeric Activation and Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Reminiscent ofMycobacterium tuberculosisCell Wall Lipoarabinomannan. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7786-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201511695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijoyananda Mishra
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
| | - Mahesh Neralkar
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pune India
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23
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Mukherjee MM, Basu N, Ghosh R. Iron(iii) chloride modulated selective 1,2-trans glycosylation based on glycosyl trichloroacetimidate donors and its application in orthogonal glycosylation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra21859h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
FeCl3 modulated excellent 1,2-trans selective glycosylations based on trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors even in the presence of apparently silent C-2 protecting group, along with orthogonal glycosylation reactions are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nabamita Basu
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
| | - Rina Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- Jadavpur University
- Kolkata 700032
- India
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24
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Baryal KN, Adhikari S, Zhu J. Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Digitoxosides: Direct Synthesis of Digitoxin and C1′-epi-Digitoxin. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12469-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4021419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kedar N. Baryal
- Department
of Chemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Surya Adhikari
- Department
of Chemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Jianglong Zhu
- Department
of Chemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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