Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Thiosemicarbazones of Substituted Benzaldehydes and N-(Hepta-O-Acetyl-β-d-Lactosyl)Thiosemicarbazide

Chemical Constituents of Callicarpa giraldii and Their Anti-Inflammatory Activity

Callicarpa giraldii (family Verbenaceae) has many medical properties and is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its chemical constituents have not been investigated. In this study, nine compounds present in the leaves and stems were isolated and characterized. These were negundonorin B (1), lupeol (2), erythrodiol (3), isoacteoside (4), forsythoside B (5), dibutyl phthalate (6), verbascoside (7), poliumoside (8), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9). The structures were identified by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. The anti-inflammatory effects of compounds 1-6 were tested on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Several compounds showed significant ( p < .05) inhibitory effects.

Synthesis and biological screening of thiosemicarbazones of substituted 3-acetylcoumarins having d-glucose moiety

Thiosemicarbazones 5a-j were synthesized with yields of 45-68% by condensation of 3-acetylcoumarins 3a-j and tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-thiosemicarbazide 4. All obtained thiosemicarbazones were screened for anti-microorganic activities against bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium) and fungi (A. niger, C. albicans, S. cerevisiae, and A. flavus). Some compounds had significant inhibitory activity with MICs of 0.78-3.125 μM in comparison with 5a, including 5e,h,i for S. aureus, and 5c,f,i for S. epidermidis (Gram-(+) bacteria), 5c,f,g for E.coli, 5f for K. pneumoniae, 5b,c,g for P. aeruginosa, and 5i for S. typhimurium (Gram-(-) bacteria), 5d,h,i for A. niger, 5i for A. flavus, 5b,d,e,h for C. albicans, and 5i for S. cerevisiae. Compounds exhibited excellent activity against tested microorganism with MIC = 0.78 μM, including 5h,i (against S. aureus), 5h (against C. albicans), and 5i (against S. cerevisiae).

Biological Activity of Ionic Liquids and Their Application in Pharmaceutics and Medicine

Ionic liquids are remarkable chemical compounds, which find applications in many areas of modern science. Because of their highly tunable nature and exceptional properties, ionic liquids have become essential players in the fields of synthesis and catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analytics, biotechnology, etc. Apart from physical and chemical features of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has been attracting significant attention from biochemists, ecologists, and medical scientists. This Review is dedicated to biological activities of ionic liquids, with a special emphasis on their potential employment in pharmaceutics and medicine. The accumulated data on the biological activity of ionic liquids, including their antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties, are discussed in view of possible applications in drug synthesis and drug delivery systems. Dedicated attention is given to a novel active pharmaceutical ingredient-ionic liquid (API-IL) concept, which suggests using traditional drugs in the form of ionic liquid species. The main aim of this Review is to attract a broad audience of chemical, biological, and medical scientists to study advantages of ionic liquid pharmaceutics. Overall, the discussed data highlight the importance of the research direction defined as "Ioliomics", studies of ions in liquids in modern chemistry, biology, and medicine.