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Reid A, Erickson KM, Hazel JM, Lukose V, Troutman JM. Chemoenzymatic Preparation of a Campylobacter jejuni Lipid-Linked Heptasaccharide on an Azide-Linked Polyisoprenoid. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:15790-15798. [PMID: 37151508 PMCID: PMC10157688 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Complex poly- and oligosaccharides on the surface of bacteria provide a unique fingerprint to different strains of pathogenic and symbiotic microbes that could be exploited for therapeutics or sensors selective for specific glycans. To discover reagents that can selectively interact with specific bacterial glycans, a system for both the chemoenzymatic preparation and immobilization of these materials would be ideal. Bacterial glycans are typically synthesized in nature on the C55 polyisoprenoid bactoprenyl (or undecaprenyl) phosphate. However, this long-chain isoprenoid can be difficult to work with in vitro. Here, we describe the addition of a chemically functional benzylazide tag to polyisoprenoids. We have found that both the organic-soluble and water-soluble benzylazide isoprenoid can serve as a substrate for the well-characterized system responsible for Campylobacter jejuni N-linked heptasaccharide assembly. Using the organic-soluble analogue, we demonstrate the use of an N-acetyl-glucosamine epimerase that can be used to lower the cost of glycan assembly, and using the water-soluble analogue, we demonstrate the immobilization of the C. jejuni heptasaccharide on magnetic beads. These conjugated beads are then shown to interact with soybean agglutinin, a lectin known to interact with N-acetyl-galactosamine in the C. jejuni heptasaccharide. The methods provided could be used for a wide variety of applications including the discovery of new glycan-interacting partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda
J. Reid
- Nanoscale
Science Program, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Katelyn M. Erickson
- Nanoscale
Science Program, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
| | - Joseph M. Hazel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Blvd., Charlotte, North
Carolina 28223, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 281 W Lane Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Vinita Lukose
- Departments
of Chemistry and Biology, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jerry M. Troutman
- Nanoscale
Science Program, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, North Carolina 28223, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina
at Charlotte, 9201 University
City Blvd., Charlotte, North
Carolina 28223, United States
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2
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Echeverri D, Orozco J. Glycan-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Promising Tools for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:8533. [PMID: 36500624 PMCID: PMC9736010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-based electrochemical biosensors are emerging as analytical tools for determining multiple molecular targets relevant to diagnosing infectious diseases and detecting cancer biomarkers. These biosensors allow for the detection of target analytes at ultra-low concentrations, which is mandatory for early disease diagnosis. Nanostructure-decorated platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the analytical performance of electrochemical biosensors. In addition, glycans anchored to electrode platforms as bioreceptors exhibit high specificity toward biomarker detection. Both attributes offer a synergy that allows ultrasensitive detection of molecular targets of clinical interest. In this context, we review recent advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors for detecting infectious diseases and cancer biomarkers focused on colorectal cancer. We also describe general aspects of structural glycobiology, definitions, and classification of electrochemical biosensors and discuss relevant works on electrochemical glycobiosensors in the last ten years. Finally, we summarize the advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors and comment on some challenges and limitations needed to advance toward real clinical applications of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N°52–20, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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3
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Kadhirvel P, Azenha M, Ivanova G, Pereira C, Silva AF. A simpler and greener alternative route for anchoring carbohydrates with structural integrity on silica and glass supports. J Carbohydr Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2022.2121835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Porkodi Kadhirvel
- CIQ-UP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuel Azenha
- CIQ-UP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Galya Ivanova
- Requimte, LAQV, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Pereira
- CIQ-UP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António F. Silva
- CIQ-UP, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Dojcsák D, Ilosvai ÁM, Vanyorek L, Gilányi I, Oláh C, Horváth L, Váradi C. NH 2-Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles for the N-Glycomic Analysis of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169095. [PMID: 36012360 PMCID: PMC9409089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is vital for well-functioning glycoproteins and is reportedly altered in chronic inflammatory disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS). High-throughput quantitative measurement of protein glycosylation is challenging, as glycans lack fluorophore groups and require fluorescent labeling. The attachment of fluorescent tags to each glycan moiety necessitates sample clean-up for reliable quantitation. The use of magnetic particles in glycan sample preparation is reportedly an easy-to-use solution to accomplish large-scale biomarker discovery studies. In this study, NH2-funtionalized magnetic nanoparticles were synthetized, characterized and applied for the glycosylation analysis of serum samples from patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis and corresponding healthy controls. Serum samples were PNGase F digested and labeled by procainamide via reductive amination, followed by magnetic nanoparticle-based purification. The prepared samples were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, allowing for the relative quantitation of the individual glycan species. Significant glycosylation alterations were detected between MS patients and healthy controls, especially when analyzing the different gender groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Dojcsák
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Mária Ilosvai
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - László Vanyorek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Gilányi
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Oláh
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - László Horváth
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Center Hospital and University Teaching Hospital, Miskolc, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Csaba Váradi
- Advanced Materials and Intelligent Technologies Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-308-947-730
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5
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A universal strategy of glyconanoparticle preparation using a bifunctional linker for lectin sensing and cell imaging. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:154. [PMID: 35332420 PMCID: PMC8948015 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05220-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glyconanoparticles (G-NPs), biofunctional nanomaterials that can fully combine the unique properties of nanoparticles (NPs) with the bioactivities of carbohydrates, have become an appealing nanoplatform in analytical chemistry and biomedical research. However, there is currently a lack of an efficient and universal method for facile immobilization of reducing carbohydrates on NPs while maintaining their structure integrity, greatly limiting the preparation and application of G-NPs. Herein, a new and universal strategy for preparing carbohydrate-functionalized gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) was developed by using S-(3-(methoxyamino)propyl) thioacetate (MPTA) as a new bifunctional linker. MPTA with an N-methoxyamine group (-NHOMe) and a thioacetyl group (-SAc) was synthesized by a two-step strategy and then grafted onto Au NCs by an efficient click reaction. Subsequently, reducing carbohydrates could be readily immobilized onto MPTA-functionalized Au NCs (MPTA-Au NCs) by a reducing end ring-closure reaction under mild conditions. The obtained G-NPs showed average size of 1.9 ± 0.42 nm and strong fluorescence at 610 nm. Carbohydrates grafted on G-NPs still retained their structure integrity and specific recognition ability toward their receptor proteins. Notably, the affinity between G-NPs and proteins was increased by 1300 times compared with free carbohydrates with an association constant of (1.47 ± 0.356) × 106 M−1. The prepared fluorescent G-NPs were also successfully applied to lectin sensing and targeted breast cancer cell imaging with good performance. These results indicated that the intact immobilization of reducing carbohydrates (whether naturally or chemically accessed) on NPs could be easily achieved using MPTA, providing a simple, efficient, and universal strategy for G-NP preparation.
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Tsouka A, Hoetzel K, Mende M, Heidepriem J, Paris G, Eickelmann S, Seeberger PH, Lepenies B, Loeffler FF. Probing Multivalent Carbohydrate-Protein Interactions With On-Chip Synthesized Glycopeptides Using Different Functionalized Surfaces. Front Chem 2021; 9:766932. [PMID: 34778215 PMCID: PMC8589469 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.766932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Multivalent ligand-protein interactions are a commonly employed approach by nature in many biological processes. Single glycan-protein interactions are often weak, but their affinity and specificity can be drastically enhanced by engaging multiple binding sites. Microarray technology allows for quick, parallel screening of such interactions. Yet, current glycan microarray methodologies usually neglect defined multivalent presentation. Our laser-based array technology allows for a flexible, cost-efficient, and rapid in situ chemical synthesis of peptide scaffolds directly on functionalized glass slides. Using copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, different monomer sugar azides were attached to the scaffolds, resulting in spatially defined multivalent glycopeptides on the solid support. Studying their interaction with several different lectins showed that not only the spatially defined sugar presentation, but also the surface functionalization and wettability, as well as accessibility and flexibility, play an essential role in such interactions. Therefore, different commercially available functionalized glass slides were equipped with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker to demonstrate its effect on glycan-lectin interactions. Moreover, different monomer sugar azides with and without an additional PEG-spacer were attached to the peptide scaffold to increase flexibility and thereby improve binding affinity. A variety of fluorescently labeled lectins were probed, indicating that different lectin-glycan pairs require different surface functionalization and spacers for enhanced binding. This approach allows for rapid screening and evaluation of spacing-, density-, ligand and surface-dependent parameters, to find optimal lectin binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Tsouka
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kassandra Hoetzel
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marco Mende
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jasmin Heidepriem
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Grigori Paris
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of System Dynamics and Friction Physics, Institute of Mechanics, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eickelmann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Lepenies
- Institute for Immunology and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix F. Loeffler
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
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Nicolas J, Magli S, Rabbachin L, Sampaolesi S, Nicotra F, Russo L. 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimics: Fundamental Concepts and Role of Materials Chemistry to Influence Stem Cell Fate. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1968-1994. [PMID: 32227919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic 3D extracellular matrices (ECMs) find application in cell studies, regenerative medicine, and drug discovery. While cells cultured in a monolayer may exhibit unnatural behavior and develop very different phenotypes and genotypes than in vivo, great efforts in materials chemistry have been devoted to reproducing in vitro behavior in in vivo cell microenvironments. This requires fine-tuning the biochemical and structural actors in synthetic ECMs. This review will present the fundamentals of the ECM, cover the chemical and structural features of the scaffolds used to generate ECM mimics, discuss the nature of the signaling biomolecules required and exploited to generate bioresponsive cell microenvironments able to induce a specific cell fate, and highlight the synthetic strategies involved in creating functional 3D ECM mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Nicolas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Galien Paris-Saclay, , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sofia Magli
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Linda Rabbachin
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Susanna Sampaolesi
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Nicotra
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
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8
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Mattes DS, Jung N, Weber LK, Bräse S, Breitling F. Miniaturized and Automated Synthesis of Biomolecules-Overview and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806656. [PMID: 31033052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis is performed by reacting different chemical building blocks with defined stoichiometry, while meeting additional conditions, such as temperature and reaction time. Such a procedure is especially suited for automation and miniaturization. Life sciences lead the way to synthesizing millions of different oligonucleotides in extremely miniaturized reaction sites, e.g., pinpointing active genes in whole genomes, while chemistry advances different types of automation. Recent progress in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) imaging could match miniaturized chemical synthesis with a powerful analytical tool to validate the outcome of many different synthesis pathways beyond applications in the life sciences. Thereby, due to the radical miniaturization of chemical synthesis, thousands of molecules can be synthesized. This in turn should allow ambitious research, e.g., finding novel synthesis routes or directly screening for photocatalysts. Herein, different technologies are discussed that might be involved in this endeavor. A special emphasis is given to the obstacles that need to be tackled when depositing tiny amounts of materials to many different extremely miniaturized reaction sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S Mattes
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nicole Jung
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura K Weber
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Breitling
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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9
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Abstract
Glycans have been selected by nature for both structural and 'recognition' purposes. Taking inspiration from nature, nanomedicine exploits glycans not only as structural constituents of nanoparticles and nanostructured biomaterials but also as selective interactors of such glyco-nanotools. Surface glycosylation of nanoparticles finds application in targeting specific cells, whereas recent findings give evidence that the glycan content of cell microenvironment is able to induce the cell fate. This review will highlight the role of glycans in nanomedicine, schematizing the different uses and roles in drug-delivery systems and in biomaterials for regenerative medicine.
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