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Shen Z, Mobarak H, Li W, Widmalm G, Yu B. Synthesis of β-(1→2)-Linked 6-Deoxy-l-altropyranose Oligosaccharides via Gold(I)-Catalyzed Glycosylation of an ortho-Hexynylbenzoate Donor. J Org Chem 2017; 82:3062-3071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Shen
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike
Road, Shanghai 201210, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hani Mobarak
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biao Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Garzetti D, Susen R, Fruth A, Tietze E, Heesemann J, Rakin A. A molecular scheme for Yersinia enterocolitica patho-serotyping derived from genome-wide analysis. Int J Med Microbiol 2013; 304:275-83. [PMID: 24246413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia enterocolitica is a food-borne, gastro-intestinal pathogen with world-wide distribution. Only 11 serotypes have been isolated from patients, with O:3, O:9, O:8 and O:5,27 being the serotypes most commonly associated with human yersiniosis. Serotype is an important characteristic of Y. enterocolitica strains, allowing differentiation for epidemiology, diagnosis and phylogeny studies. Conventional serotyping, performed by slide agglutination, is a tedious and laborious procedure whose interpretation tends to be subjective, leading to poor reproducibility. Here we present a PCR-based typing scheme for molecular identification and patho-serotyping of Y. enterocolitica. Genome-wide comparison of Y. enterocolitica sequences allowed analysis of the O-antigen gene clusters of different serotypes, uncovering their formerly unknown genomic locations, and selection of targets for serotype-specific amplification. Two multiplex PCRs and one additional PCR were designed and tested on various reference strains and isolates from different origins. Our genotypic assay proved to be highly specific for identification of Y. enterocolitica species, discrimination between virulent and non-virulent strains, distinguishing the main human-related serotypes, and typing of conventionally untypeable strains. This genotyping scheme could be applied in microbiology laboratories as an alternative or complementary method to the traditional phenotypic assays, providing data for epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Garzetti
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rosa Susen
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Fruth
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Division Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Erhard Tietze
- Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, Division Enteropathogenic Bacteria and Legionella, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and Other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Jürgen Heesemann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Rakin
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Kondakova AN, Bystrova OV, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Ivanov SA, Dentovskaya SV, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Anisimov AP. Structure of the O-antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:4a revised. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:531-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2008] [Revised: 12/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Kondakova AN, Bystrova OV, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Ivanov SA, Dentovskaya SV, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Anisimov AP. Structure of the O-polysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:2b. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:405-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Kondakova AN, Bystrova OV, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Ivanov SA, Dentovskaya SV, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Anisimov AP. Structure of the O-antigen of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:4b. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:152-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Kondakova AN, Bystrova OV, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Ivanov SA, Dentovskaya SV, Shashkov AS, Knirel YA, Anisimov AP. Reinvestigation of the O-antigens of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis: revision of the O2c and confirmation of the O3 antigen structures. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:2486-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 06/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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7
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Kondakova AN, Ho N, Bystrova OV, Shashkov AS, Lindner B, Creuzenet C, Knirel YA. Structural studies of the O-antigens of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:2a and mutants thereof with impaired 6-deoxy-d-manno-heptose biosynthesis pathway. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1383-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Mansoorabadi SO, Thibodeaux CJ, Liu HW. The diverse roles of flavin coenzymes--nature's most versatile thespians. J Org Chem 2007; 72:6329-42. [PMID: 17580897 PMCID: PMC2519020 DOI: 10.1021/jo0703092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavin coenzymes play a variety of roles in biological systems. This Perspective highlights the chemical versatility of flavins by reviewing research on five flavoenzymes that have been studied in our laboratory. Each of the enzymes discussed in this review [the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACDs), CDP-6-deoxy-l-threo-d-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase reductase (E3), CDP-4-aceto-3,6-dideoxygalactose synthase (YerE), UDP-galactopyranose mutase (UGM), and type II isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI-2)] utilizes flavin in a distinct role. In particular, the catalytic mechanisms of two of these enzymes, UGM and IDI-2, may involve novel flavin chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven O. Mansoorabadi
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Christopher J. Thibodeaux
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hung-wen Liu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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9
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de Leder Kremer RM, Gallo-Rodriguez C. Naturally occurring monosaccharides: properties and synthesis. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2005; 59:9-67. [PMID: 15607763 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2318(04)59002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M de Leder Kremer
- CIHIDECAR, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Feodorova VA, Samelija JG, Devdariani ZL. Heat-stable serogroup-specific proteins of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. J Med Microbiol 2003; 52:389-395. [PMID: 12721314 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.05036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of mAbs to the species- and serogroup-specific epitopes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serogroups I-VI was developed. These mAbs recognized linear sequential protein epitopes, as shown by ELISA and immunoblotting. Using the mAbs, Y. pseudotuberculosis was found to produce serogroup-specific proteins, whose synthesis was dependent on cultivation temperature. These proteins appeared to be parts of heat-stable O-antigens prepared by heating Y. pseudotuberculosis serogroups I-VI at 100 degrees C for 2 h, and are responsible for the protein serotype specificity of these bacteria. The high specificity of serogroup- or species-specific mAbs obtained in ELISA suggests that they may be effective for serotyping of Y. pseudotuberculosis strains or differentiation from other pathogenic yersiniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Feodorova
- Laboratory of Hybridomas, Russia State Antiplague Research Institute 'Microbe', Saratov, Russia
| | - J G Samelija
- Laboratory of Hybridomas, Russia State Antiplague Research Institute 'Microbe', Saratov, Russia
| | - Z L Devdariani
- Laboratory of Hybridomas, Russia State Antiplague Research Institute 'Microbe', Saratov, Russia
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11
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Hitchen PG, Prior JL, Oyston PCF, Panico M, Wren BW, Titball RW, Morris HR, Dell A. Structural characterization of lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) from Yersinia pestis: regulation of LOS structure by the PhoPQ system. Mol Microbiol 2002; 44:1637-50. [PMID: 12067350 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The two-component regulatory system PhoPQ has been shown to regulate the expression of virulence factors in a number of bacterial species. For one such virulence factor, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the PhoPQ system has been shown to regulate structural modifications in Salmonella enterica var Typhimurium. In Yersinia pestis, which expresses lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS), a PhoPQ regulatory system has been identified and an isogenic mutant constructed. To investigate potential modifications to LOS from Y. pestis, which to date has not been fully characterized, purified LOS from wild-type plague and the phoP defective mutant were analysed by mass spectrometry. Here we report the structural characterization of LOS from Y. pestis and the direct comparison of LOS from a phoP mutant. Structural modifications to lipid A, the host signalling portion of LOS, were not detected but analysis of the core revealed the expression of two distinct molecular species in wild-type LOS, differing in terminal galactose or heptose. The phoP mutant was restricted to the expression of a single molecular species, containing terminal heptose. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cationic antimicrobial peptides for the two strains was determined and compared with the wild-type: the phoP mutant was highly sensitive to polymyxin. Thus, LOS modification is under the control of the PhoPQ regulatory system and the ability to alter LOS structure may be required for survival of Y. pestis within the mammalian and/or flea host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Hitchen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wolfson Building, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AY, UK
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12
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Chen XM, Ploux O, Liu HW. Biosynthesis of 3,6-dideoxyhexoses: in vivo and in vitro evidence for protein-protein interaction between CDP-6-deoxy-L-threo-D-glycero-4-hexulose 3-dehydrase (E1) and its reductase (E3). Biochemistry 1996; 35:16412-20. [PMID: 8987972 DOI: 10.1021/bi961921i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CDP-6-deoxy-L-threo-D-glycero-4-hexulose 3-dehydrase (E1), together with its reductase (E3), catalyzes a novel deoxygenation reaction essential for the biosynthesis of 3,6-dideoxyhexoses. In an attempt to gain evidence substantiating the E1.E3 complex formation as a prerequisite for the C-3 deoxygenation activity, we have carried out experiments to study the interaction between these two proteins. The detection of a new species when a mixture of E1 and E3 was analyzed by size-exclusion chromatography was the initial indication supporting the proposed complex formation. Additional evidence for the expected complex formation was provided by the change of the CD spectrum of E1 upon its coupling with E3. The fact that the catalytic efficiency of this system is limited by the quantity of one enzyme, which becomes catalytically competent only after coupling with the second enzyme, further illustrated the importance of such a complex formation to the deoxygenation activity. By using the two-hybrid system which scores for interactions between two proteins coexpressed in yeast, the E1.E3 complex formation in vivo was also firmly established. These results, when considered with the incompatibility of other electron transfer proteins as replacements for E3 in this electron relay, nicely demonstrated the specificity of the E1-E3 recognition. The apparent dissociation constant of the E1.E3 complex formed in rapid equilibrium was estimated to be 288 +/- 22 nM from the correlation between the initial rate of the overall reaction and the concentration of one protein component, and the stoichiometry between E3 and E1 of this complex was deduced as 1.7. Interestingly, while the conformation of the E1.E3 complex was sensitive to the salt concentration in the buffer, the decrease in the catalytic activity at high ionic strength was most likely due to the retardation of the electron transfer mediated by E3. In conjunction with early mechanistic studies, the present data establish the significance of the E1.E3 complex formation for catalysis and, consequently, corroborate the mechanism proposed for the overall deoxygenation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455, USA
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14
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Gassner GT, Johnson DA, Liu HW, Ballou DP. Kinetics of the reductive half-reaction of the iron-sulfur flavoenzyme CDP-6-deoxy-L-threo-D-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase reductase. Biochemistry 1996; 35:7752-61. [PMID: 8672475 DOI: 10.1021/bi960217z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose to CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose is a key step in biosynthesis of ascarylose, the terminal dideoxyhexose of the O-antigen tetrasaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis V. This transformation is catalyzed by two enzymes: CDP-6-deoxy-L-threo-D-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase (E1), which contains a pyridoxamine and a [2Fe-2S] center, and an NADH-dependent CDP-6-deoxy-L-threo-D-glycero-4-hexulose-3-dehydrase reductase (E3), which contains both an FAD and a [2Fe-2S] center. E1 reacts to form a Schiff base with CDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose and catalyzes the elimination of the hydroxyl at position 3 of the glucose moiety, resulting in the formation of a covalently bound CDP-6-deoxy-delta(3,4)-glucoseen intermediate. E3 transfers electrons from NADH to E1, which uses these to reduce the delta(3,4)-glucoseen bond to produce CDP-4-keto-3,6-dideoxy-D-glucose. In this work, we have investigated the reductive half-reaction of E3 using both single wavelength and diode array stopped flow absorbance spectroscopy. We find that NADH binds to both oxidized (Kd = 52.5 +/- 2 microM) and two-electron-reduced (Kd = 12.1 +/- 1 microM) forms of E3. Hydride transfer from NADH to the FAD moiety occurs at 107.5 +/- 3 s-1 and exhibits a 10-fold deuterium isotope effect when (4R)-[2H]NADH is substituted for NADH. Following the hydride transfer reaction, NAD+ is released at 42.5 +/- 1 s-1 and electron transfer from the reduced FAD to the [2Fe-2S] center occurs rapidly. The extent of the intramolecular electron transfer reaction is pH-dependent with a pKa of 7.3 +/- 0.1, which may represent the ionization state of the N-1 position of the FAD hydroquinone of E3. Finally, E3 is converted to the three-electron-reduced state in a slow disproportionation reaction that consumes NADH: The [2Fe-2S] center of E3 was selectively disassembled by titration with mersalyl to give E3(apoFeS). The properties of this form of the enzyme are compared to those of the holoenzyme. Similarities and differences of the reductive half-reactions of E3 and related iron-sulfur flavoenzymes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Gassner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-0606, USA
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15
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Kraehenbuehl K, Vogel P. Stereoselective syntheses of branched-chain carbohydrates bearing furan and pyrrole moieties. Tetrahedron Lett 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01849-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Gorshkova RP, Isakov VV, Kalmykova EN, Ovodov YS. Structural studies of O-specific polysaccharide chains of the lipopolysaccharide from Yersinia enterocolitica serovar O:10. Carbohydr Res 1995; 268:249-55. [PMID: 7537629 DOI: 10.1016/0008-6215(94)00339-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was isolated from Yersinia enterocolitica serovars O:10 and O:10 KL and the structural pattern of O-specific sugar chains elucidated. The rhamnan and L-xylulose (L-threo-pent-2-ulose) as constituents of the O-specific polysaccharide were obtained by autohydrolysis of the LPS. The rhamnan was shown to be a linear, alpha-(1-->3)-linked polysaccharide in the D configuration. L-Xylulose was purified using paper chromatography on a preparative scale and its structure was confirmed by 13C NMR spectroscopy. Using sugar and methylation analysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy of the LPS and the rhamnan, the structural features of the disaccharide repeating unit of the Y. enterocolitica O:10 O-specific polysaccharide were elucidated as: [formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Gorshkova
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok
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Radziejewska-Lebrecht J, Shashkov AS, Stroobant V, Wartenberg K, Warth C, Mayer H. The inner core region of Yersinia enterocolitica Ye75R (0:3) lipopolysaccharide. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1994; 221:343-51. [PMID: 8168522 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18746.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The inner-core region of the lipopolysaccharide of an UDPGalNAc-4-epimerase-deficient mutant of Yersinia enterocolitica 0:3, designated as Ye75R, was investigated using methylation analysis, 1D-13C-NMR and 2D-13C-NMR and 1H-NMR, as well as 31P-NMR, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB MS) and FAB MS/MS in positive and negative modes. The isolated core heptasaccharide (OS) was composed of 2 units D-glucose, 3 units LD-heptose and 1 unit each of DD-heptose and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid. Methylation analysis indicated that OS was highly branched with terminal location of the two glucoses and the DD-heptose unit, which was partially (to about 40%) phosphorylated at C7. These combined studies allowed us to formulate the structure of the inner core region as shown in Scheme 1. The substitution of the 7-position of the terminally linked DD-heptose unit by phosphate could be recognized by MS characterization of permethylated DD-heptose-7-phosphate (alditol acetate) and the extent of the substitution by the ratio of the two well separated 1H signals of DD-heptose in 500-MHz 1H-NMR. Negative FAB MS of OS also indicated the presence of smaller amounts of two hexasaccharides, differing from OS in lacking either one terminal unit of D-glucose or of the terminal DD-heptose, and additionally of a pentasaccharide lacking two heptosyl units, namely the terminal DD-heptose and and the subterminal LD-heptose. The presence of the smaller oligosaccharides in the OS fraction was also recognized by the methylation analysis.
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