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Vadhadiya PM, Jean MA, Bouzriba C, Tremblay T, Lagüe P, Fortin S, Boukouvalas J, Giguère D. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Diol-Based Peptidomimetics as Potential HIV Protease Inhibitors and Antitumor Agents. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1779-1791. [PMID: 29858881 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Peptidomimetic HIV protease inhibitors are an important class of drugs used in the treatment of AIDS. The synthesis of a new type of diol-based peptidomimetics is described. Our route is flexible, uses d-glucal as an inexpensive starting material, and makes minimal use of protection/deprotection cycles. Binding affinities from molecular docking simulations suggest that these compounds are potential inhibitors of HIV protease. Moreover, the antiproliferative activities of compounds 33 a, 35 a, and 35 b on HT-29, M21, and MCF7 cancer cell lines are in the low micromolar range. The results provide a platform that could facilitate the development of medically relevant asymmetrical diol-based peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh M Vadhadiya
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval-RQRM, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marc-Alexandre Jean
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval-RQRM, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Chahrazed Bouzriba
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Tremblay
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval-RQRM, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Lagüe
- Départment de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-Informatique, Université Laval, 1045, Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Fortin
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Oncology Division, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC, G1L 3L5, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - John Boukouvalas
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval-RQRM, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval-RQRM, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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Markgren PO, Schaal W, Hämäläinen M, Karlén A, Hallberg A, Samuelsson B, Danielson UH. Relationships between structure and interaction kinetics for HIV-1 protease inhibitors. J Med Chem 2002; 45:5430-9. [PMID: 12459011 DOI: 10.1021/jm0208370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between HIV-1 protease and 58 structurally diverse transition-state analogue inhibitors has been analyzed by a surface plasmon resonance based biosensor. Association and dissociation rate constants and affinities were determined and displayed as k(on)-k(off)-K(D) maps. It was shown that different classes of inhibitors fall into distinct clusters in these maps. Significant changes in association and dissociation rates were found as a result of modifying the P1/P1' or P2/P2' side chains of a linear lead compound. Similarly, cyclic urea and cyclic sulfamide inhibitors displayed different kinetic features and the affinities of both classes of cyclic compounds were limited by fast dissociation rates. These results confirm that association and dissociation rates are important features of drug-target interactions and indicate that optimization of inhibitor efficacy may be guided by aiming for high association and low dissociation rates rather than high affinity alone. The present approach thus provides a new tool for structure-interaction kinetic analysis and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Olof Markgren
- Department of Biochemistry, Uppsala University, BMC, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Hämäläinen MD, Markgren PO, Schaal W, Karlén A, Classon B, Vrang L, Samuelsson B, Hallberg A, Danielson UH. Characterization of a set of HIV-1 protease inhibitors using binding kinetics data from a biosensor-based screen. JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR SCREENING 2000; 5:353-60. [PMID: 11080694 DOI: 10.1177/108705710000500507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between 290 structurally diverse human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitors and the immobilized enzyme was analyzed with an optical biosensor. Although only a single concentration of inhibitor was used, information about the kinetics of the interaction could be obtained by extracting binding signals at discrete time points. The statistical correlation between the biosensor binding data, inhibition of enzyme activity (K(i)), and viral replication (EC(50)) revealed that the association and dissociation rates for the interaction could be resolved and that they were characteristic for the compounds. The most potent inhibitors, with respect to K(i) and EC(50) values, including the clinically used drugs, all exhibited fast association and slow dissociation rates. Selective or partially selective binders for HIV-1 protease could be distinguished from compounds that showed a general protein-binding tendency by using three reference target proteins. This biosensor-based direct binding assay revealed a capacity to efficiently provide high-resolution information on the interaction kinetics and specificity of the interaction of a set of compounds with several targets simultaneously.
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Alterman M, Björsne M, Mühlman A, Classon B, Kvarnström I, Danielson H, Markgren PO, Nillroth U, Unge T, Hallberg A, Samuelsson B. Design and synthesis of new potent C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors. Use of L-mannaric acid as a peptidomimetic scaffold. J Med Chem 1998; 41:3782-92. [PMID: 9748353 DOI: 10.1021/jm970777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A study on the use of derivatized carbohydrates as C2-symmetric HIV-1 protease inhibitors has been undertaken. L-Mannaric acid (6) was bis-O-benzylated at C-2 and C-5 and subsequently coupled with amino acids and amines to give C2-symmetric products based on C-terminal duplication. Potent HIV protease inhibitors, 28 Ki = 0.4 nM and 43 Ki = 0.2 nM, have been discovered, and two synthetic methodologies have been developed, one whereby these inhibitors can be prepared in just three chemical steps from commercially available materials. A remarkable increase in potency going from IC50 = 5000 nM (23) to IC50 = 15 nM (28) was observed upon exchanging -COOMe for -CONHMe in the inhibitor, resulting in the net addition of one hydrogen bond interaction between each of the two -NH- groups and the HIV protease backbone (Gly 48/148). The X-ray crystal structures of 43 and of 48 have been determined (Figures 5 and 6), revealing the binding mode of these inhibitors which will aid further design.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alterman
- Department of Chemistry, Linköping University, S-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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