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Zarkin AK, Elkins PD, Gilbert A, Jester TL, Seltzman HH. Synthesis of 13 C-labeled 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-[ 13 C 5 ] ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:820-825. [PMID: 29902835 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-[13 C5 ] ribofuranosyl 5'-monophosphate ([13 C5 ribose] AICAR-PO3 H2 ) (6) has been synthesized from [13 C5 ]adenosine. Incorporation of the mass-label into [13 C5 ribose] AICAR-PO3 H2 provides a useful standard to aid in metabolite identification and quantification in monitoring metabolic pathways. A synthetic route to the 13 C-labeled compound has not been previously reported. Our method employs a hybrid enzymatic, and chemical synthesis approach that applies an enzymatic conversion from adenosine to inosine followed by a ring-cleavage of the protected inosine. A direct phosphorylation of the resulting 2',3'-isopropylidine acadesine (5) was developed to yield the title compound in 99% purity following ion exchange chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Gilbert
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, NC, United States
| | - Teresa L Jester
- Center for Drug Discovery, RTI International, NC, United States
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Miller DV, Rauch BJ, Harich K, Xu H, Perona JJ, White RH. Promiscuity of methionine salvage pathway enzymes in Methanocaldococcus jannaschii. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2018; 164:969-981. [PMID: 29877790 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The methionine salvage pathway (MSP) is critical for regeneration of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), a widely used cofactor involved in many essential metabolic reactions. The MSP has been completely elucidated in aerobic organisms, and found to rely on molecular oxygen. Since anaerobic organisms do not use O2, an alternative pathway(s) must be operating. We sought to evaluate whether the functions of two annotated MSP enzymes from Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a methylthioinosine phosphorylase (MTIP) and a methylthioribose 1-phosphate isomerase (MTRI), are consistent with functioning in a modified anaerobic MSP (AnMSP). We show here that recombinant MTIP is active with six different purine nucleosides, consistent with its function as a general purine nucleoside phosphorylase for both AnMSP and purine salvage. Recombinant MTRI is active with both 5-methylthioribose 1-phosphate and 5-deoxyribose 1-phosphate as substrates, which are generated from phosphororolysis of 5'-methylthioinosine and 5'-deoxyinosine by MTIP, respectively. Together, these data suggest that MTIP and MTRI may function in a novel pathway for recycling the 5'-deoxyadenosine moiety of SAM in M. jannaschii. These enzymes may also enable biosynthesis of 6-deoxy-5-ketofructose 1-phosphate (DKFP), an essential intermediate in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. Finally, we utilized a homocysteine auxotrophic strain of Methanosarcina acetivorans Δma1821-22Δoahs (HcyAux) to identify potential AnMSP intermediates in vivo. Growth recovery experiments of the M. acetivorans HcyAux were performed with known and proposed intermediates for the AnMSP. Only one metabolite, 2-keto-(4-methylthio)butyric acid, rescued growth of M. acetivorans HcyAux in the absence of homocysteine. This observation may indicate that AnMSP pathways substantially differ among methanogens from phylogenetically divergent genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V Miller
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.,Present address: Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin J Rauch
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.,Present address: Zymergen, Inc., 1650 65th Street, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA
| | - Kim Harich
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Huimin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - John J Perona
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Robert H White
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Gurjar MK, Mondal D, Ravindranadh SV, Chorghade MS. Clay‐Mediated Selective Hydrolysis of 5′‐O‐Acetyl‐2′,3′‐isopropylidene/Cyclohexylidene Nucleosides. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910600639968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Van Calenbergh S, Link A, Fujikawa S, de Ligt RAF, Vanheusden V, Golisade A, Blaton NM, Rozenski J, IJzerman AP, Herdewijn P. 5'-Deoxy congeners of 9-(3-amido-3-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenine: new adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists and inverse agonists. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1845-52. [PMID: 11960496 DOI: 10.1021/jm0110439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and structure-activity relationship of N(6)-cyclopentyl-3'-substituted-xylofuranosyladenosine analogues with respect to various adenosine receptors were explored in order to identify selective and potent antagonists and inverse agonists for the adenosine A(1) receptor. In particular, the effects of removal of the 5'-OH group and introduction of selected substituents at the 3'-NH(2) position of 9-(3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-xylofuranosyl)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenine were probed. A solid phase-assisted synthetic approach was used to optimize the 3'-amide functionality. In view of the general concern of the presence of a 5'-OH moiety with regard to cellular toxicity, the present study describes 5'-deoxy compounds with reasonable affinity for the human adenosine A(1) receptor. Interestingly, this study shows that optimization of the 3'-"up" amide substituent can substantially compensate for the drop in affinity for the adenosine A(1) receptor, which is generally observed upon removal of the 5'-OH group. The fact that for several 3'-amido-substituted (5'-deoxy)-N(6)-cyclopentyladenosine derivatives, guanosine 5'-triphosphate-induced shifts in K(i) values were significantly lower than 1 implies that these analogues behave as inverse agonists. This is further supported by their 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine-like capacity to increase forskolin-induced adenosine cyclic 3',5'-phosphate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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