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Jiang S, Ma W, Ma C, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhang J. An emerging strategy: probiotics enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy via mediating the gut microbiome. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341717. [PMID: 38717360 PMCID: PMC11085971 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of tumors are often accompanied by disruptions in the gut microbiota. Inversely, the impact of the gut microbiota on the initiation and progression of cancer is becoming increasingly evident, influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) for both local and distant tumors. Moreover, it is even suggested to play a significant role in the process of tumor immunotherapy, contributing to high specificity in therapeutic outcomes and long-term effectiveness across various cancer types. Probiotics, with their generally positive influence on the gut microbiota, may serve as effective agents in synergizing cancer immunotherapy. They play a crucial role in activating the immune system to inhibit tumor growth. In summary, this comprehensive review aims to provide valuable insights into the dynamic interactions between probiotics, gut microbiota, and cancer. Furthermore, we highlight recent advances and mechanisms in using probiotics to improve the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. By understanding these complex relationships, we may unlock innovative approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment while optimizing the effects of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiming Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Wenyao Ma
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Chenchen Ma
- Department of Human Cell Biology and Genetics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Zeng Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Wanli Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
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Aitmanaitė L, Širmonaitis K, Russo G. Microbiomes, Their Function, and Cancer: How Metatranscriptomics Can Close the Knowledge Gap. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13786. [PMID: 37762088 PMCID: PMC10531294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the microbial communities in the human body and the onset and progression of cancer has not been investigated until recently. The vast majority of the metagenomics research in this area has concentrated on the composition of microbiomes, attempting to link the overabundance or depletion of certain microorganisms to cancer proliferation, metastatic behaviour, and its resistance to therapies. However, studies elucidating the functional implications of the microbiome activity in cancer patients are still scarce; in particular, there is an overwhelming lack of studies assessing such implications directly, through analysis of the transcriptome of the bacterial community. This review summarises the contributions of metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to the knowledge of the microbial environment associated with several cancers; most importantly, it highlights all the advantages that metatranscriptomics has over metagenomics and suggests how such an approach can be leveraged to advance the knowledge of the cancer bacterial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giancarlo Russo
- EMBL Partnership Institute for Gene Editing, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (L.A.); (K.Š.)
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Han W, Wang N, Han M, Liu X, Sun T, Xu J. Identification of microbial markers associated with lung cancer based on multi-cohort 16 s rRNA analyses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2023; 12:19301-19319. [PMID: 37676050 PMCID: PMC10557844 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between commensal microbiota and lung cancer (LC) has been studied extensively. However, developing replicable microbiological markers for early LC diagnosis across multiple populations has remained challenging. Current studies are limited to a single region, single LC subtype, and small sample size. Therefore, we aimed to perform the first large-scale meta-analysis for identifying micro biomarkers for LC screening by integrating gut and respiratory samples from multiple studies and building a machine-learning classifier. METHODS In total, 712 gut and 393 respiratory samples were assessed via 16 s rRNA amplicon sequencing. After identifying the taxa of differential biomarkers, we established random forest models to distinguish between LC populations and normal controls. We validated the robustness and specificity of the model using external cohorts. Moreover, we also used the KEGG database for the predictive analysis of colony-related functions. RESULTS The α and β diversity indices indicated that LC patients' gut microbiota (GM) and lung microbiota (LM) differed significantly from those of the healthy population. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) of effect size (LEfSe) helped us identify the top-ranked biomarkers, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, and Escherichia, in two microbial niches. The area under the curve values of the diagnostic model for the two sites were 0.81 and 0.90, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis also revealed significant differences in microbiota-associated functions between cancer-affected and healthy individuals that were primarily associated with metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSIONS GM and LM profiles were significantly altered in LC patients, compared to healthy individuals. We identified the taxa of biomarkers at the two loci and constructed accurate diagnostic models. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of LC-specific microbiological markers in multiple populations and contributes to the early diagnosis and screening of LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Na Wang
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Mengzhen Han
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Liaoning Kanghui Biotechnology Co., LtdShenyangChina
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Key Laboratory of Liaoning Breast Cancer ResearchShenyangChina
- Department of Breast MedicineCancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
| | - Junnan Xu
- Department of Breast Medicine 1Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of PharmacologyCancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
- Department of Breast MedicineCancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer HospitalShenyangChina
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Sun Y, Wang L, Han D, Li J, Liu Y, Tan Y, Pan Z, Yang R, Qu P, Wang Z, Bi Y. Curtanaerobium respiraculi gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from human bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73. [PMID: 37184922 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Two related anaerobic strains, designated as SWB101512T and SWB19611, were isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of two lung cancer patients. Cells were Gram-stain-positive, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth could be observed at 26-45 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0.5-2.0 % (v/w) NaCl (optimum, 1.0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of SWB101512T and SWB19611 showed the highest similarities to Denitrobacterium detoxificans DSM 21843T (91.1 and 91.3 %, respectively). The phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the core genome sequences demonstrated that the two strains clustered together and formed a distinct lineage within the family Eggerthellaceae. The DNA G+C contents of strains SWB101512T and SWB19611 were 62.0 and 61.9 mol%, respectively. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strains SWB101512T and SWB19611 were C16 : 0 DMA (27.8 and 28.8 %, respectively). The respiratory menaquinone in both strains was menaquinone 6 and the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two phospholipids, three glycolipids and three unidentified lipids. Based on evidence from phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic analyses, a new genus and species belonging to the family Eggerthellaceae, named Curtanaerobium respiraculi gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SWB101512T (=GDMCC 1.2991T=JCM 35330T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Likun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Dexing Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianjie Li
- Department of Thoracic Foncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yuejiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Yafang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Ruifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
| | - Pinghua Qu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Ziping Wang
- Department of Thoracic Foncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100142, PR China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, PR China
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Zheng X, Lu X, Hu Y. Distinct respiratory microbiota associates with lung cancer clinicopathological characteristics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:847182. [PMID: 36816941 PMCID: PMC9932187 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.847182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Commensal microbiota dysbiosis is associated with the development of lung cancer. The current studies about composition of respiratory microbiota in lung cancer patients yielded inconsistent results. This study aimed to examine the association between airway microbiota and lung cancer clinicopathological characteristics. Methods Surgically removed lesion tissues from 75 non-small cell lung cancer patients and 7 patients with benign pulmonary diseases were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Taxonomy, relative abundance, and diversity of respiratory microbiota were compared among lung cancer of different pathology and TNM stages. The effects of antibiotic and cigarette exposure on respiratory microbiota in lung cancer patients were also evaluated. Results Bacterial relative abundance and alpha- and beta-diversity analysis of lung microbiota showed significant differences among lung cancer of different pathology and benign pulmonary diseases. At the genus level, the abundance differences of 13 taxa between lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma, 63 taxa between lung squamous cell carcinoma and benign pulmonary diseases, and 4 taxa between lung adenocarcinoma and benign pulmonary diseases reached statistical significance. In contrast, diversity differences were not as significant across lung cancer of different stages. No significant differences were observed in tissue taxonomic abundances and diversity at all taxonomic levels between lung cancer patients with and without antibiotic exposure 3 months prior to surgery. For lung adenocarcinoma, respiratory bacterial abundance and diversity at all taxonomic levels did not show significant differences between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions Our results confirm significantly differential respiratory microbiome taxa, abundance, and diversity in lung cancer of different pathology and some stages. Short-term antibiotic application might play a minor role in molding airway microbiota in lung cancer patients. Composition and diversity of respiratory microbiota in lung adenocarcinoma are not affected by cigarette exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zheng
- Lung Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingbing Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Thoracic surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yang Hu,
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Birla P, Shaikh FY. De- "bug"-ing the microbiome in lung cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:335-346. [PMID: 35588337 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The identification of microbes enriched in the healthy lung has led to the compelling discovery that microbes may contribute to lung cancer pathogenesis. Here, we review the recent literature showing microbial associations with lung cancer as well as the functional features that have been identified in human and murine studies. Most biomarker data remain limited due to variable findings. However, multiple studies have found that lung tumors or ipsilateral airway samples have decreased α diversity compared to normal tissue. Specific genera, such as Veillonella and Streptococcus, were also found in association with lung tumors using multiple sampling methodologies. These microbes, which are generally found in the upper respiratory track, are associated with an IL-17 signature in the lung, potentially resulting in a pro-tumorigenic environment. Studies detailing these immune mechanisms are limited, and further investigation is necessary to delineate how these bacteria, their metabolites, and potentially tumor-associated neoantigens modulate the immune response in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakhi Birla
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street CRB1 Bldg, Suite 4M 441, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Fyza Y Shaikh
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street CRB1 Bldg, Suite 4M 441, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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Smoking has disruptive effects on the small bowel luminal microbiome. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6231. [PMID: 35422064 PMCID: PMC9010470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10132-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of cancer, and affects the respiratory, oral, fecal, and duodenal mucosa-associated microbiota. However, the effects of smoking on the duodenal luminal microbiome have not been studied directly. We aimed to compare the duodenal luminal microbiome in never-smokers, current smokers, and ex-smokers who quit ≥ 10 years ago. In a cross-sectional study, current smokers (CS, n = 24) were identified and matched to never-smokers (NS, n = 27) and ex-smokers (XS, n = 27) by age (± 5 years), body mass index (BMI, ± 3 kg/m2), and sex. Current antibiotic users were excluded. The duodenal luminal microbiome was analysed in 1 aspirate sample per subject by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Relative abundances (RA) of families associated with increased duodenal microbial diversity, Prevotellaceae, Neisseriaceae, and Porphyromonadaceae, were significantly lower in CS vs. NS. This was driven by lower RA of unknown Prevotella and Porphyromonas species, and Neisseria subflava and N. cinerea, in CS. In contrast, RA of Enterobacteriaceae and Lactobacillaceae (associated with decreased diversity), were significantly higher in CS, due to higher RA of Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella and Lactobacillus species. Many of these changes were absent or less pronounced in XS, who exhibited a duodenal luminal microbiome more similar to NS. RA of taxa previously found to be increased in the oral and respiratory microbiota of smokers were also higher in the duodenal luminal microbiome, including Bulledia extructa and an unknown Filifactor species. In conclusion, smoking is associated with an altered duodenal luminal microbiome. However, ex-smokers have a duodenal luminal microbiome that is similar to never-smokers.
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Wang MC, Wu YF, Yu WY, Yu B, Ying HZ. Polyacetylenes from Codonopsis lanceolata Root Induced Apoptosis of Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and Improved Lung Dysbiosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7713355. [PMID: 35224100 PMCID: PMC8881130 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7713355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Codonopsis lanceolata is a perennial smelly herbaceous plant and widely employed for the treatment of various lung cancer and inflammation. However, the anticancer substances in C. lanceolata and their underlying mechanisms had not been well clarified. In this study, six compounds were obtained from the water extracts of C. lanceolata polyacetylenes (CLP) and then identified as syringin, codonopilodiynoside A, lobetyol, isolariciresinol, lobetyolin, and atractylenolide III. Treatment with CLP remarkably suppressed the cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of A549 cells. Synergistic effects of lobetyolin and lobetyol were equivalent to the antiproliferative activities of CLP, while other compounds did not have any inhibition on the viabilities of A549 cells. CLP also reduced the expression of Ras, PI3K, p-AKT, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, and CDK4 but increased the expression of Bax, GSK-3β, clv-caspase-3, and clv-caspase-9, which could be reversed by the PI3K activator 740YP. Furthermore, CLP retarded the growths of tumor and lung pathogenic bacteria in mice. It demonstrated that lobetyolin and lobetyol were the main antitumor compounds in C. lanceolata. CLP induced cell apoptosis of lung cancer cells via inactivation of the Ras/PI3K/AKT pathway and ameliorated lung dysbiosis, suggesting the therapeutic potentials for treating human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Chuan Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Yu-Fang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wen-Ying Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Bing Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Hua-Zhong Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Experimental Animal and Safety Evaluation, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences (Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou 310013, China
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Guo H, Zhao L, Zhu J, Chen P, Wang H, Jiang M, Liu X, Sun H, Zhao W, Zheng Z, Li W, Chen B, Fang Q, Yang M, He Y, Yang Y. Microbes in lung cancer initiation, treatment, and outcome: Boon or bane? Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:1190-1206. [PMID: 34029741 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the top reason for cancer-related deaths worldwide. The 5-year overall survival rate of lung cancer is approximately 20 % due to the delayed diagnosis and low response rate to regular treatments. Microbiota, both host-microbiota and alien pathogenic microbiota, have been investigated to be involved in a complicated and contradictory relationship with lung cancer initiation, treatments, and prognosis. Disorders of certain host-microbiota and pathogen infection are associated with the risk of lung cancers based on epidemiological evidence, and antibiotics (ATBs) could dramatically impair anti-cancer treatment efficacy, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Moreover, probiotics and microbe-mediated drugs are potential approaches to enhance regular anti-tumor treatments. Therefore, the knowledge of the complex dual effect of microbes on lung cancer is beneficial to take their essence and remove their dross. This review offers insight into the current trends and advancements in microbiota or microbial components related to lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyue Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Lishu Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Peixin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Zheng
- Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, No 507 Zhengmin Road, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China; Tongji University, No 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, People's Republic of China.
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Zelante T, Costantini C, Romani L. Microbiome-mediated regulation of anti-fungal immunity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2020; 58:8-14. [PMID: 32544798 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Anti-fungal immunity is characterized by the continuous interplay between immune activation and immune regulation processes. These processes have now been clearly shown not only in animal pre-clinical models but also in humans. To create and maintain this immune homeostasis, reciprocal interactions among the host immune system, fungal pathogens, and the microbiome are crucial. Notably, the microbiome exerts multiple direct and indirect antifungal effects that are particularly aimed at minimizing host tissue damage. Thus, in this microbiome era, the architecture of 3D culture system or 'tissue organoids' might finally represent a simple but effective in vitro 'holobiont' to unravel the diverse interactions and adaptations that evolve to overcome fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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Dissimilarity of Airway and Lung Tissue Microbiota in Smokers undergoing Surgery for Lung Cancer. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060794. [PMID: 32466482 PMCID: PMC7355471 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human airways are continuously colonized by microaspiration of microbiota. Less is known about the presence, origin and composition of microbiota in the lung parenchyma. In a study of 13 patients undergoing surgery for peripheral lung cancer microbiota composition was comparatively evaluated in upper airway, lower airway and lung tissue samples using 16S rDNA analysis. Bacterial density decreased stepwise from upper to lower airways and tissue. On a taxonomic level upper and lower airway microbiota were similar whereas lung tissue showed marked dissimilarities compared to lower airways that may reflect different environmental conditions shaping local microbiota and host immunity.
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