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Babaeenezhad E, Abdolvahabi Z, Asgharzadeh S, Abdollahi M, Shakeri S, Moradi Sarabi M, Yarahmadi S. Potential function of microRNA miRNA-206 in breast cancer pathogenesis: Mechanistic aspects and clinical implications. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155454. [PMID: 39002434 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem that affects women worldwide. Growing evidence has highlighted the role of miRNA-206 in BC pathogenesis. Changes in its expression have diagnostic and prognostic potential as they are associated with clinicopathological parameters, including lymph node metastasis, overall survival, tumor size, metastatic stage, resistance to chemotherapy, and recurrence. In the present study, we summarized, assessed, and discussed the most recent understanding of the functions of miRNA-206 in BC. Unexpectedly, miRNA-206 was found to control both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive pathways. We also considered corresponding downstream effects and upstream regulators. Finally, we addressed the diagnostic and prognostic value of miRNA-206 and its potential for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Babaeenezhad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Abdolvahabi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sahar Asgharzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Masume Abdollahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Sara Shakeri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Mostafa Moradi Sarabi
- Hepatities Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Sahar Yarahmadi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
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Stravodimou A, Voutsadakis IA. Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers: from chemotherapy to hormonal therapy, CDK inhibitors, and beyond. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:117-135. [PMID: 38475990 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2330601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy has been traditionally used as neo-adjuvant therapy in breast cancer for down-staging of locally advanced disease in all sub-types. In the adjuvant setting, genomic assays have shown that a significant proportion of ER positive/HER2 negative patients do not derive benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant endocrine therapy. An interest in hormonal treatments as neo-adjuvant therapies in ER positive/HER2 negative cancers has been borne by their documented success in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, cytotoxic chemotherapy is less effective in ER positive/HER2 negative disease compared with other breast cancer subtypes in obtaining pathologic complete responses. AREAS COVERED Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers and associated biomarkers are reviewed, using a Medline survey. A focus of discussion is the prediction of patients that are unlikely to derive extra benefit from chemotherapy and have the highest probabilities of benefiting from hormonal and other targeted therapies. EXPERT OPINION Predictive biomarkers of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapies are instrumental for selecting ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancer patients for each treatment. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for many of those patients requiring neo-adjuvant treatment, but other neo-adjuvant therapies are increasingly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Stravodimou
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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Cossu C, Di Lorenzo A, Fiorilla I, Todesco AM, Audrito V, Conti L. The Role of the Toll-like Receptor 2 and the cGAS-STING Pathways in Breast Cancer: Friends or Foes? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:456. [PMID: 38203626 PMCID: PMC10778705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands as a primary malignancy among women, ranking second in global cancer-related deaths. Despite treatment advancements, many patients progress to metastatic stages, posing a significant therapeutic challenge. Current therapies primarily target cancer cells, overlooking their intricate interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME) that fuel progression and treatment resistance. Dysregulated innate immunity in breast cancer triggers chronic inflammation, fostering cancer development and therapy resistance. Innate immune pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have emerged as crucial regulators of the immune response as well as of several immune-mediated or cancer cell-intrinsic mechanisms that either inhibit or promote tumor progression. In particular, several studies showed that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathways play a central role in breast cancer progression. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the role of TLR2 and STING in breast cancer, and we explore the potential to target these PRRs for drug development. This information will significantly impact the scientific discussion on the use of PRR agonists or inhibitors in cancer therapy, opening up new and promising avenues for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cossu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Antonino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
| | - Irene Fiorilla
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Alberto Maria Todesco
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Valentina Audrito
- Department of Science and Technological Innovation (DISIT), University of Eastern Piedmont, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (I.F.); (A.M.T.); (V.A.)
| | - Laura Conti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences–Molecular Biotechnology Center “Guido Tarone”, University of Turin, Piazza Nizza 44, 10126 Turin, Italy; (C.C.); (A.D.L.)
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Oza VH, Fisher JL, Darji R, Lasseigne BN. CINmetrics: an R package for analyzing copy number aberrations as a measure of chromosomal instability. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15244. [PMID: 37123011 PMCID: PMC10143595 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability is an important hallmark of cancer and more recently has been identified in others like neurodegenrative diseases. Chromosomal instability, as a measure of genomic instability, has been used to characterize clinical and biological phenotypes associated with these diseases by measuring structural and numerical chromosomal alterations. There have been multiple chromosomal instability scores developed across many studies in the literature; however, these scores have not been compared because of the lack of a single tool available to calculate and facilitate these various metrics. Here, we provide an R package CINmetrics, that calculates six different chromosomal instability scores and allows direct comparison between them. We also demonstrate how these scores differ by applying CINmetrics to breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The package is available on CRAN at https://cran.rproject.org/package=CINmetrics and on GitHub at https://github.com/lasseignelab/CINmetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal H. Oza
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Fisher
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Roshan Darji
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, United States of America
| | - Brittany N. Lasseigne
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama - Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
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High Mutation Burden in ER-Positive/HER2-Negative/Luminal Breast Cancers. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061605. [PMID: 35329928 PMCID: PMC8953761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) is arising as a useful marker of checkpoint inhibitors’ effectiveness in cancer patients in general and has been proposed as predictive in breast cancers. Despite the initial success of checkpoint inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancers are less amenable to immunotherapy treatments due to the lower immunogenicity of this subset, associated with lower TMB and less pronounced inflammatory cell infiltration. However, a minority of ER-positive breast cancers do have a higher TMB and could be targets of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Methods: This investigation uses publicly available genomic data to examine ER-positive/HER2-negative or luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers and compare them with cancers of the same subtype and low mutation numbers. Clinical characteristics and molecular correlates according to mutation numbers are described. Results: ER-positive/HER2-negative and luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers have a higher prevalence of PIK3CA mutations and in some of the series examined mutations in TP53 and CDH1. A significant proportion of cancers with high mutation numbers carry mutations in microsatellite instability genes and genes involved in DNA damage response. Despite these differences, the prognosis of ER-positive/HER2-negative and luminal breast cancers with high mutation numbers is not significantly different compared to counterparts with lower mutation counts. Conclusions: These data may inform the potential suitability of these cancers for immunotherapy and could guide the development of rational combination therapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors with other targeted drugs.
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Shishido SN, Masson R, Xu L, Welter L, Prabakar RK, D' Souza A, Spicer D, Kang I, Jayachandran P, Hicks J, Lu J, Kuhn P. Disease characterization in liquid biopsy from HER2-mutated, non-amplified metastatic breast cancer patients treated with neratinib. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:22. [PMID: 35181666 PMCID: PMC8857263 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients have a high risk of progression and face poor prognosis overall, with about one third (34%) surviving five years or more. In rare instances (2-4% of cases) patients with mBC have ERBB2 (HER2) activating mutations but are ERBB2 non-amplified. Neratinib is a potent, irreversible inhibitor that binds HER2 and inhibits downstream signaling. We used the previously validated high-definition single cell assay (HDSCA) workflow to investigate the clinical significance of the liquid biopsy in ERBB2 mutant, non-amplified, post-menopausal mBC patients starting neratinib and fulvestrant combination therapy. Characterization with a comprehensive liquid biopsy methodology (HDSCA) included genomic analysis of both the cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and single circulating tumor cells (CTCs) to monitor tumor evolution and identify potential mutational variants unique to the patient's clinical response. A limited series of five sequentially enrolled patients presented here were from the MutHER ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01670877) or SUMMIT ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov , NCT01953926) trials. Patients had an average of 5.4 lines of therapy before enrollment, variable hormone receptor status, and ERBB2 mutations at diagnosis and during treatment. CTC enumeration alone was not sufficient to predict clinical response. Treatment pressure was shown to lead to an observable change in CTC morphology and genomic instability (GI), suggesting these parameters may inform prognosis. Single cell copy number alteration (CNA) analysis indicated that the persistence or development of a clonal population of CTCs during treatment was associated with a worse response. Hierarchical clustering analysis of the single cells across all patients and timepoints identified distinct aberrant regions shared among patients, comprised of 26 genes that are similarly affected and may be related to drug resistance. Additionally, the genomic analysis of the cfDNA, identified new mutations in ERBB2, PIK3CA, and TP53 that arose likely due to treatment pressure in a patient with poor response, further providing insights on the dynamics of the cancer genome over the course of therapy. The data presented in this small cohort study demonstrates the feasibility of real-time molecular profiling of the cellular and acellular fractions of the liquid biopsy using the HDSCA methodology. Additional studies are necessary to determine the potential use of morphometric and genomic analysis as a prognostic tool to advance personalized oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Shishido
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rahul Masson
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Liya Xu
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Lisa Welter
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Rishvanth Kaliappan Prabakar
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Anishka D' Souza
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Darcy Spicer
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Irene Kang
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Priya Jayachandran
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - James Hicks
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Janice Lu
- USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Ave, NTT-3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Peter Kuhn
- Convergent Science Institute in Cancer (CSI-Cancer), Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California,1002 Childs Way, MCB 220, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Chen J, Liao Y, Fan X. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of BUB1B expression in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2021; 21:795-803. [PMID: 33764838 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2021.1908132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal BUB1B expression has been proven to be related to the poor prognosis of various tumors. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the prognostic role of BUB1B in patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Relevant studies from the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and two public databases that stored sequencing data were retrieved. The standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between the BUB1B expression level and clinical characteristics were calculated. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were calculated to estimate the association between BUB1B expression and survival outcomes. RESULTS A total of 16 studies involving 2771 LUAD patients with BUB1B expression were included in this meta-analysis. Patients with older age showed low BUB1B expression. High BUB1B expression was associated with male sex, a smoking history, and an advanced TNM stage. High BUB1B expression was predictive of poor overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, no publication bias was found. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that BUB1B is a significant biomarker for a poor prognosis and poor clinicopathological outcomes in patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Office of Disciplines Construction & Academic Degree, Graduate School of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xianming Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Inflammation & Allergic Diseases Research Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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