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Koumpis E, Papoudou-Bai A, Papathanasiou K, Kolettas E, Kanavaros P, Hatzimichael E. Unraveling the Immune Microenvironment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Prognostic and Potential Therapeutic Implications. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:7048-7064. [PMID: 39057061 PMCID: PMC11276293 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46070420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a multifaceted condition characterized by significant diversity in its molecular and pathological subtypes and clinical manifestation. Despite the progress made in the treatment of DLBCL through the development of novel drugs, an estimated one-third of patients encounter relapse or acquire refractory disease. The tumor microenvironment (TME) of DLBCL, a complex network consisting of cellular and noncellular components that engage in interactions with the tumor, is a parameter that is gaining increasing attention. The TME comprises both the immune and nonimmune microenvironments. The immune microenvironment comprises natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T and B lymphocytes. The nonimmune microenvironment consists of the extracellular matrix (ECM), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal stromal cells, and other molecules that are secreted. Despite ongoing research, the exact impact of these components and their interaction on the progression of the disease remains elusive. A comprehensive review of significant discoveries concerning the cellular and noncellular constituents, molecular characteristics, and treatment response and prognosis of the TME in DLBCL, as well as the potential targeting of the TME with novel therapeutic approaches, is provided in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epameinondas Koumpis
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Alexandra Papoudou-Bai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Papathanasiou
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.K.); (K.P.)
| | - Evangelos Kolettas
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece;
- Biomedical Research Institute, Foundation for Research and Technology, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Kanavaros
- Department of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleftheria Hatzimichael
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece; (E.K.); (K.P.)
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Ru J, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang J, Ren C, Zhang J. Technologies of targeting histone deacetylase in drug discovery: Current progress and emerging prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115800. [PMID: 37708798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) catalyze the hydrolysis of acetyl-l-lysine side chains in histones and non-histones, which are key to epigenetic regulation in humans. Targeting HDACs has emerged as a promising strategy for treating various types of cancer, including myeloma and hematologic malignancies. At present, numerous small molecule inhibitors targeting HDACs are actively being investigated in clinical trials. Despite their potential efficacy in cancer treatment, HDAC inhibitors suffer from multi-directional selectivity and preclinical resistance issues. Hence, developing novel inhibitors based on cutting-edge medicinal chemistry techniques is essential to overcome these limitations and improve clinical outcomes. This manuscript presents an extensive overview of the properties and biological functions of HDACs in cancer, provides an overview of the current state of development and limitations of clinical HDAC inhibitors, and analyzes a range of innovative medicinal chemistry techniques that are applied. These techniques include selective inhibitors, dual-target inhibitors, proteolysis targeting chimeras, and protein-protein interaction inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Ru
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China
| | - Zijia Li
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, Tennessee, USA
| | - Changyu Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, Sichuan, China.
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Mueller S, Kline C, Stoller S, Lundy S, Christopher L, Reddy AT, Banerjee A, Cooney TM, Raber S, Hoffman C, Luks T, Wembacher-Schroeder E, Lummel N, Zhang Y, Bonner ER, Nazarian J, Molinaro AM, Prados M, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Gupta N. PNOC015: Repeated convection-enhanced delivery of MTX110 (aqueous panobinostat) in children with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2074-2086. [PMID: 37318058 PMCID: PMC10628948 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to determine the safety, tolerability, and distribution of MTX110 (aqueous panobinostat) delivered by convection-enhanced delivery (CED) in patients with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) who completed focal radiation therapy (RT). METHODS Patients with DIPG (2-21 years) were enrolled after RT. CED of MTX110 combined with gadoteridol was completed across 7 dose levels (DL) (30-90 µM; volumes ranging from 3 mL to 2 consecutive doses of 6 mL). An accelerated dose escalation design was used. Distribution of infusate was monitored with real-time MR imaging. Repeat CED was performed every 4-8 weeks. Quality-of-life (QoL) assessments were obtained at baseline, every 3 months on therapy, and end of therapy. RESULTS Between May 2018 and March 2020, 7 patients who received a total of 48 CED infusions, were enrolled (median age 8 years, range 5-21). Three patients experienced dose-limited toxicities. Four grade 3 treatment-related adverse events were observed. Most toxicities were transient new or worsening neurologic function. Median overall survival (OS) was 26.1 months (95% confidence interval: 14.8-not reached). Progression-free survival was 4-14 months (median, 7). Cumulative percentage of tumor coverage for combined CED infusions per patient ranged from 35.6% to 81.0%. Increased CED infusions were negatively associated with self-reported QoL assessments. CONCLUSION Repeat CED of MTX110 with real-time imaging with gadoteridol is tolerable for patients with DIPG. Median OS of 26.1 months compares favorably with historical data for children with DIPG. The results support further investigation of this strategy in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Schuyler Stoller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shannon Lundy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lauren Christopher
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alyssa T Reddy
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anu Banerjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tabitha M Cooney
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber/Boston Children’s Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shannon Raber
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carly Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracy Luks
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Yalan Zhang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erin R Bonner
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Prados
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nalin Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Karatrasoglou EA, Dimou M, Piperidou A, Lakiotaki E, Korkolopoulou P, Vassilakopoulos TP. The Role of mTOR in B Cell Lymphoid Malignancies: Biologic and Therapeutic Aspects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14110. [PMID: 37762410 PMCID: PMC10531792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma's (NHL) incidence is rising over time, and B cell lymphomas comprise the majority of lymphomas. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue 1 (Akt)/mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays a critical role in a variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and survival. Its role in lymphomagenesis is confirmed in many different types of B cell lymphomas. This review is mainly focused on the PI3K/v-akt/mTOR pathway-related oncogenic mechanisms in B cell NHLs with an emphasis on common B cell lymphoma types [diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL)]. Furthermore, it summarizes the literature regarding the clinical applications of the mTOR inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus in B cell NHLs, which have been tested in a range of clinical trials enrolling patients with B cell malignancies, either as monotherapy or in combination with other agents or regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni A. Karatrasoglou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Dimou
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Alexia Piperidou
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (T.P.V.)
| | - Eleftheria Lakiotaki
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Penelope Korkolopoulou
- First Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (P.K.)
| | - Theodoros P. Vassilakopoulos
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, 15773 Athens, Greece; (M.D.); (A.P.); (T.P.V.)
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Wu S, Yin Y, Wang X. The epigenetic regulation of the germinal center response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2022; 1865:194828. [PMID: 35643396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2022.194828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In response to T-cell-dependent antigens, antigen-experienced B cells migrate to the center of the B-cell follicle to seed the germinal center (GC) response after cognate interactions with CD4+ T cells. These GC B cells eventually mature into memory and long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells, thus generating long-lived humoral immunity. Within GC, B cells undergo somatic hypermutation of their B cell receptors (BCR) and positive selection for the emergence of high-affinity antigen-specific B-cell clones. However, this process may be dangerous, as the accumulation of aberrant mutations could result in malignant transformation of GC B cells or give rise to autoreactive B cell clones that can cause autoimmunity. Because of this, better understanding of GC development provides diagnostic and therapeutic clues to the underlying pathologic process. A productive GC response is orchestrated by multiple mechanisms. An emerging important regulator of GC reaction is epigenetic modulation, which has key transcriptional regulatory properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the biology of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of GC reaction and outline its importance in identification of immunotherapy decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wu
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Profitós-Pelejà N, Santos JC, Marín-Niebla A, Roué G, Ribeiro ML. Regulation of B-Cell Receptor Signaling and Its Therapeutic Relevance in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:860. [PMID: 35205606 PMCID: PMC8870007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and survival signals emanating from the B-cell receptor (BCR) constitute a crucial aspect of mature lymphocyte's life. Dysregulated BCR signaling is considered a potent contributor to tumor survival in different subtypes of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). In the last decade, the emergence of BCR-associated kinases as rational therapeutic targets has led to the development and approval of several small molecule inhibitors targeting either Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), or phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), offering alternative treatment options to standard chemoimmunotherapy, and making some of these drugs valuable assets in the anti-lymphoma armamentarium. Despite their initial effectiveness, these precision medicine strategies are limited by primary resistance in aggressive B-cell lymphoma such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), especially in the case of first generation BTK inhibitors. In these patients, BCR-targeting drugs often fail to produce durable responses, and nearly all cases eventually progress with a dismal outcome, due to secondary resistance. This review will discuss our current understanding of the role of antigen-dependent and antigen-independent BCR signaling in DLBCL and MCL and will cover both approved inhibitors and investigational molecules being evaluated in early preclinical studies. We will discuss how the mechanisms of action of these molecules, and their off/on-target effects can influence their effectiveness and lead to toxicity, and how our actual knowledge supports the development of more specific inhibitors and new, rationally based, combination therapies, for the management of MCL and DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Profitós-Pelejà
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Juliana Carvalho Santos
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Ana Marín-Niebla
- Department of Hematology, Experimental Hematology, Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Gaël Roué
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
| | - Marcelo Lima Ribeiro
- Lymphoma Translational Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Spain; (N.P.-P.); (J.C.S.); (M.L.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology and Molecular Biology, Sao Francisco University Medical School, Braganca Paulista 12916-900, Brazil
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