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Salazar-Avalos S, Soliz A, Cáceres L, Conejeros S, Brito I, Galvez E, Galleguillos Madrid FM. Metal Recovery from Natural Saline Brines with an Electrochemical Ion Pumping Method Using Hexacyanoferrate Materials as Electrodes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2557. [PMID: 37764586 PMCID: PMC10537048 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical ion pumping device is a promising alternative for the development of the industry of recovering metals from natural sources-such as seawater, geothermal water, well brine, or reverse osmosis brine-using electrochemical systems, which is considered a non-evaporative process. This technology is potentially used for metals like Li, Cu, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Sr, and others that are mostly obtained from natural brine sources through a combination of pumping, solar evaporation, and solvent extraction steps. As the future demand for metals for the electronic industry increases, new forms of marine mining processing alternatives are being implemented. Unfortunately, both land and marine mining, such as off-shore and deep sea types, have great potential for severe environmental disruption. In this context, a green alternative is the mixing entropy battery, which is a promising technique whereby the ions are captured from a saline natural source and released into a recovery solution with low ionic force using intercalation materials such as Prussian Blue Analogue (PBA) to store cations inside its crystal structure. This new technique, called "electrochemical ion pumping", has been proposed for water desalination, lithium concentration, and blue energy recovery using the difference in salt concentration. The raw material for this technology is a saline solution containing ions of interest, such as seawater, natural brines, or industrial waste. In particular, six main ions of interest-Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, and SO42--are found in seawater, and they constitute 99.5% of the world's total dissolved salts. This manuscript provides relevant information about this new non-evaporative process for recovering metals from aqueous salty solutions using hexacianometals such as CuHCF, NiHCF, and CoHCF as electrodes, among others, for selective ion removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Salazar-Avalos
- Centro de Desarrollo Energético de Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Alvaro Soliz
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Metalurgia, Universidad de Atacama, Av. Copayapu 485, Copiapó 1530000, Chile;
| | - Luis Cáceres
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Procesos de Minerales, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile;
| | - Sergio Conejeros
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile;
| | - Iván Brito
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
| | - Edelmira Galvez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Minas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Av. Angamos 610, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile;
| | - Felipe M. Galleguillos Madrid
- Centro de Desarrollo Energético de Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Av. Universidad de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile;
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Fang M, Chu W, Cui J, Jin G, Tian C. Adsorption application of Rb
+
on hydrogels of hydroxypropyl cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol/reduced graphene oxide encapsulating potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China
| | - Wei‐fan Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China
| | - Jingsi Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China
| | - Guan‐Ping Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China
| | - Changqing Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei Anhui China
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Xu Z, Rong M, Ni S, Meng Q, Chen L, Liu H, Yang L. A strategy of synergistically using ether oxygen and phenolic hydroxyl groups for Ultra-High selective and fast Cs+ isolation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Camiel H. C. Janssen
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510 México D.F., Mexico
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Pramanik BK, Nghiem LD, Hai FI. Extraction of strategically important elements from brines: Constraints and opportunities. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 168:115149. [PMID: 31604175 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Strategically important elements are those that are vital to advanced manufacturing, low carbon technologies and other growing industries. Ongoing depletion and supply risks to these elements are a critical concern, and thus, recovery of these elements from low-grade ores and brines has generated significant interest worldwide. Among the strategically important elements, this paper focuses on rare earth elements (REEs), the platinum-group metals and lithium due to their wide application in the advanced industrial economics. We critically review the current methods such as precipitation, ion exchange and solvent extraction for extracting these elements from low-grade ores and brines and provide insight into the technical challenges to the practical realisation of metal extraction from these low-grade sources. The challenges include the low concentration of the target elements in brines and inadequate selectivity of the existing methods. This review also critically analyzes the potential applicability of an integrated clean water production and metal extraction process based on conventional pressure-driven membrane and emerging membrane technologies (e.g., membrane distillation). Such a process can first enrich the strategically important elements in solution for their subsequent recovery along with clean water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biplob Kumar Pramanik
- Civil and Infrastructure Engineering Discipline, School of Engineering, RMIT University, VIC, 3001, Australia.
| | - Long Duc Nghiem
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS, 2007, Australia; NTT Institute of Hi-Technology, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Faisal I Hai
- Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory, School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
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Egorin A, Tokar E, Palamarchuk M, Portnyagin A, Tutov M, Mis’ko D, Kalashnikova A, Sokolnitskaya T, Tananaev I. Synthesis of porous resorcinol-formaldehyde resins and study of their sorption characteristics toward Cs in highly mineralized alkaline media. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2018-3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present work was devoted to study of sorption parameters of resorcinol-formaldehyde resins synthesized through introduction of an inorganic filler (in amounts of 10 and 25 wt.%) with its subsequent leaching. The surface morphology and composition of ion-exchange resins have been investigated by means of the method of scanning electron microscopy. The effect of internal diffusion on the peculiarities of the ion-exchange process has been determined. It has been revealed that the ion-exchangers destruction upon a prolonged contact with highly alkaline solutions is followed by the decrease of internal diffusion coefficients and selectivity toward Cs-137 micro-quantities. The sorption properties of resins under dynamic conditions at high solution feeding rates have been studied. A sample with the highest efficiency of Cs-137 removal from highly mineralized solutions has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Egorin
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Eduard Tokar
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Marina Palamarchuk
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Arseniy Portnyagin
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Mikhail Tutov
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Daria Mis’ko
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
| | | | - Tatiana Sokolnitskaya
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
| | - Ivan Tananaev
- Far Eastern Federal University , Sukhanova St. 8 , Vladivostok 690000 , Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka 159 , Vladivostok 690022 , Russia
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Rauwel P, Rauwel E. Towards the Extraction of Radioactive Cesium-137 from Water via Graphene/CNT and Nanostructured Prussian Blue Hybrid Nanocomposites: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E682. [PMID: 31052518 PMCID: PMC6566935 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cesium is a radioactive fission product generated in nuclear power plants and is disposed of as liquid waste. The recent catastrophe at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant in Japan has increased the 137Cs and 134Cs concentrations in air, soil and water to lethal levels. 137Cs has a half-life of 30.4 years, while the half-life of 134Cs is around two years, therefore the formers' detrimental effects linger for a longer period. In addition, cesium is easily transported through water bodies making water contamination an urgent issue to address. Presently, efficient water remediation methods towards the extraction of 137Cs are being studied. Prussian blue (PB) and its analogs have shown very high efficiencies in the capture of 137Cs+ ions. In addition, combining them with magnetic nanoparticles such as Fe3O4 allows their recovery via magnetic extraction once exhausted. Graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNT) are the new generation carbon allotropes that possess high specific surface areas. Moreover, the possibility to functionalize them with organic or inorganic materials opens new avenues in water treatment. The combination of PB-CNT/Graphene has shown enhanced 137Cs+ extraction and their possible applications as membranes can be envisaged. This review will survey these nanocomposites, their efficiency in 137Cs+ extraction, their possible toxicity, and prospects in large-scale water remediation and succinctly survey other new developments in 137Cs+ extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Protima Rauwel
- Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Erwan Rauwel
- Institute of Technology, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 56/1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
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Abstract
Porous ion-exchanging resorcinol-formaldehyde resins were prepared by removing an inorganic template (CaCO3) and by polymerization of a highly concentrated emulsion with toluene as a dispersing phase. As compared to original resorcinol-formaldehyde resins, the porous one is characterized with higher values of internal diffusion, providing exceptional purification coefficients. However, the amounts of the introduced CaCO3 and toluene have to be below 10 wt.% and 25 wt.%, respectively, to avoid fast degradation of the ion-exchanger. Under dynamic conditions, average purification coefficients in the model solution of Cs-137 are twice higher than those of the non-porous sample. The prepared porous ion-exchange resin can be used in cases when high Cs-137 uptake from liquid media should be realized at increased rates of solution percolation.
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Extraction kinetics of rubidium in brine solutions by 4-tert-butyl-2-(α-methylbenzyl)phenol/sulfonated kerosene using a single drop method. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Removing rubidium using potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate in the membrane adsorption hybrid system. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Wang W, Ye X, Wu Z, Wang A. Fabrication of a magnetic porous hydrogel sphere for efficient enrichment of Rb+ and Cs+ from aqueous solution. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen FP, Jin GP, Peng SY, Liu XD, Tian JJ. Recovery of cesium from residual salt lake brine in Qarham playa of Qaidam Basin with prussian blue functionalized graphene/carbon fibers composite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Özcan F, Bayrakcı M, Ertul Ş. Synthesis and characterization of novel nanofiber based calixarene and its binding efficiency towards chromium and uranium ions. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-016-0604-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diallo MS, Kotte MR, Cho M. Mining Critical Metals and Elements from Seawater: Opportunities and Challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:9390-9. [PMID: 25894365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The availability and sustainable supply of technology metals and valuable elements is critical to the global economy. There is a growing realization that the development and deployment of the clean energy technologies and sustainable products and manufacturing industries of the 21st century will require large amounts of critical metals and valuable elements including rare-earth elements (REEs), platinum group metals (PGMs), lithium, copper, cobalt, silver, and gold. Advances in industrial ecology, water purification, and resource recovery have established that seawater is an important and largely untapped source of technology metals and valuable elements. This feature article discusses the opportunities and challenges of mining critical metals and elements from seawater. We highlight recent advances and provide an outlook of the future of metal mining and resource recovery from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou S Diallo
- †Graduate School of EEWS (Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
- ‡Environmental Science and Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Madhusudhana Rao Kotte
- †Graduate School of EEWS (Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Manki Cho
- †Graduate School of EEWS (Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Wang X, Yu J. Application of Fe3O4/graphene oxide composite for the separation of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from aqueous solution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li W, Liu R, Kang H, Sun Y, Dong F, Huang Y. Synthesis of amidoxime functionalized cellulose derivatives as a reducing agent and stabilizer for preparing gold nanoparticles. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py00052d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Singh A, Kumawat IK. Synthesis and characterization of a new guar gum 4-hydroxybenzoic acid resin and its use for the separation of heavy metal ions in industrial effluents. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Casas S, Aladjem C, Cortina JL, Larrotcha E, Cremades LV. Seawater Reverse Osmosis Brines as a New Salt Source for the Chlor-Alkali Industry: Integration of NaCl Concentration by Electrodialysis. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2012.686849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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