1
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7-aminocephalosporanic acid, a novel HSP90β inhibitor, attenuates HFD-induced hepatic steatosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 622:184-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Julkipli J, Syamsu K, Wibisana A. Optimization of cephalosporin C acylase immobilization using crosslinked enzyme aggregates technique. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) is an essential enzyme for the one-step conversion of cephalosporin C into 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), an intermediate compound used to synthesize various semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. The industrial process prefers to use enzymes in immobilized form rather than soluble. A crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEAs) is a potential matrix-less enzyme immobilization technique to produce stable immobilized enzymes with high activity and low production costs. This study aimed to optimize the CCA immobilization using the CLEAs technique with Chitosan as a co-aggregate. The CCA lysate was obtained from harvesting CCA fermentation broth using a mutant strain of Escherichia coli through cell separation and lysis steps. Partially purified CCA by ammonium sulfate addition was conducted to obtain an active fraction of 20-60% saturation, followed by co-aggregation with Chitosan to form physical CCA aggregates. The aggregates were then immobilized by a crosslinking technique using glutaraldehyde to form CLEAs-CCA. Optimization of the immobilization process was carried out by Response Surface Methodology in three steps, (i) screening of the influencing factors, (ii) determining the level of the significant factors, and (iii) optimizing the immobilization condition. The CLEAs-CCA activity was used as a response parameter. Under optimum conditions, CLEAs-CCA activity obtained was 85.91 Ug-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julkipli Julkipli
- Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Khaswar Syamsu
- Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Wibisana
- The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, 15314 3 Chemical Engineering Study Program, Pamulang University, Witana Campus, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
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3
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Sharma A, Thatai KS, Kuthiala T, Singh G, Arya SK. Employment of polysaccharides in enzyme immobilization. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2021.105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Martins de Oliveira S, Velasco-Lozano S, Orrego AH, Rocha-Martín J, Moreno-Pérez S, Fraile JM, López-Gallego F, Guisán JM. Functionalization of Porous Cellulose with Glyoxyl Groups as a Carrier for Enzyme Immobilization and Stabilization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:927-937. [PMID: 33423456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The functionalization of the internal surface of macroporous carriers with glyoxyl groups has proven to highly stabilize a large variety of enzymes through multipoint covalent immobilization. In this work, we have translated the surface chemistry developed for the fabrication of glyoxyl-agarose carriers to macroporous cellulose (CEL). To that aim, CEL-based microbeads were functionalized with glyoxyl groups through a stepwise alkoxylation (or alkylation)/oxidation synthetic scheme. This functionalization sequence was analyzed by solid-state NMR, while the scanning electron miscroscopy of CEL microbeads reveals that the mild oxidation conditions negligibly affect the morphological properties of the material. Through the optimal functionalization protocol using rac-glycidol, we introduce up to 200 μmols of aldehyde groups per gram of wet CEL, a similar density to the one obtained for the benchmarked agarose-glyoxyl carrier. This novel CEL-based carrier succeeds to immobilize and stabilize industrially relevant enzymes such as d-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis and xylanases from Trichoderma reseei. Remarkably, the xylanases immobilized on the optimal CEL-based materials present a half-life time of 51 h at 60 °C and convert up to 90% of the xylan after four operation cycles for the synthesis of xylooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Martins de Oliveira
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro H Orrego
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Javier Rocha-Martín
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Pérez
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - José M Fraile
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, María Díaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Guisán
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry (ICP) CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain
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5
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A pair of esterases from a commensal gut bacterium remove acetylations from all positions on complex β-mannans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:7122-7130. [PMID: 32170022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915376117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
β-mannans and xylans are important components of the plant cell wall and they are acetylated to be protected from degradation by glycoside hydrolases. β-mannans are widely present in human and animal diets as fiber from leguminous plants and as thickeners and stabilizers in processed foods. There are many fully characterized acetylxylan esterases (AcXEs); however, the enzymes deacetylating mannans are less understood. Here we present two carbohydrate esterases, RiCE2 and RiCE17, from the Firmicute Roseburia intestinalis, which together deacetylate complex galactoglucomannan (GGM). The three-dimensional (3D) structure of RiCE17 with a mannopentaose in the active site shows that the CBM35 domain of RiCE17 forms a confined complex, where the axially oriented C2-hydroxyl of a mannose residue points toward the Ser41 of the catalytic triad. Cavities on the RiCE17 surface may accept galactosylations at the C6 positions of mannose adjacent to the mannose residue being deacetylated (subsite -1 and +1). In-depth characterization of the two enzymes using time-resolved NMR, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry demonstrates that they work in a complementary manner. RiCE17 exclusively removes the axially oriented 2-O-acetylations on any mannose residue in an oligosaccharide, including double acetylated mannoses, while the RiCE2 is active on 3-O-, 4-O-, and 6-O-acetylations. Activity of RiCE2 is dependent on RiCE17 removing 2-O-acetylations from double acetylated mannose. Furthermore, transacetylation of oligosaccharides with the 2-O-specific RiCE17 provided insight into how temperature and pH affects acetyl migration on manno-oligosaccharides.
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6
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Kim MJ, Jang MU, Nam GH, Shin H, Song JR, Kim TJ. Functional Expression and Characterization of Acetyl Xylan Esterases CE Family 7 from Lactobacillus antri and Bacillus halodurans. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:155-162. [PMID: 31986559 PMCID: PMC9728288 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2001.01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl xylan esterase (AXE; E.C. 3.1.1.72) is one of the accessory enzymes for xylan degradation, which can remove the terminal acetate residues from xylan polymers. In this study, two genes encoding putative AXEs (LaAXE and BhAXE) were cloned from Lactobacillus antri DSM 16041 and Bacillus halodurans C-125, and constitutively expressed in Escherichia coli. They possess considerable activities towards various substrates such as p-nitrophenyl acetate, 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate, glucose pentaacetate, and 7-amino cephalosporanic acid. LaAXE and BhAXE showed the highest activities at pH 7.0 and 8.0 at 50°C, respectively. These enzymes are AXE members of carbohydrate esterase (CE) family 7 with the cephalosporine-C deacetylase activity for the production of antibiotics precursors. The simultaneous treatment of LaAXE with Thermotoga neapolitana β-xylanase showed 1.44-fold higher synergistic degradation of beechwood xylan than the single treatment of xylanase, whereas BhAXE showed no significant synergism. It was suggested that LaAXE can deacetylate beechwood xylan and enhance the successive accessibility of xylanase towards the resulting substrates. The novel LaAXE originated from a lactic acid bacterium will be utilized for the enzymatic production of D-xylose and xylooligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jeong Kim
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Uoon Jang
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Hwa Nam
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeji Shin
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Rok Song
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jip Kim
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Graduate School of Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-43-261-3354 Fax: +82-43-271-4412 E-mail:
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7
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Strategy for the Biosynthesis of Short Oligopeptides: Green and Sustainable Chemistry. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110733. [PMID: 31766233 PMCID: PMC6920838 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Short oligopeptides are some of the most promising and functionally important amide bond-containing components, with widespread applications. Biosynthesis of these oligopeptides may potentially become the ultimate strategy because it has better cost efficiency and environmental-friendliness than conventional solid phase peptide synthesis and chemo-enzymatic synthesis. To successfully apply this strategy for the biosynthesis of structurally diverse amide bond-containing components, the identification and selection of specific biocatalysts is extremely important. Given that perspective, this review focuses on the current knowledge about the typical enzymes that might be potentially used for the synthesis of short oligopeptides. Moreover, novel enzymatic methods of producing desired peptides via metabolic engineering are highlighted. It is believed that this review will be helpful for technological innovation in the production of desired peptides.
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8
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Evans LE, Krishna A, Ma Y, Webb TE, Marshall DC, Tooke CL, Spencer J, Clarke TB, Armstrong A, Edwards AM. Exploitation of Antibiotic Resistance as a Novel Drug Target: Development of a β-Lactamase-Activated Antibacterial Prodrug. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4411-4425. [PMID: 31009558 PMCID: PMC6511942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Expression of β-lactamase is the single most prevalent determinant of antibiotic resistance, rendering bacteria resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. In this article, we describe the development of an antibiotic prodrug that combines ciprofloxacin with a β-lactamase-cleavable motif. The prodrug is only bactericidal after activation by β-lactamase. Bactericidal activity comparable to ciprofloxacin is demonstrated against clinically relevant E. coli isolates expressing diverse β-lactamases; bactericidal activity was not observed in strains without β-lactamase. These findings demonstrate that it is possible to exploit antibiotic resistance to selectively target β-lactamase-producing bacteria using our prodrug approach, without adversely affecting bacteria that do not produce β-lactamase. This paves the way for selective targeting of drug-resistant pathogens without disrupting or selecting for resistance within the microbiota, reducing the rate of secondary infections and subsequent antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E. Evans
- MRC
Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Aishwarya Krishna
- MRC
Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Yajing Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E. Webb
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Dominic C. Marshall
- Department
of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine L. Tooke
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - James Spencer
- School
of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University
of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas B. Clarke
- MRC
Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, W12 0BZ London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew M. Edwards
- MRC
Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom
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9
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Zheng J, Yang T, Zhou J, Xu M, Zhang X, Rao Z, Yang S. Efficient production of d-amino acid oxidase in Escherichia coli by a trade-off between its expression and biomass using N-terminal modification. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 243:716-723. [PMID: 28711799 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Native d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) that is expressed mostly as inclusion body and its toxicity for E. coli hamper efficient heterologous expression. In this study, the soluble expression of DAAO from Rhodosporidium toruloides (RtDAAO) was improved in E. coli through N-terminal modification, but the cell biomass was decreased. Then a trade-off between DAAO expression and biomass was achieved to obtain the highest volumetric activity of DAAO through regulated the number of N-terminus histidine residues. When variant 2H3G was fused with three N-terminus histidine residues, the volumetric activity was increased by 3.1 times and the biomass was not significant change compared with the wild type. Finally, the N-terminus disordered region of RtDAAO (HSQK) was replaced with HHHG and the variant enzyme activity reached 80.7U/mL (with a 40 percent of inactive DAAO reduced) in a 7.5L fermenter in 24h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Taowei Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junping Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
| | - Shangtian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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10
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Singh MK, Shivakumaraswamy S, Gummadi SN, Manoj N. Role of an N-terminal extension in stability and catalytic activity of a hyperthermostable α/β hydrolase fold esterase. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:559-570. [PMID: 28967962 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE7) enzymes catalyze the deacetylation of acetyl esters of a broad range of alcohols and is unique in its activity towards cephalosporin C. The CE7 fold contains a conserved N-terminal extension that distinguishes it from the canonical α/β hydrolase fold. The hexameric quaternary structure indicates that the N-terminus may affect activity and specificity by controlling access of substrates to the buried active sites via an entrance tunnel. In this context, we characterized the catalytic parameters, conformation and thermal stability of two truncation variants lacking four and ten residues of the N-terminal region of the hyperthermostable Thermotoga maritima CE7 acetyl esterase (TmAcE). The truncations did not affect the secondary structure or the fold but modulated the oligomerization dynamics. A modest increase was observed in substrate specificity for acetylated xylose compared with acetylated glucose. A drastic reduction of ~30-40°C in the optimum temperature for activity of the variants indicated lower thermal stability. The loss of hyperthermostability appears to be an indirect effect associated with an increase in the conformational flexibility of an otherwise rigid neighboring loop containing a catalytic triad residue. The results suggest that the N-terminal extension was evolutionarily selected to preserve the stability of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay K Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Santosh Shivakumaraswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sathyanarayana N Gummadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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11
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Singh MK, Manoj N. Structural role of a conserved active sitecisproline in theThermotoga maritimaacetyl esterase from the carbohydrate esterase family 7. Proteins 2017; 85:694-708. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.25249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay K. Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; Chennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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12
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Cephalosporin C Acylase from Microbes for One-step Enzymatic Transformation of Cephalosporin C to 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.10.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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13
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Ma X, Zhu Y, Sun M, Yang S, Su E, Wei D. High-level expression of Cephalosporin C deacetylase from Bacillus subtilis SIL3 in Escherichia coli by a multilevel collaborative strategy. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Hu Y, Zhu B. Study on genetic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum, the cephalosporin C producer. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2016; 1:143-149. [PMID: 29062938 PMCID: PMC5640796 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acremonium chrysogenum is an important filamentous fungus which produces cephalosporin C in industry. This review summarized the study on genetic engineering of Acremonium chrysogenum, including biosynthesis and regulation for fermentation of cephalosporin C, molecular techniques, molecular breeding and transcriptomics of Acremonium chrysogenum. We believe with all the techniques available and full genomic sequence, the industrial strain of Acremonium chrysogenum can be genetically modified to better serve the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youjia Hu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Baoquan Zhu
- China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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15
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Silber J, Kramer A, Labes A, Tasdemir D. From Discovery to Production: Biotechnology of Marine Fungi for the Production of New Antibiotics. Mar Drugs 2016; 14:md14070137. [PMID: 27455283 PMCID: PMC4962027 DOI: 10.3390/md14070137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are well known for their capability of producing antibiotic natural products. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of antimicrobials with vast chemodiversity from marine fungi. Development of such natural products into lead compounds requires sustainable supply. Marine biotechnology can significantly contribute to the production of new antibiotics at various levels of the process chain including discovery, production, downstream processing, and lead development. However, the number of biotechnological processes described for large-scale production from marine fungi is far from the sum of the newly-discovered natural antibiotics. Methods and technologies applied in marine fungal biotechnology largely derive from analogous terrestrial processes and rarely reflect the specific demands of the marine fungi. The current developments in metabolic engineering and marine microbiology are not yet transferred into processes, but offer numerous options for improvement of production processes and establishment of new process chains. This review summarises the current state in biotechnological production of marine fungal antibiotics and points out the enormous potential of biotechnology in all stages of the discovery-to-development pipeline. At the same time, the literature survey reveals that more biotechnology transfer and method developments are needed for a sustainable and innovative production of marine fungal antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Silber
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Annemarie Kramer
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Antje Labes
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
| | - Deniz Tasdemir
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Marine Natural Products Chemistry Research Unit, GEOMAR Centre for Marine Biotechnology (GEOMAR-Biotech), Am Kiel-Kanal 44, Kiel 24106, Germany.
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Kiel, Christian-Albrechts-Platz 4, Kiel 24118, Germany.
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16
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An extended loop in CE7 carbohydrate esterase family is dispensable for oligomerization but required for activity and thermostability. J Struct Biol 2016; 194:434-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Singh MK, Manoj N. Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima acetyl esterase complex with a substrate analog: Insights into the distinctive substrate specificity in the CE7 carbohydrate esterase family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:63-8. [PMID: 27181355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The carbohydrate esterase family 7 (CE7) members are acetyl esterases that possess unusual substrate specificity for cephalosporin C and 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid. This family containing the α/β hydrolase fold has a distinctive substrate profile that allows it to carry out hydrolysis of esters containing diverse alcohol moieties while maintaining narrow specificity for an acetate ester. Here we investigate the structural basis of this preference for small acyl groups using the crystal structure of the thermostable Thermotoga maritima CE7 acetyl esterase (TmAcE) complexed with a non-cognate substrate analog. The structure determined at 1.86 Å resolution provides direct evidence for the location of the largely hydrophobic and rigid substrate binding pocket in this family. Furthermore, a three-helix insertion domain near the catalytic machinery shapes the substrate binding site. The structure reveals two residues (Pro228 and Ile276) which constitute a hydrophobic rigid binding surface for the acyl group of the ester and thus restricts the size of the acyl group that be accommodated. In combination with previous literature on kinetic properties of the enzyme, our studies suggest that these residues determine the unique specificity of the TmAcE for short straight chain esters. The structure provides a template for focused attempts to engineer the CE7 enzymes for enhanced stability, selectivity or activity for biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrityunjay K Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Narayanan Manoj
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
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18
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An effective method for extraction of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from recombinant E. coli cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-013-0607-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Determination of the second autoproteolytic cleavage site of cephalosporin C acylase and the effect of deleting its flanking residues in the α-C-terminal region. J Biotechnol 2014; 184:138-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Šačkus A, Bričkutė D, Paliulis O, Sløk FA. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogs of α-aminoadipic Acid and its Esters Based on Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]Thiazole. J Heterocycl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Šačkus
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Diana Bričkutė
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
| | - Osvaldas Paliulis
- Institute of Synthetic Chemistry; Kaunas University of Technology; Kaunas LT-50254 Lithuania
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21
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Conti G, Pollegioni L, Molla G, Rosini E. Strategic manipulation of an industrial biocatalyst--evolution of a cephalosporin C acylase. FEBS J 2014; 281:2443-55. [PMID: 24684708 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Semi-synthetic cephalosporins are synthesized from the 7-amino cephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) nucleus produced from the antibiotic cephalosporin C (CephC). In recent years, a single-step enzymatic process in which CephC is directly converted into 7-ACA by a cephalosporin C acylase (CA) has attracted industrial interest because of the prospects of simplifying the process and reducing costs. CAs are members of the glutaryl acylase family that specifically use CephC as their substrate; however, known natural glutaryl acylases show very low activity on the antibiotic. We previously enhanced the catalytic efficiency on CephC of a glutaryl acylase from Pseudomonas N176 (named VAC) by a protein engineering approach, and solved the structures of the VAC, thus providing insight into the substrate binding and catalytic activity of CAs. However, the properties of such enzymes are not sufficient to encourage 7-ACA manufacturers to shift to single-step enzymatic conversion of CephC. Here, we combine structural knowledge, semi-rational design, computational approaches and evolution analysis to isolate VAC variants with altered substrate specificity (i.e. with a > 11,000-fold increase in specificity constant for CephC versus glutaryl-7-amino cephalosporanic acid, compared to wild-type) and with the highest kinetic efficiency so far obtained for a CA. Indeed, the H57βS-H70βS-L154βY VAC variant shows the highest conversion of CephC into 7-ACA under conditions resembling those used at industrial level because of its high kinetic efficiency and the absence of substrate or product inhibition effects, and may be suitable for industrial application of the mono-step process for CephC conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Conti
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
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22
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Leitão AL, Enguita FJ. Fungal extrolites as a new source for therapeutic compounds and as building blocks for applications in synthetic biology. Microbiol Res 2014; 169:652-65. [PMID: 24636745 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolic pathways of fungal origin provide an almost unlimited resource of new compounds for medical applications, which can fulfill some of the, currently unmet, needs for therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of a number of diseases. Secondary metabolites secreted to the extracellular medium (extrolites) belong to diverse chemical and structural families, but the majority of them are synthesized by the condensation of a limited number of precursor building blocks including amino acids, sugars, lipids and low molecular weight compounds also employed in anabolic processes. In fungi, genes related to secondary metabolic pathways are frequently clustered together and show a modular organization within fungal genomes. The majority of fungal gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites contain genes encoding a high molecular weight condensing enzyme which is responsible for the assembly of the precursor units of the metabolite. They also contain other auxiliary genes which encode enzymes involved in subsequent chemical modification of the metabolite core. Synthetic biology is a branch of molecular biology whose main objective is the manipulation of cellular components and processes in order to perform logically connected metabolic functions. In synthetic biology applications, biosynthetic modules from secondary metabolic processes can be rationally engineered and combined to produce either new compounds, or to improve the activities and/or the bioavailability of the already known ones. Recently, advanced genome editing techniques based on guided DNA endonucleases have shown potential for the manipulation of eukaryotic and bacterial genomes. This review discusses the potential application of genetic engineering and genome editing tools in the rational design of fungal secondary metabolite pathways by taking advantage of the increasing availability of genomic and biochemical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia Leitão
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia da Biomassa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.
| | - Francisco J Enguita
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisboa 1649-028, Portugal.
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23
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High-level soluble and functional expression of Trigonopsis variabilis D-amino acid oxidase in Escherichia coli. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1517-26. [PMID: 24425540 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-013-1123-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
D-Amino acid oxidase is an important biocatalyst used in a variety of fields, and its economically justified level recombinant expression in Escherichia coli has not been established. To accomplish this, after a single Phe54Tyr substitution, fusion proteins of D-amino acid oxidase from Trigonopsis variabilis (TvDAO) with 6 × His-tags were constructed and expressed in E. coli. The effects of his-tags fusing position were revealed. Significant increase in holoenzyme percent and protein solubility made N-terminus tagged TvDAO (termed NHDAO) a suitable choice for TvDAO production. However, reduced cell growth and protein production rates were also observed for the NHDAO bearing strains. To optimize the performance of NHDAO production, changes of culture medium were tested. Finally, a production of 140 U/mL or 3.48 g active enzyme per liter which accounted for 41.4 % of the total protein, and a specific activity of 16.68 U/mg for the crude extract, were achieved in a 3.7 L fermenter in 28.5 h. This indicated a possibility for functional and economical TvDAO expression in E. coli to meet the industrial need.
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(R)- α -Aminoadipic Acid: A Versatile Precursor for the Synthesis of D-Amino Acids. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2013; 2013:252813. [PMID: 24222844 PMCID: PMC3810487 DOI: 10.1155/2013/252813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ready accessibility of (R)-α-aminoadipic acid by enzymatic cleavage of cephalosporin C (CephC) in the production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) on a large scale makes it a favorable chiral pool building block for the synthesis of unusual amino acids. A route for the synthesis of C-5-alkenyl and C-6-alkylidene derivatives of (R)-pipecolic acid is described which utilizes (R)-α-aminoadipic acid as the enantiomerically pure starting material. Moreover, the synthesis of azido and triazolyl derivatives of (R)-α-aminoadipic acid is reported.
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High-level expression of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase from Pseudomonas diminuta NK703 in Escherichia coli by combined optimization strategies. J Biotechnol 2013; 168:607-15. [PMID: 23994688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (GLA) coding gene was cloned from Pseudomonas diminuta NK703 which was screened from oilfield. The concerted effects of the expression system, inducing condition and culture medium on the expression of NK703 GLA in E. coli were firstly investigated. The best combination was the recombinant E. coli strain of pET-28a+GLA/BL21(DE3) with 2.0% (w/v) lactose inducing in YT medium at 25°C. Then, by optimizing the components of culture medium, a synthetic medium with dextrin and a feeding medium with glycerol as the carbon sources were developed to further enhance the GLA yield and improve the GLA solubility. In the end, the NK703 GLA activity increased about 50-fold, reached 14,470 ± 465 U/L, and the GLA productivity and the proportion of soluble GLA to the total soluble protein attained 206.0 ± 9.033 UL(-1)h(-1) and 60.13%, respectively. Scaling up the GLA production in 3.7 L fermenter under the optimized conditions identified in shake flask, the GLA activity also reached 12,406±521U/L, which was the highest report at fermenter level.
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Cui JD, Jia SR. Optimization protocols and improved strategies of cross-linked enzyme aggregates technology: current development and future challenges. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 35:15-28. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.795516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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28
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Tian Q, Song P, Jiang L, Li S, Huang H. A novel cephalosporin deacetylating acetyl xylan esterase from Bacillus subtilis with high activity toward cephalosporin C and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:2081-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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29
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Mutant d-amino acid oxidase with higher catalytic efficiency toward d-amino acids with bulky side chains. Russ Chem Bull 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-012-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Sadiq A, Sewald N. 6-Alkynyl- and 6-Aryl-Substituted (R)-Pipecolic Acid Derivatives. Org Lett 2013; 15:2720-2. [DOI: 10.1021/ol4010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, P.O. Box 100131, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
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Fazius F, Zaehle C, Brock M. Lysine biosynthesis in microbes: relevance as drug target and prospects for β-lactam antibiotics production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:3763-72. [PMID: 23504110 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4805-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Plants as well as pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms are able to synthesise lysine via de novo synthesis. While plants and bacteria, with some exceptions, rely on variations of the meso-diaminopimelate pathway for lysine biosynthesis, fungi exclusively use the α-aminoadipate pathway. Although bacteria and fungi are, in principle, both suitable as lysine producers, current industrial fermentations rely on the use of bacteria. In contrast, fungi are important producers of β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillins or cephalosporins. The synthesis of these antibiotics strictly depends on α-aminoadipate deriving from lysine biosynthesis. Interestingly, despite the resulting industrial importance of the fungal α-aminoadipate pathway, biochemical reactions leading to α-aminoadipate formation have only been studied on a limited number of fungal species. In this respect, just recently an essential isomerisation reaction required for the formation of α-aminoadipate has been elucidated in detail. This review summarises biochemical pathways leading to lysine production, discusses the suitability of interrupting lysine biosynthesis as target for new antibacterial and antifungal compounds and emphasises on biochemical reactions involved in the formation of α-aminoadipate in fungi as an essential intermediate for both, lysine and β-lactam antibiotics production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Fazius
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Beutenbergstr. 11a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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32
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Recent advances in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and clavams and its regulation. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:287-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Revised: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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33
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Pollegioni L, Rosini E, Molla G. Cephalosporin C acylase: dream and(/or) reality. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2341-55. [PMID: 23417342 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cephalosporins currently constitute the most widely prescribed class of antibiotics and are used to treat diseases caused by both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cephalosporins contain a 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) nucleus which is derived from cephalosporin C (CephC). The 7-ACA nucleus is not sufficiently potent for clinical use; however, a series of highly effective antibiotic agents could be produced by modifying the side chains linked to the 7-ACA nucleus. The industrial production of higher-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporins starts from 7-ACA, which is obtained by deacylation of the naturally occurring antibiotic CephC. CephC can be converted to 7-ACA either chemically or enzymatically using D-amino acid oxidase and glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase. Both these methods show limitation, including the production of toxic waste products (chemical process) and the expense (the enzymatic one). In order to circumvent these problems, attempts have been undertaken to design a single-step means of enzymatically converting CephC to 7-ACA in the course of the past 10 years. The most suitable approach is represented by engineering the activity of a known glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase such that it will bind and deacylate CephC more preferentially over glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid. Here, we describe the state of the art in the production of an effective and specific CephC acylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredano Pollegioni
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università degli studi dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.
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Hamed RB, Gomez-Castellanos JR, Henry L, Ducho C, McDonough MA, Schofield CJ. The enzymes of β-lactam biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2013; 30:21-107. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np20065a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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35
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Rosini E, Monelli CS, Pollegioni L, Riva S, Monti D. On the substrate preference of glutaryl acylases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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36
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Wang Y, Yu H, Zhang J, Luo H, Shen Z. Double knockout of β-lactamase and cephalosporin acetyl esterase genes from Escherichia coli reduces cephalosporin C decomposition. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:737-41. [PMID: 22382016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The phenomenon of CPC decomposition occurs in Escherichia coli JM105/pMKC-sCPCacy during the one-step enzymatic conversion of cephalosporin C (CPC) into 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) by CPC acylase (sCPCAcy) for synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics. E. coli JM105/pMKC-sCPCacy can constitutively produce sCPCacy as a fusion protein with maltose binding protein (MBP). Control experiments verified that the cell lysis solution from the host E. coli JM105 resulted in CPC decomposition by approximately 15%. Two miscellaneous enzymes, β-lactamase (AmpC) and cephalosporin acetyl esterase (Aes), are believed to play a major role in the degradation of CPC. Using the Red recombination system, the genes ampC, aes or both ampC and aes were knocked out from the chromosome of E. coli JM105 to generate the engineers: E. coli JM105(ΔampC), E. coli JM105(Δaes) and E. coli JM105(ΔampC, Δaes). The CPC decomposition was reduced to 12.2% in E. coli JM105(Δaes), 1.3% in E. coli JM105(ΔampC), and even undetectable in ampC-aes double knockout cells of E. coli JM105(ΔampC, Δaes). When catalyzed by crude MBP-sCPCAcy isolated from E. coli JM105(ΔampC, Δaes)/pMKC-sCPCacy (3377U·l(-1)), the CPC utilization efficiency increased to 98.4% from the original 88.7%. Similar results were obtained for the ampC-aes double knockout host derived from E. coli JM109(DE3) and the CPC utilization efficiency enhanced to 99.3% in the catalysis of crude sCPCAcy harvested from E. coli JM109(DE3, ΔampC, Δaes)/pET28-sCPCacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P R China
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Wang Y, Yu H, Song W, An M, Zhang J, Luo H, Shen Z. Overexpression of synthesized cephalosporin C acylase containing mutations in the substrate transport tunnel. J Biosci Bioeng 2012; 113:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Hu YJ, Zhu BQ. [Research progress on strain improvement of Acremonium chrysogenum by genetic engineering]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2011; 33:1079-1086. [PMID: 21993282 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2011.01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Acremonium chrysogenum, cephalosporin C (CPC) producing strain, is an important industrial microorganism. CPC is used to produce 7-ACA, a major intermediate for manufacturing of many first-line anti-infectious cephalosporin-antibiotics. The fermentation level of CPC determines the production, quality and cost of its downstream products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the strains of A. chrysogenum. Along with the development of molecular biology, genetic manipulation technique is becoming more and more important in the field of molecular breeding. This paper reviews the latest research progresses on CPC biosynthesis and its regulation. Genetic manipulations of A. chrysogenum were summarized and concluded. We suggested that strain improvement of A. chrysogenum by means of induction and expression of biosynthetic and regulatory genes, as well as exogenous genes, and further optimization could be applied to different aspects including CPC production enhancement and metabolic pathway elongation, etc. Future direction of this field is also proposed. We believed that incorporation of comparative proteomics and genomic shuffling with molecular breeding could lead the achievements close to industry promptly.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jia Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Characteristic of immobilized cephalosporin C acylase and its application in one-step enzymatic conversion of cephalosporin C to 7-aminocephalosporanic acid. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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40
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Khoronenkova SV, Tishkov VI. D-amino acid oxidase: physiological role and applications. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2009; 73:1511-8. [PMID: 19216715 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297908130105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
D-Amino acids play a key role in regulation of many processes in living cells. FAD-dependent D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is one of the most important enzymes responsible for maintenance proper level of D-amino acids. The most interesting and important data for regulation of the nervous system, hormone secretion, and other processes by D-amino acids as well as development of different diseases under changed DAAO activity are presented. The mechanism of regulation is complex and multi-parametric because the same enzyme simultaneously influences the level of different D-amino acids, which can result in opposing effects. Use of DAAO for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Khoronenkova
- Chemistry Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
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41
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Volontè F, Marinelli F, Gastaldo L, Sacchi S, Pilone MS, Pollegioni L, Molla G. Optimization of glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase expression in E. coli. Protein Expr Purif 2008; 61:131-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Otten LG, Sio CF, Reis CR, Koch G, Cool RH, Quax WJ. A highly active adipyl-cephalosporin acylase obtained via rational randomization. FEBS J 2007; 274:5600-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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