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Srivastava N, Shiburaj S, Khare SK. Improved production of alkaline and solvent-stable proteases from a halotolerant Exiguobacterium isolate through heterologous expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129507. [PMID: 38244731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Halophiles are excellent sources of detergent proteases that are attributed to stability in alkaline pH, salts, surfactants, and hydrophobic solvents. The lower enzymatic yields and tedious downstream processes necessitate the search for newer halophilic sources. We have previously reported a halotolerant Exiguobacterium sp. TBG-PICH-001, which secretes solvent-tolerant alkaline protease/s. The present study describes the heterologous expression of two protease genes, namely, rsep metalloprotease (WP_195864791, 1.23 Kb) and tpa serine protease (WP_195864453, 0.879 Kb) genes. These were cloned into the pET 22b + plasmid vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant proteases rsep and tpa showed respective yields of 6.3 and 6.7 IU/mg, 11 and 12-fold higher than the crude native protease/s from TBG-PICH-001. These showed soluble expression at 46 and 32 KDa, respectively. These were purified to homogeneity through Ni-NTA-affinity chromatography. The purified proteases were characterized for properties like pH & temperature optima and stability, substrate specificity, kinetic parameters, and detergent attributes. They showed affinity towards various substrates with a respective Km of 392 and 301 μM towards casein. The recombinant proteases exhibited stability in the alkaline pH (7-10), surfactants, metal ions, detergents, and hydrophobic solvents, rendering their suitability as detergent additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695034, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India.
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2
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Rana QUA, Latif S, Perveen S, Haq A, Ali S, Irfan M, Gauttam R, Shah TA, Dawoud TM, Wondmie GF, Bourhia M, Badshah M. Utilization of microalgae for agricultural runoff remediation and sustainable biofuel production through an integrated biorefinery approach. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:8. [PMID: 38647842 PMCID: PMC10992472 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00720-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Generally wastewater such agricultural runoff is considered a nuisance; however, it could be harnessed as a potential source of nutrients like nitrates and phosphates in integrated biorefinery context. In the current study, microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was used for bioremediation of agricultural runoff and the leftover algal biomass was used as a potential source for production of biofuels in an integrated biorefinery context. The microalgae Chlorella sp. S5 was cultivated on Blue Green (BG 11) medium and a comprehensive optimization of different parameters including phosphates, nitrates, and pH was carried out to acquire maximum algal biomass enriched with high lipids content. Dry biomass was quantified using the solvent extraction technique, while the identification of nitrates and phosphates in agricultural runoff was carried out using commercial kits. The algal extracted lipids (oils) were employed in enzymatic trans-esterification for biodiesel production using whole-cell biomass of Bacillus subtilis Q4 MZ841642. The resultant fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, both the intact algal biomass and its lipid-depleted algal biomass were used for biogas production within a batch anaerobic digestion setup. Interestingly, Chlorella sp. S5 demonstrated a substantial reduction of 95% in nitrate and 91% in phosphate from agricultural runoff. The biodiesel derived from algal biomass exhibited a noteworthy total FAME content of 98.2%, meeting the quality standards set by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European union (EU) standards. Furthermore, the biomethane yields obtained from whole biomass and lipid-depleted biomass were 330.34 NmL/g VSadded and 364.34 NmL/g VSadded, respectively. In conclusion, the findings underscore the potent utility of Chlorella sp. S5 as a multi-faceted resource, proficiently employed in a sequential cascade for treating agricultural runoff, producing biodiesel, and generating biogas within the integrated biorefinery concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qurrat Ul Ain Rana
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Saira Latif
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Perveen
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Haq
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- Peshawar Laboratories Complex, Pakistan Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, Islamabad, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Ali
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Tawaf Ali Shah
- Collee of Agriculture Engineering and Food Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Turki M Dawoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, 70000, Laayoune, Morocco
| | - Malik Badshah
- Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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3
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Srivastava N, Shiburaj S, Khare SK. Pan-genomic comparison of a potential solvent-tolerant alkaline protease-producing Exiguobacterium sp. TBG-PICH-001 isolated from a marine habitat. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:371. [PMID: 37854939 PMCID: PMC10579205 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and applicability of bacteria are inconclusive until comprehended with genomic repositories. Our isolate, Exiguobacterium sp. TBG-PICH-001 exhibited excellent halo- and organic solvent tolerance with simultaneous production of alkaline protease/s (0.512 IU/mL). The crude protease (1 IU) showed a 43.57% degradation of whey protein. The bulk proteins in the whey were hydrolyzed to smaller peptides which were evident in the SDS-PAGE profile. With such characteristics, the isolate became interesting for its genomic studies. The TBG-PICH-001 genome was found to be 3.14 Mb in size with 17 contigs and 47.33% GC content. The genome showed 3176 coding genes, and 2699 genes were characterized for their functionality. The Next-Generation-Sequencing of the genome identified only the isolate's genus; hence we attempted to delineate its species position. The genomes of the isolate and other representative Exiguobacterium spp. were compared based on orthologous genes (Orthovenn2 server). A pan-genomic analysis revealed the match of TBG-PICH-001 with 15 uncharacterized Exiguobacterium genomes at the species level. All these collectively matched with Exiguobacterium indicum, and the results were reconfirmed through phylogenetic studies. Further, the Exiguobacterium indicum genomes were engaged for homology studies rendering 11 classes of protease genes. Two putative proteases (Zinc metalloprotease and Serine protease) obtained from homology were checked for PCR amplification using genomic DNA of TBG-PICH-001 and other Exiguobacterium genomes. The results showed amplification only in the Exiguobacterium indicum genome. These protease genes, after sequencing, were matched with the TBG-PICH-001 genome. Their presence in its whole genome experimentally validated the study. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03796-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Srivastava
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Sugathan Shiburaj
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Palayam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695034 India
| | - Sunil Kumar Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016 India
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4
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Wang S, Lei H, Ji Z. Exploring Oxidoreductases from Extremophiles for Biosynthesis in a Non-Aqueous System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076396. [PMID: 37047370 PMCID: PMC10094897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic solvent tolerant oxidoreductases are significant for both scientific research and biomanufacturing. However, it is really challenging to obtain oxidoreductases due to the shortages of natural resources and the difficulty to obtained it via protein modification. This review summarizes the recent advances in gene mining and structure-functional study of oxidoreductases from extremophiles for non-aqueous reaction systems. First, new strategies combining genome mining with bioinformatics provide new insights to the discovery and identification of novel extreme oxidoreductases. Second, analysis from the perspectives of amino acid interaction networks explain the organic solvent tolerant mechanism, which regulate the discrete structure-functional properties of extreme oxidoreductases. Third, further study by conservation and co-evolution analysis of extreme oxidoreductases provides new perspectives and strategies for designing robust enzymes for an organic media reaction system. Furthermore, the challenges and opportunities in designing biocatalysis non-aqueous systems are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhen Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biotechnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hangbin Lei
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhehui Ji
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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Kikani B, Patel R, Thumar J, Bhatt H, Rathore DS, Koladiya GA, Singh SP. Solvent tolerant enzymes in extremophiles: Adaptations and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124051. [PMID: 36933597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-aqueous enzymology has always drawn attention due to the wide range of unique possibilities in biocatalysis. In general, the enzymes do not or insignificantly catalyze substrate in the presence of solvents. This is due to the interfering interactions of the solvents between enzyme and water molecules at the interface. Therefore, information about solvent-stable enzymes is scarce. Yet, solvent-stable enzymes prove quite valuable in the present day biotechnology. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrates in solvents synthesizes commercially valuable products, such as peptides, esters, and other transesterification products. Extremophiles, the most valuable yet not extensively explored candidates, can be an excellent source to investigate this avenue. Due to inherent structural attributes, many extremozymes can catalyze and maintain stability in organic solvents. In the present review, we aim to consolidate information about the solvent-stable enzymes from various extremophilic microorganisms. Further, it would be interesting to learn about the mechanism adapted by these microorganisms to sustain solvent stress. Various approaches to protein engineering are used to enhance catalytic flexibility and stability and broaden biocatalysis's prospects under non-aqueous conditions. It also describes strategies to achieve optimal immobilization with minimum inhibition of the catalysis. The proposed review would significantly aid our understanding of non-aqueous enzymology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavtosh Kikani
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Biological Sciences, P.D. Patel Institute of Applied Sciences, Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa 388 421, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajesh Patel
- Department of Biosciences, Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India
| | - Jignasha Thumar
- Government Science College, Gandhinagar 382 016, Gujarat, India
| | - Hitarth Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Atmiya University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India; Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre, Gandhinagar 382 010, Gujarat, India
| | - Gopi A Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India
| | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Saurashtra University, Rajkot 360 005, Gujarat, India.
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6
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Genome Sequence Analysis of
Exiguobacterium
sp. Strain TBG-PICH-001, Isolated from Pichavaram Mangrove Forest in South India. Microbiol Resour Announc 2022; 11:e0009622. [PMID: 35435742 PMCID: PMC9119112 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00096-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The draft genome sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. strain TBG-PICH-001, isolated from Pichavaram Mangrove Forest (Tamil Nadu, India), is reported here. Paired-end sequencing technology was used to sequence the genome on the Illumina HiSeq X Ten platform. The genome comprises 3,141,454 bp; it harbors 3,154 genes and has a G+C content of 47.34%.
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7
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Johnson AN, Barlow DE, Kelly AL, Varaljay VA, Crookes‐Goodson WJ, Biffinger JC. Current progress towards understanding the biodegradation of synthetic condensation polymers with active hydrolases. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel E Barlow
- Chemistry Division Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC USA
| | | | - Vanessa A Varaljay
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base OH USA
| | - Wendy J Crookes‐Goodson
- Soft Matter Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate Air Force Research Laboratory Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base OH USA
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8
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Cui H, Stadtmüller THJ, Jiang Q, Jaeger K, Schwaneberg U, Davari MD. How to Engineer Organic Solvent Resistant Enzymes: Insights from Combined Molecular Dynamics and Directed Evolution Study. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Cui
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Tom H. J. Stadtmüller
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Qianjia Jiang
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Karl‐Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf and Research Center Jülich Wilhelm Johnen Strasse 52426 Jülich Germany
| | - Ulrich Schwaneberg
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials Forckenbeckstraße 50 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Mehdi D. Davari
- Lehrstuhl für Biotechnologie RWTH Aachen University Worringerweg 3 52074 Aachen Germany
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9
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High stabilization of immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase by additional coating with hydrophilic crosslinked polymers: Poly-allylamine/Aldehyde–dextran. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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10
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Liu JY, Zhang X, Tian BR. Selective modifications at the different positions of cyclodextrins: a review of strategies. Turk J Chem 2020; 44:261-278. [PMID: 33488156 PMCID: PMC7671212 DOI: 10.3906/kim-1910-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are natural, nontoxic, and biodegradable macrocyclic oligosaccharides. As supramolecular hosts, CDs have numerous applications in many aspects. However, nonsubstituted CDs have the disadvantages of solubility, unspecific recognition sites, and weak interactions with guest molecules. Therefore, new CD-based derivatives are successfully designed, synthesized, and widely used in various fields. This contribution outlines the research progress in CD derivatives. In particular, this review emphasizes the synthesis and application of CDs modified through functionalization in definite positions, random substitution, and reconstruction of the skeleton. At the end of this review, a summary and future directions are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan P.R. China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Pingliang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pingliang P.R. China
| | - Bing Ren Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan P.R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumchi P.R. China
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11
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Strategies to Reuse Cellulase: Immobilization of Enzymes (Part II). Fungal Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-14726-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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Sadaf A, Grewal J, Jain I, Kumari A, Khare SK. Stability and structure of Penicillium chrysogenum lipase in the presence of organic solvents. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:977-983. [PMID: 30461349 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2018.1525566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present work describes the enzymatic properties of Penicillium chrysogenum lipase and its behavior in the presence of organic solvents. The temperature and pH optima of the purified lipase was found to be 55 °C and pH 8.0 respectively. The lipase displayed remarkable stability in both polar and non-polar solvents upto 50% (v/v) concentrations for 72 h. A structural perspective of the purified lipase in different organic solvents was gained by using circular dichroism and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy. The native lipase consisted of a predominant α-helix structure which was maintained in both polar and non-polar solvents with the exception of ethyl butyrate where the activity was decreased and the structure was disrupted. The quenching of fluorescence intensity in the presence of organic solvents indicated the transformation of the lipase microenviroment P. chrysogenum lipase offers an interesting system for understanding the solvent stability mechanisms which could be used for rationale designing of engineered lipase biocatalysts for application in organic synthesis in non-aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Sadaf
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Jasneet Grewal
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Isha Jain
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Arti Kumari
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi , India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- a Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Delhi , New Delhi , India
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13
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Taneja K, Kumar Bajaj B, Kumar S, Dilbaghi N. Process optimization for production and purification of novel fibrinolytic enzyme from Stenotrophomonas sp. KG-16-3. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2018.1504925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kapila Taneja
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | | | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, India
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14
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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15
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Immobilization of an Antarctic Pseudomonas AMS8 Lipase for Low Temperature Ethyl Hexanoate Synthesis. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8060234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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16
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Aguirre A, Eberhardt F, Hails G, Cerminati S, Castelli ME, Rasia RM, Paoletti L, Menzella HG, Peiru S. The production, properties, and applications of thermostable steryl glucosidases. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 34:40. [PMID: 29468428 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-018-2423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extremophilic microorganisms are a rich source of enzymes, the enzymes which can serve as industrial catalysts that can withstand harsh processing conditions. An example is thermostable β-glucosidases that are addressing a challenging problem in the biodiesel industry: removing steryl glucosides (SGs) from biodiesel. Steryl glucosidases (SGases) must be tolerant to heat and solvents in order to function efficiently in biodiesel. The amphipathic nature of SGs also requires enzymes with an affinity for water/solvent interfaces in order to achieve efficient hydrolysis. Additionally, the development of an enzymatic process involving a commodity such as soybean biodiesel must be cost-effective, necessitating an efficient manufacturing process for SGases. This review summarizes the identification of microbial SGases and their applications, discusses biodiesel refining processes and the development of analytical methods for identifying and quantifying SGs in foods and biodiesel, and considers technologies for strain engineering and process optimization for the heterologous production of a SGase from Thermococcus litoralis. All of these technologies might be used for the production of other thermostable enzymes. Structural features of SGases and the feasibility of protein engineering for novel applications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Aguirre
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Florencia Eberhardt
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Hails
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Cerminati
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Castelli
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo M Rasia
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET-UNR), Area Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Ocampo y Esmeralda, predio CONICET, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Luciana Paoletti
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Hugo G Menzella
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Salvador Peiru
- Instituto de Procesos Biotecnológicos y Químicos (IPROBYQ), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), CONICET, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
- Keclon S.A., Tucuman 7180, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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17
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Ashraf R, Rashid N, Kanai T, Imanaka T, Akhtar M. Pcal_1311, an alcohol dehydrogenase homologue from Pyrobaculum calidifontis, displays NADH-dependent high aldehyde reductase activity. Extremophiles 2017; 21:1101-1110. [PMID: 29022135 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-017-0970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome sequence of Pyrobaculum calidifontis, a hyperthermophilic archaeon, harbors three open-reading frames annotated as alcohol dehydrogenases. One of them, Pcal_1311, does not display a significantly high homology with any of the characterized alcohol dehydrogenases. Highest homology of 38% was found with the characterized counterpart from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. To examine the biochemical properties of Pcal_1311, we have cloned and functionally expressed the gene in Escherichia coli. Purified recombinant Pcal_1311 catalyzed the NAD(H)-dependent oxidation of various alcohols and reduction of aldehydes, with a marked preference for substrates with functional group at the terminal carbon. Highest activity for the oxidation reaction (3 μmol min-1 mg-1) was found with 1,4-butanediol and for the reduction reaction (150 μmol min-1 mg-1) with glutaraldehyde. Both the oxidation and reduction activities increased with the increase in temperature up to 80 °C. Recombinant Pcal_1311 was highly stable and retained more than 90% activity even after incubation of 180 min at 90 °C. In addition to the thermostabilty, Pcal_1311 was highly stable in the presence of known denaturants including urea and guanidine hydrochloride. The high stability, particularly thermostability, and the NADH-dependent aldehyde reduction activity make Pcal_1311 a unique member in the alcohol dehydrogenase family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Ashraf
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Rashid
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.
| | - Tamotsu Kanai
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Imanaka
- The Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 7PX, UK
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Pereira MG, Velasco-Lozano S, Moreno-Perez S, Polizeli AM, Heinen PR, Facchini FDA, Vici AC, Cereia M, Pessela BC, Fernandez-Lorente G, Guisan JM, Jorge JA, Polizeli MDLTM. Different Covalent Immobilizations Modulate Lipase Activities of Hypocrea pseudokoningii. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22091448. [PMID: 28869529 PMCID: PMC6151390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization can promote several advantages for their industrial application. In this work, a lipase from Hypocrea pseudokoningii was efficiently linked to four chemical supports: agarose activated with cyanogen bromide (CNBr), glyoxyl-agarose (GX), MANAE-agarose activated with glutaraldehyde (GA) and GA-crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. Results showed a more stable lipase with both the GA-crosslinked and GA derivatives, compared to the control (CNBr), at 50 °C, 60 °C and 70 °C. Moreover, all derivatives were stabilized when incubated with organic solvents at 50%, such as ethanol, methanol, n-propanol and cyclohexane. Furthermore, lipase was highly activated (4-fold) in the presence of cyclohexane. GA-crosslinked and GA derivatives were more stable than the CNBr one in the presence of organic solvents. All derivatives were able to hydrolyze sardine, açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cotton seed and grape seed oils. However, during the hydrolysis of sardine oil, GX derivative showed to be 2.3-fold more selectivity (eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratio) than the control. Additionally, the types of immobilization interfered with the lipase enantiomeric preference. Unlike the control, the other three derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the R-isomer of 2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid ethyl ester and the S-isomer of 1-phenylethanol acetate racemic mixtures. On the other hand, GX and CNBr derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the S-isomer of butyryl-2-phenylacetic acid racemic mixture while the GA and GA-crosslink derivatives preferably hydrolyzed the R-isomer. However, all derivatives, including the control, preferably hydrolyzed the methyl mandelate S-isomer. Moreover, the derivatives could be used for eight consecutive cycles retaining more than 50% of their residual activity. This work shows the importance of immobilization as a tool to increase the lipase stability to temperature and organic solvents, thus enabling the possibility of their application at large scale processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita G Pereira
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Group, CIC Biomagune, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo Miramón 182, 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián Guipúzcoa, Spain.
| | - Sonia Moreno-Perez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências de la Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aline M Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R Heinen
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-900, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda D A Facchini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-900, Brazil.
| | - Ana C Vici
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Cereia
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Benevides C Pessela
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências de la Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gloria Fernandez-Lorente
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Microbiología de los Alimentos, Instituto de Ciências de la Alimentación, CIAL-CSIC, Calle Nicolás Cabrera 9, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose M Guisan
- Departamento de Biocatálisis, Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Campus UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - João A Jorge
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Lourdes T M Polizeli
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil.
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Production, purification and characterization of fibrinolytic enzyme from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 using optimized media. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:184. [PMID: 28664371 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravascular thrombosis is one of the major causes of variety of cardiovascular disorders leading to high mortality worldwide. Fibrinolytic enzymes from microbial sources possess ability to dissolve these clots and help to circumvent these problems in more efficient and safer way. In the present study, fibrinolytic protease with higher fibrinolytic activity than plasmin was obtained from Serratia sp. KG-2-1 isolated from garbage dump soil. Response surface methodology was used to study the interactive effect of concentration of maltose, yeast extract + peptone (1:1), incubation time, and pH on enzyme production and biomass. Maximum enzyme production was achieved at 33 °C after 24 h at neutral pH in media containing 1.5% Maltose, 4.0% yeast extract + peptone and other trace elements resulting in 1.82 folds increased production. The enzyme was purified from crude extract using ammonium sulfate precipitation and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography resulting in 12.9 fold purification with 14.9% yield. The purified enzyme belongs to metalloprotease class and had optimal activity in conditions similar to physiological environment with temperature optima of 40 °C and pH optima of 8. The enzyme was found to be stable in various solvents and its activity was enhanced in presence of Na+, K+, Ba2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Hg2+ but inhibited by Ca2+ and Fe3+. Hence, the obtained enzyme may be used as potential therapeutic agent in combating various thrombolytic disorders.
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20
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Rashid Choudhry A, Mushtaq M, Adnan A, Syed Q. Response surface methodology-based optimization of glucose acylation bio-catalyzed by immobilized lipase. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2017.1320991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Adnan
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quratulain Syed
- Pakistan Council of Science and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Lahore, Pakistan
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21
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22
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de Carvalho CCCR. Whole cell biocatalysts: essential workers from Nature to the industry. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:250-263. [PMID: 27145540 PMCID: PMC5328830 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have been exposed to a myriad of substrates and environmental conditions throughout evolution resulting in countless metabolites and enzymatic activities. Although mankind have been using these properties for centuries, we have only recently learned to control their production, to develop new biocatalysts with high stability and productivity and to improve their yields under new operational conditions. However, microbial cells still provide the best known environment for enzymes, preventing conformational changes in the protein structure in non-conventional medium and under harsh reaction conditions, while being able to efficiently regenerate necessary cofactors and to carry out cascades of reactions. Besides, a still unknown microbe is probably already producing a compound that will cure cancer, Alzeihmer's disease or kill the most resistant pathogen. In this review, the latest developments in screening desirable activities and improving production yields are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- iBB‐Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartment of BioengineeringInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaAv. Rovisco PaisLisbon1049‐001Portugal
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23
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Nikam M, Patil S, Patil U, Khandare R, Govindwar S, Chaudhari A. Biodegradation and detoxification of azo solvent dye by ethylene glycol tolerant ligninolytic ascomycete strain of Pseudocochliobolus verruculosus NFCCI 3818. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Sánchez-Barrionuevo L, González-Benjumea A, Escobar-Niño A, García MT, López Ó, Maya I, Fernández-Bolaños JG, Cánovas D, Mellado E. A Straightforward Access to New Families of Lipophilic Polyphenols by Using Lipolytic Bacteria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166561. [PMID: 27855214 PMCID: PMC5113952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical synthesis of new lipophilic polyphenols with improved properties presents technical difficulties. Here we describe the selection, isolation and identification of lipolytic bacteria from food-processing industrial wastes, and their use for tailoring a new set of compounds with great interest in the food industry. These bacteria were employed to produce lipolytic supernatants, which were applied without further purification as biocatalysts in the chemoselective and regioselective synthesis of lipophilic partially acetylated phenolic compounds derived from olive polyphenols. The chemoselectivity of polyphenols acylation/deacylation was analyzed, revealing the preference of the lipases for phenolic hydroxyl groups and phenolic esters. In addition, the alcoholysis of peracetylated 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol resulted in a series of lipophilic 2-alkoxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl acetate through an unexpected lipase-mediated etherification at the benzylic position. These new compounds are more lipophilic and retained their antioxidant properties. This approach can provide access to unprecedented derivatives of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre Sánchez-Barrionuevo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Almudena Escobar-Niño
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - María Teresa García
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Maya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - David Cánovas
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Encarnación Mellado
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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Biochemical characterization of a halophilic, alkalithermophilic protease from Alkalibacillus sp. NM-Da2. Extremophiles 2016; 20:885-894. [PMID: 27757695 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular, halophilic, alkalithermophilic serine protease from the halo-alkaliphilic Alkalibacillus sp. NM-Da2 was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified protease was a monomeric enzyme with an approximate molecular mass of 35 kDa and exhibited maximal activity at 2.7 M NaCl, pH55 °C 9 and 56 °C. The protease showed great temperature stability, retaining greater than 80 % of initial activity after 2 h incubation at 55 °C. The protease was also extremely pH tolerant, retaining 80 % of initial activity at pH55 °C 10.5 after 30 min incubation. Protease hydrolyzed complex substrates, displaying activity on yeast extract, tryptone, casein, gelatin and peptone. Protease activity was inhibited at casein concentrations greater than 1.2 mg/mL. The enzyme was stable and active in 40 % (v/v) solutions of isopropanol, ethanol and benzene and was stable in the presence of the polysorbate surfactant Tween 80. Activity was stimulated with the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition with phenyl methylsulfonylfluoride indicates it is a serine protease. Synthetic saline wastewater treated with the protease showed 50 % protein removal after 5 h. Being halophilic, alkaliphilic and thermophilic, in addition to being resistant to organic solvents, this protease has potential for various applications in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
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26
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Dachuri V, Boyineni J, Choi S, Chung HS, Jang SH, Lee C. Organic solvent-tolerant, cold-adapted lipases PML and LipS exhibit increased conformational flexibility in polar organic solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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27
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Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. nov., isolated from a bottle of xylene. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:325-32. [PMID: 26818686 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A Gram-staining-positive, solvent-tolerating (acetophenone, benzene, toluene, xylene and hexane), aerobic, non-motile, terminal endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from a bottle of xylene. The strain, designated JC22(T), was found to be oxidase and catalase positive. The strain was able to tolerate solvents with different log p values like acetophenone (log P = 1.5), benzene (log P = 2.0), toluene (log P = 2.5), xylene (log P = 3.2) and hexane (log P = 3.4), though it could not use them as sole carbon sources. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain JC22(T) was identified as belonging to the genus Lysinibacillus and was most closely related to Lysinibacillus sinduriensis BLB-1(T) (98.1 %), Lysinibacillus halotolerans LAM612(T) (97.8 %), Lysinibacillus chungkukjangi 2RL3-2(T) (97.6 %) and Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus XDB9(T) (97.1 %). The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain JC22(T) with the type strains of closest species was <30 %. Strain JC22(T) grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with an optimal pH of 7-8 (range 6-10) at 35-37 °C (range 25-40 °C). The DNA G+C content was 41.2 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0. Cell wall peptidoglycan type was determined to be A4α (L-Lys-D-Asp). Predominant quinone system was MK-7 with moderate amounts of MK-6, MK-6(H2) and MK-7(H2). Polar lipids of strain JC22(T) contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid. On the basis of morphological, physiological, genetic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomical analyses, we conclude that strain JC22(T) be assigned the status of novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus for which the name Lysinibacillus xyleni sp. nov. is proposed. Type strain of the species is JC22(T) (= CCUG 57912(T) = KCTC 13604(T) = NBRC 105753(T) = DSM 23555(T)).
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Kumar A, Dhar K, Kanwar SS, Arora PK. Lipase catalysis in organic solvents: advantages and applications. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:2. [PMID: 26766927 PMCID: PMC4711063 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-016-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are industrial biocatalysts, which are involved in several novel reactions, occurring in aqueous medium as well as non-aqueous medium. Furthermore, they are well-known for their remarkable ability to carry out a wide variety of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selective transformations. Lipases have been gained attention worldwide by organic chemists due to their general ease of handling, broad substrate tolerance, high stability towards temperatures and solvents and convenient commercial availability. Most of the synthetic reactions on industrial scale are carried out in organic solvents because of the easy solubility of non-polar compounds. The effect of organic system on their stability and activity may determine the biocatalysis pace. Because of worldwide use of lipases, there is a need to understand the mechanisms behind the lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents. The unique interfacial activation of lipases has always fascinated enzymologists and recently, biophysicists and crystallographers have made progress in understanding the structure-function relationships of these enzymes. The present review describes the advantages of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents and various effects of organic solvents on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005 India
| | - Kartik Dhar
- Departmentof Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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29
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Enzyme stability, thermodynamics and secondary structures of α-amylase as probed by the CD spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 81:450-60. [PMID: 26297306 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An amylase of a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. TSSC-3 (GenBank Number, EU710557) isolated from the Tulsi Shyam hot spring reservoir (Gujarat, India) was purified to the homogeneity in a single step on phenyl sepharose 6FF. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 25kD, while the temperature and pH optima for the enzyme catalysis were 80°C and 7, respectively. The purified enzyme was highly thermostable with broad pH stability and displayed remarkable resistance against surfactants, chelators, urea, guanidine HCl and various solvents as well. The stability and changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme under various extreme conditions were determined by the circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The stability trends and the changes in the α-helices and β-sheets were analyzed by Mean Residual Ellipticity (MRE) and K2D3. The CD data confirmed the structural stability of the enzyme under various harsh conditions, yet it indicated reduced α-helix content and increased β-sheets upon denaturation. The thermodynamic parameters; deactivation rate constant, half-life, changes in entropy, enthalpy, activation energy and Gibb's free energy indicated that the enzyme-substrate reactions were highly stable. The overall profile of the enzyme: high thermostability, alkalitolerance, calcium independent nature, dextrose equivalent values and resistance against chemical denaturants, solvents and surfactants suggest its commercial applications.
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30
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Maruthiah T, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Purification and Characterization of Halophilic Organic Solvent Tolerant Protease from Marine Bacillus sp. APCMST-RS7 and Its Antioxidant Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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31
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Walsh G. Industrial Enzymes: An Introduction. Proteins 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119117599.ch11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Biophysicochemical Characterization of an Alkaline Protease from Beauveria sp. MTCC 5184 with Multiple Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:589-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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33
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Jang E, Ryu BH, Kim TD. Identification, characterization, and immobilization of an organic solvent-stable alkaline hydrolase (PA27) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MH38. Molecules 2014; 19:14396-405. [PMID: 25221865 PMCID: PMC6271597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190914396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An organic solvent-stable alkaline hydrolase (PA27) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MH38 was expressed, characterized, and immobilized for biotechnological applications. Recombinant PA27 was expressed in Escherichia coli as a 27 kDa soluble protein and was purified by standard procedures. PA27 was found to be stable at pH 8–11 and below 50 °C. It maintained more than 80% of its activity under alkaline conditions (pH 8.0–11.0). Furthermore, PA27 exhibited remarkable stability in benzene and n-hexane at concentrations of 30% and 50%. Based on these properties, immobilization of PA27 for biotechnological applications was explored. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a very smooth spherical structure with numerous large pores. Interestingly, immobilized PA27 displayed improved thermal/chemical stabilities and high reusability. Specifically, immobilized PA27 has improved thermal stability, maintaining over 90% of initial activity after 1 h of incubation at 80 °C, whereas free PA27 had only 35% residual activity. Furthermore, immobilized PA27 showed higher residual activity than the free enzyme biocatalysts against detergents, urea, and phenol. Immobilized PA27 could be recycled 20 times with retention of ~60% of its initial activity. Furthermore, macroscopic hydrogel formation of PA27 was also investigated. These characteristics make PA27 a great candidate for an industrial biocatalyst with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
| | - Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
| | - Thomas Doohun Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Korea.
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Hemamalini R, Khare S. A proteomic approach to understand the role of the outer membrane porins in the organic solvent-tolerance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103788. [PMID: 25089526 PMCID: PMC4121210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Solvent-tolerant microbes have the unique ability to thrive in presence of organic solvents. The present study describes the effect of increasing hydrophobicity (log Pow values) of organic solvents on the outer membrane proteome of the solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa PseA cells. The cells were grown in a medium containing 33% (v/v) alkanes of increasing log Pow values. The outer membrane proteins were extracted by alkaline extraction from the late log phase cells and changes in the protein expression were studied by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Seven protein spots showed significant differential expression in the solvent exposed cells. The tryptic digest of the differentially regulated proteins were identified by LC-ESI MS/MS. The identity of these proteins matched with porins OprD, OprE, OprF, OprH, Opr86, LPS assembly protein and A-type flagellin. The reported pI values of these proteins were in the range of 4.94-8.67 and the molecular weights were in the range of 19.5-104.5 kDa. The results suggest significant down-regulation of the A-type flagellin, OprF and OprD and up-regulation of OprE, OprH, Opr86 and LPS assembly protein in presence of organic solvents. OprF and OprD are implicated in antibiotic uptake and outer membrane stability, whereas A-type flagellin confers motility and chemotaxis. Up-regulated OprE is an anaerobically-induced porin while Opr86 is responsible for transport of small molecules and assembly of the outer membrane proteins. Differential regulation of the above porins clearly indicates their role in adaptation to solvent exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Hemamalini
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunil Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
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Mesbah NM, Wiegel J. Halophilic alkali- and thermostable amylase from a novel polyextremophilic Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:222-9. [PMID: 25008132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular gluco-amylo-pullulanase from Amphibacillus sp. NM-Ra2 was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation, anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular mass of the enzyme was 50kDa (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme showed maximal activity at 1.9 M NaCl, pH50°C 8.0 and 54°C and was active from 0 to 4.3 M NaCl and 37 to 65°C. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA and was stable and active in the presence of PMSF, DTT, H2O2, Triton-X-100, Tween 20 and Tween 80. Ca2+ is inessential for activity. The amylase was stimulated with K+ and inhibited with Cu2+ and Mg2+. Hg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ had no effect on activity. Amylase was stable and active in the presence of ethanol, methanol and benzene (25%, v/v). The enzyme hydrolyzed linear and branched polysaccharides including pullulan, glycogen and amylopectin, and hydrolyzed raw wheat starch and raw corn starch (14.6% and 13.5% over 2 h). Amylase activity was inhibited by soluble starch concentrations greater than 0.3%. The major products of soluble starch hydrolysis were maltose and maltotriose. The amylase, being halophilic and alkali-thermostable, in addition to being resistant to surfactants, oxidizing agents and organic solvents, can find applications in the starch processing, pharmaceutical, food and paper/pulp industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Mesbah
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.
| | - Juergen Wiegel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Ittrat P, Chacho T, Pholprayoon J, Suttiwarayanon N, Charoenpanich J. Application of agriculture waste as a support for lipase immobilization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Cruz JC, Pfromm PH, Szoszkiewicz R, Rezac ME. Hydrolases on silica surfaces: Coverage-activity–molecular property relationships revealed. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Sinha R, Khare SK. Protective role of salt in catalysis and maintaining structure of halophilic proteins against denaturation. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:165. [PMID: 24782853 PMCID: PMC3988381 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Search for new industrial enzymes having novel properties continues to be a desirable pursuit in enzyme research. The halophilic organisms inhabiting under saline/ hypersaline conditions are considered as promising source of useful enzymes. Their enzymes are structurally adapted to perform efficient catalysis under saline environment wherein n0n-halophilic enzymes often lose their structure and activity. Haloenzymes have been documented to be polyextremophilic and withstand high temperature, pH, organic solvents, and chaotropic agents. However, this stability is modulated by salt. Although vast amount of information have been generated on salt mediated protection and structure function relationship in halophilic proteins, their clear understanding and correct perspective still remain incoherent. Furthermore, understanding their protein architecture may give better clue for engineering stable enzymes which can withstand harsh industrial conditions. The article encompasses the current level of understanding about haloadaptations and analyzes structural basis of their enzyme stability against classical denaturants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Sinha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi, India
| | - Sunil K Khare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Delhi, India
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Chu J, Wu X, Li B, He B. Efficient glucosylation of flavonoids by organic solvent-tolerant Staphylococcus saprophyticus CQ16 in aqueous hydrophilic media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Isolation and characterization of a novel organic solvent-tolerant and halotolerant esterase from a soil metagenomic library. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bernardo M, Pacheco R, Serralheiro MLM, Karmali A. Production of hydroxamic acids by immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells: Kinetic analysis in reverse micelles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Homaei AA, Sariri R, Vianello F, Stevanato R. Enzyme immobilization: an update. J Chem Biol 2013; 6:185-205. [PMID: 24432134 DOI: 10.1007/s12154-013-0102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 479] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immo-bilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-use of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, the need for immobilization and different applications in industry, covering the last two decades. The most recent papers, patents, and reviews on immobilization strategies and application are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abolpour Homaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hormozgan, Bandarabbas, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sariri
- Reyhaneh Sariri, Department of Microbiology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
| | - Fabio Vianello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Stevanato
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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An organic solvent-tolerant alkaline lipase from cold-adapted Pseudomonas mandelii: cloning, expression, and characterization. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2013; 77:320-3. [PMID: 23391923 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a novel organic solvent-tolerant alkaline lipase, lipS (GenBank ID JQ071496), was cloned from cold-adapted Pseudomonas mandelii. Recombinant LipS was expressed in Escherichia coli as a 32-kDa soluble protein and was purified by standard procedures. It maintained more than 80% of its activity under alkaline conditions, pH 8-10.5, with an apparent optimum temperature range of 40-50 °C. It maintained thermal stability from 4 to 50 °C. After 1 h of incubation at 60 °C, approximately 50% of its activity remained. It retained its activity in organic solvents, and activity increased in the presence of ethanol and of DMSO. Our data indicate that LipS is an alkaline lipase with relatively high thermal stability and notable tolerance of organic solvents.
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Karan R, Capes MD, DasSarma P, DasSarma S. Cloning, overexpression, purification, and characterization of a polyextremophilic β-galactosidase from the Antarctic haloarchaeon Halorubrum lacusprofundi. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:3. [PMID: 23320757 PMCID: PMC3556326 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Halorubrum lacusprofundi is a cold-adapted halophilic archaeon isolated from Deep Lake, a perennially cold and hypersaline lake in Antarctica. Its genome sequencing project was recently completed, providing access to many genes predicted to encode polyextremophilic enzymes active in both extremely high salinity and cold temperatures. Results Analysis of the genome sequence of H. lacusprofundi showed a gene cluster for carbohydrate utilization containing a glycoside hydrolase family 42 β-galactosidase gene, named bga. In order to study the biochemical properties of the β-galactosidase enzyme, the bga gene was PCR amplified, cloned, and expressed in the genetically tractable haloarchaeon Halobacterium sp. NRC-1 under the control of a cold shock protein (cspD2) gene promoter. The recombinant β-galactosidase protein was produced at 20-fold higher levels compared to H. lacusprofundi, purified using gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and identified by SDS-PAGE, LC-MS/MS, and ONPG hydrolysis activity. The purified enzyme was found to be active over a wide temperature range (−5 to 60°C) with an optimum of 50°C, and 10% of its maximum activity at 4°C. The enzyme also exhibited extremely halophilic character, with maximal activity in either 4 M NaCl or KCl. The polyextremophilic β-galactosidase was also stable and active in 10–20% alcohol-aqueous solutions, containing methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, or isoamyl alcohol. Conclusion The H. lacusprofundi β-galactosidase is a polyextremophilic enzyme active in high salt concentrations and low and high temperature. The enzyme is also active in aqueous-organic mixed solvents, with potential applications in synthetic chemistry. H. lacuprofundi proteins represent a significant biotechnology resource and for developing insights into enzyme catalysis under water limiting conditions. This study provides a system for better understanding how H. lacusprofundi is successful in a perennially cold, hypersaline environment, with relevance to astrobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Karan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, and Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University System of Maryland, 701 E Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
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Joshi C, Khare S. Purification and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipase produced by SSF of deoiled Jatropha seed cake. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Effect of organic solvents on the activity and stability of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2) from Haloferax volcanii. Extremophiles 2012. [PMID: 23179592 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-012-0498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of various organic solvents on the catalytic activity, stability and substrate specificity of alchohol dehydrogenase from Haloferax volcanii (HvADH2) was evaluated. The HvADH2 showed remarkable stability and catalysed the reaction in aqueous-organic medium containing dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (MeOH). Tetrahydrofuran and acetonitrile were also investigated and adversely affected the stability of the enzyme. High concentration of salt, essential to maintain the enzymatic activity and structural integrity of the halophilic enzyme under standard conditions may be partially replaced by DMSO and MeOH. The presence of organic solvents did not induce gross changes in substrate specificity. DMSO offered a protective effect for the stability of the enzyme at nonoptimal pHs such as 6 and 10. Salt and solvent effects on the HvADH2 conformation and folding were examined through fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence findings were consistent with the activity and stability results and corroborated the denaturing properties of some solvents. The intrinsic tolerance of this enzyme to organic solvent makes it highly attractive to industry.
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Ge J, Yang C, Zhu J, Lu D, Liu Z. Nanobiocatalysis in Organic Media: Opportunities for Enzymes in Nanostructures. Top Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-012-9906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kikani BA, Pandey S, Singh SP. Immobilization of the α-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquifaciens TSWK1-1 for the improved biocatalytic properties and solvent tolerance. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2012; 36:567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-012-0812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Liszka MJ, Clark ME, Schneider E, Clark DS. Nature Versus Nurture: Developing Enzymes That Function Under Extreme Conditions. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2012; 3:77-102. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elizabeth Schneider
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
- UC Berkeley and UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720; , , ,
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Kumar S, Khare SK. Purification and characterization of maltooligosaccharide-forming α-amylase from moderately halophilic Marinobacter sp. EMB8. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 116:247-251. [PMID: 22197336 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Maltooligosaccharides especially maltotriose and maltotetraose producing amylases are highly desirable for application in bread making and other food industries. A maltotriose and maltotetraose producing amylase from moderately halophilic Marinobacter sp. EMB8 is described. Under optimized culture conditions, 48.0 IU/mL amylase was obtained. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-75 column chromatography with 52% yield and 76-fold purification. It was a monomeric protein of 72 kDa. The amylase had many novel features viz. stability up to 20% NaCl, 80 °C temperature, pH 6.0-11.0 and in wide range of organic solvents at high concentrations. The enzyme efficiently hydrolyzed starch into maltooligosaccharides rich in maltotriose and maltotetraose. These novel properties make the Marinobacter sp. amylase a potentially useful enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi, India
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