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Comley JG, Scott JA, Laamanen CA. Utilizing CO 2 in industrial off-gas for microalgae cultivation: considerations and solutions. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:910-923. [PMID: 37500178 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2233692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of microalgae to treat carbon dioxide (CO2)-rich industrial off-gas has been suggested as both beneficial for emissions reduction and economically favorable for the production of microalgal products. Common sources of off-gases include coal combustion (2-15% CO2), cement production (8-15% CO2), coke production (18-23% CO2), and ore smelting (6-7% CO2). However, industrial off-gas also commonly contains other acid gas components [typically nitrogen oxides (NOX) and sulfur dioxide (SO2)] and metals that could inhibit microalgae growth and productivity. To utilize industrial off-gas effectively in microalgae cultivation systems, a number of solutions have been proposed to overcome potential inhibitions. These include bioprospecting to identify suitable strains, genetic modification to improve specific cellular characteristics, chemical additions, and bioreactor designs and operating procedures.In this review, results from microalgae experiments related to utilizing off-gas are presented, and the outcomes of different conditions discussed along with potential solutions to resolve limitations associated with the application of off-gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Comley
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - John A Scott
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Corey A Laamanen
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Sartori RB, Deprá MC, Dias RR, Fagundes MB, Zepka LQ, Jacob-Lopes E. The Role of Light on the Microalgae Biotechnology: Fundamentals, Technological Approaches, and Sustainability Issues. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:22-51. [PMID: 38205773 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230504104051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Light energy directly affects microalgae growth and productivity. Microalgae in natural environments receive light through solar fluxes, and their duration and distribution are highly variable over time. Consequently, microalgae must adjust their photosynthetic processes to avoid photo limitation and photoinhibition and maximize yield. Considering these circumstances, adjusting light capture through artificial lighting in the main culture systems benefits microalgae growth and induces the production of commercially important compounds. In this sense, this review provides a comprehensive study of the role of light in microalgae biotechnology. For this, we present the main fundamentals and reactions of metabolism and metabolic alternatives to regulate photosynthetic conversion in microalgae cells. Light conversions based on natural and artificial systems are compared, mainly demonstrating the impact of solar radiation on natural systems and lighting devices, spectral compositions, periodic modulations, and light fluxes when using artificial lighting systems. The most commonly used photobioreactor design and performance are shown herein, in addition to a more detailed discussion of light-dependent approaches in these photobioreactors. In addition, we present the principal advances in photobioreactor projects, focusing on lighting, through a patent-based analysis to map technological trends. Lastly, sustainability and economic issues in commercializing microalgae products were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela Basso Sartori
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariany Costa Deprá
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Rodrigues Dias
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Bittencourt Fagundes
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leila Queiroz Zepka
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Jacob-Lopes
- Bioprocess Intensification Group, Federal University of Santa Maria, Roraima Avenue, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Toepel J, Karande R, Klähn S, Bühler B. Cyanobacteria as whole-cell factories: current status and future prospectives. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 80:102892. [PMID: 36669448 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria as phototrophic microorganisms bear great potential to produce chemicals from sustainable resources such as light and CO2. Most studies focus on either strain engineering or tackling metabolic constraints. Recently gained knowledge on internal electron and carbon fluxes and their regulation provides new opportunities to efficiently channel cellular resources toward product formation. Concomitantly, novel photobioreactor concepts are developed to ensure sufficient light supply. This review summarizes the newest developments in the field of cyanobacterial engineering to finally establish photosynthesis-based production processes. A holistic approach tackling genetic, metabolic, and biochemical engineering in parallel is considered essential to turn their application into an ecoefficient and economically feasible option for a future green bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Toepel
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rohan Karande
- Research and Transfer Center for bioactive Matter b-ACTmatter, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Klähn
- Department of Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bruno Bühler
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.
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