D'Alfonso L, Collini M, Ragona L, Ugolini R, Baldini G, Molinari H. Porcine beta-lactoglobulin chemical unfolding: Identification of a non-native α-helical intermediate.
Proteins 2004;
58:70-9. [PMID:
15526300 DOI:
10.1002/prot.20309]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemical unfolding behavior of porcine beta-lactoglobulin (PLG) has been followed at pH 2 and 6 in the presence of guanidinium hydrochloride. The PLG unfolding transition, monitored by tryptophan fluorescence, far and near UV circular dichroism and 1D-NMR, can be described by a three-state transition suggesting the presence of at least one intermediate state that appears to display an excess of non-native alpha-helical structures. The thermodynamic parameters, as determined through a global analysis fitting procedure, give estimates of the free energy differences of the transitions connecting the native, the intermediate and the unfolded state: DeltaG(NI) (0) = 2.8 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1) (pH 2) and 4.2 +/- 0.5 kcal mol(-1) (pH 6) and DeltaG(NU) (0) = 7.2 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1) (pH 2) and 6.9 +/- 0.6 kcal mol(-1) (pH 6). CD unfolding data of the bovine species (BLG) have been collected here under the same experimental conditions of PLG to allow a careful comparison of the two beta-lactoglobulins. Intermediates with different characteristics have been identified for BLG and PLG, and their nature has been discussed on a structural analysis basis. The thermodynamic data reported here for PLG and BLG and the comparative analysis with data reported for equine beta lactoglobulin, show that homologous beta-barrel proteins, belonging to the same family and displaying high sequence identity (52-64%) populate unfolding intermediates to different extents, even though a common tendency to the formation of non-native alpha-helical intermediates, can be envisaged. The present results provide a prerequisite foundation of knowledge for the design and interpretation of future folding kinetic studies.
Collapse