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Takeda S, Takizawa M, Miyauchi K, Urano E, Fujino M, Murakami T, Murakami T, Komano J. Conformational properties of the third variable loop of HIV-1AD8 envelope glycoprotein in the liganded conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 475:113-8. [PMID: 27178216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The conformational dynamics of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and gp41 (Env) remains poorly understood. Here we examined how the V3 loop conformation is regulated in the liganded state using a panel of recombinant HIV-1NL4-3 clones bearing HIV-1AD8 Env by two experimental approaches, one adopting a monoclonal neutralizing antibody KD-247 (suvizumab) that recognizes the tip of the V3 loop, and the other assessing the function of the V3 loop. A significant positive correlation of the Env-KD-247 binding was detected between the liganded and unliganded conditions. Namely, the mutation D163G located in the V2 loop, which enhances viral susceptibility to KD-247 by 59.4-fold, had little effect on the sCD4-induced increment of the virus-KD-247 binding. By contrast, a virus with the S370N mutation in the C3 region increased the virus-KD-247 binding by 91.4-fold, although it did not influence the KD-247-mediated neutralization. Co-receptor usage and the susceptibility to CCR5 inhibitor Maraviroc were unaffected by D163G and S370N mutations. Collectively, these data suggest that the conformation of the liganded V3-loop of HIV-1AD8 Env is still under regulation of other Env domains aside from the V3 loop, including V2 and C3. Our results give an insight into the structural properties of HIV-1 Env and viral resistance to entry inhibitors by non-V3 loop mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Takeda
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan
| | - Mari Takizawa
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan
| | - Kosuke Miyauchi
- Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, Research Center for Integrative Medical Science (IMS), RIKEN Yokohama Institute, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Emiko Urano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan
| | - Toshio Murakami
- The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute, 1314-1 Kawabe Kyokushi, Kikuchi, Kumamoto, 869-1298, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Murakami
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan
| | - Jun Komano
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0053, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya Medical Center, 1-1 4-Chome, Sannomaru, Naka-ku, Nagoya, 460-0001, Japan.
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Honarparvar B, Govender T, Maguire GEM, Soliman MES, Kruger HG. Integrated Approach to Structure-Based Enzymatic Drug Design: Molecular Modeling, Spectroscopy, and Experimental Bioactivity. Chem Rev 2013; 114:493-537. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300314q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Honarparvar
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit and ‡School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Thavendran Govender
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit and ‡School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Glenn E. M. Maguire
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit and ‡School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Mahmoud E. S. Soliman
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit and ‡School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis
and Peptide Research Unit and ‡School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Andrianov AM, Kornoushenko YV, Anishchenko IV, Eremin VF, Tuzikov AV. Structural analysis of the envelope gp120 V3 loop for some HIV-1 variants circulating in the countries of Eastern Europe. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 31:665-83. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.706455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Andrianov AM, Anishchenko IV. Computational Model of the HIV-1 Subtype A V3 Loop: Study on the Conformational Mobility for Structure-Based Anti-AIDS Drug Design. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2012; 27:179-93. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2009.10507308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Andrianov
- a Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Kuprevich Street 5/2, 220141 , Minsk , Republic of Belarus
| | - Ivan V. Anishchenko
- b United Institute of Informatics Problems National Academy of Sciences of Belarus , Surganov Street 6, 220012 , Minsk , Republic of Belarus
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Andrianov AM, Anishchenko IV, Tuzikov AV. Discovery of Novel Promising Targets for Anti-AIDS Drug Developments by Computer Modeling: Application to the HIV-1 gp120 V3 Loop. J Chem Inf Model 2011; 51:2760-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ci200255t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M. Andrianov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Str. 5/2, 220141, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Ivan V. Anishchenko
- United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov Str. 6, 220012, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Alexander V. Tuzikov
- Laboratory of Mathematical Cybernetics, United Institute of Informatics Problems, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Surganov Str. 6, 220012, Minsk, Belarus
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Majerle A, Pristovsek P, Mancek-Keber M, Jerala R. Interaction of the HIV-1 gp120 viral protein V3 loop with bacterial lipopolysaccharide: a pattern recognition inhibition. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:26228-37. [PMID: 21636577 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.220434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 represents an elusive target for therapeutic compounds due to its high rate of mutation. Targeting structural patterns instead of a constantly changing specific three-dimensional structure may represent an approach that is less sensitive to viral mutations. The V3 loop of gp120 of HIV-1, which is responsible for binding of viral gp120 to CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptors, has already been identified as an effective target for the inhibition of viral entry. The peptide derived from the V3 loop of gp120 specifically interacts with the lipid A moiety of LPS, as does the full gp120 protein. NMR analysis of V3 in complex with LPS shows formation of an amphipathic turn. The interaction between LPS and V3 relies on the structural pattern, comprising a combination of hydrophobic and charge interactions, similar to the interaction between antimicrobial peptides and LPS. LPS inhibited binding of gp120 to the surface of target T cells. Nonendotoxic LPS antagonists inhibited viral infection, demonstrating the possibility for the development of an inhibitor of HIV-1 attachment to T cells based on the recognition of a conserved structural pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreja Majerle
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Identification of amino acid residues important for heparan sulfate proteoglycan interaction within variable region 3 of the feline immunodeficiency virus surface glycoprotein. J Virol 2011; 85:7108-17. [PMID: 21543468 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00573-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) act as binding receptors or attachment factors for the viral envelope of many viruses, including strains of HIV and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). The FIV gp95 glycoprotein (SU) from laboratory-adapted strains (tissue culture adapted [TCA]) such as FIV-34TF10 can bind to HSPG, whereas SU from field strains (FS) such as FIV-PPR cannot. Previous studies indicate that SU-HSPG interactions occur within the V3 loop. We utilized a series of nested V3 peptides to further map the HSPG binding sites and found that both sides of the predicted V3 loop stem were critical for the binding but not the CXCR4 binding domain near the predicted tip of the V3 loop. Neutralization assays for TCA strain entry using the same set of V3 peptides showed that peptides targeting CXCR4 or HSPG binding sites can block infection, supporting the V3 loop as a critical neutralization target. Site-directed mutagenesis identified two highly conserved arginines, R379 and R389, on the N-terminal side of the V3 stem as critical for the contact between SU and HSPG. Residues K407, K409, K410, and K412 on the C-terminal side of the V3 stem form a second nonconserved domain necessary for HSPG binding, consistent with the observed specificity distinctions with FS FIV. Our findings discriminate structural determinants important for HSPG and CXCR4 binding by FIV SU and thus further define the importance of the V3 loop for virus entry and infection.
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Andrianov AM. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 gp120 V3 loop for anti-acquired immune deficiency syndrome drug discovery: computer-aided approaches to the problem solving. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2011; 6:419-35. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2011.560603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Andrianov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich Street 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Republic of Belarus +375 17 2678263 ; +375 17 2241214 ;
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Tan H, Rader AJ. Identification of putative, stable binding regions through flexibility analysis of HIV-1 gp120. Proteins 2009; 74:881-94. [PMID: 18704932 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The acquired-immunodeficiency syndrome has evolved into a major worldwide epidemic. Significant effort has been made in the development of antiviral therapies. A new strategy for vaccine and drug design that complements the existing cocktail therapy is to target entry of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such an approach provides the advantage of interfering with multiple intermediates in this multi-step process. The extraordinary conformational flexibility, glycosylation, and strain variations of viral glycoprotein gp120 cause general viral evasion of humoral immune response and thus complicate the development of an effective vaccine. Especially difficult to define are the conformation of gp120 before CD4 engagement as well as the relative orientations of the V1/V2 and V3 loops with respect to the inner and outer domains. In this study, we used Floppy Inclusion and Rigid Substructure Topography (FIRST), a program based on graph theory, to analyze the flexibility and rigidity of all known HIV-1 gp120 structures. A flexibility index is used to describe and compare the spatial distribution of protein flexibility and rigidity of these structures in isolation and in complex with CD4, CD4-mimics, and neutralizing antibodies. Using this flexibility analysis, we identified a universal rigid region (the alpha2 helix) as well as the consensus largest rigid cluster involving a beta-sheet located on the coreceptor binding face. Both of these regions may serve as stable targets for vaccine design and drug discovery. Detailed comparisons of the changes in flexibility based on strain variations, stabilizing mutations, binding features of CD4 mimics, and impact of b12 binding are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hepan Tan
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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Andrianov AM. Computational Anti-AIDS Drug Design Based on the Analysis of the Specific Interactions Between Immunophilins and the HIV-1 gp120 V3 Loop. Application to the FK506-Binding Protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2008; 26:49-56. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2008.10507222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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